harmonic development. Harmonious development of children: methods and principles of education, tips and recommendations And the harmonious development of a person upbringing

03.02.2012

Education is not an easy and very responsible process. And the upbringing of a harmonious personality is an ideal and its main goal. Now, if you could find a recipe and clearly know what needs to be done so that your child develops harmoniously! But we will never find a ready-made template that will suit everyone. After all, every child is an individual.

To begin with, I would like to quote you the words from the book "Children's Yoga" by the authors A. Bogatov and S. Sergeev, which are very close to me:

“The harmonious development of the child includes the development of the body, soul and spirit.

Body development - physical development, a strong and enduring body, excellent health, which means the ability to perceive various energy flows.

Development of the soul - sensual and emotional experience, mastery of the arts, perception of art (communication with Beauty).

The development of the spirit is the knowledge of the world and oneself.

All these three components are in fact closely interrelated and complement each other. Development only in one of these areas without the development of others is possible only up to a certain level. Therefore, if you nevertheless decide to help (namely help, it is not possible to force in this case) your child to develop harmoniously, then it is advisable from the very beginning of education to pay attention to the fact that there is no excessive development of any of the components to the detriment of others "

Recently, we can very clearly notice that parents are keen on the development of the intellectual component. As a result, it is not uncommon for frail students, empty halls in theaters, at exhibitions, and a decrease in moral level generally. Even Theodore Roosevelt said that "to educate a person intellectually, without educating him morally, means to grow a threat to society." And sometimes a young talent is not able to cope with tying shoelaces on their own, which, you see, is also not harmonious. There are the golden words of Aristotle for this: “In the matter of education, the development of skills must precede the development of the mind.” Or go in parallel.

Connecting, uniting all the components for the harmonious development of the individual is one of the tasks of parents. A child follows us at a young age, and although wise parents manage to listen to the preferences of their child, in general, we, moms and dads, make the first choice for our child. It is we who decide to give it to one or another section, buy a certain book, choose a movie to watch or turn on music, conduct one or another developmental activity. By setting different directions, covering, for example, and aesthetic development and technical training, which is especially important in our high-tech age, we expand the possibilities of our child, form the freedom of choice. There will come a time when the child will be able to decide what attracts him more in life, and choose his own path and, perhaps, delve into some topic.

I believe that the process of educating a harmonious personality is endless. Can we, adults, confidently say about ourselves that we are harmonious and perfect? Therefore, I see it as a very important task of educating a harmonious personality to create a foundation for the ability to self-education and self-improvement. Let your child in adulthood be able to achieve harmony in his own understanding.

Raising a child is not an easy task. And to bring up a harmonious personality is the main goal of many mothers and fathers. But there is no clear recipe for this. Every child is an individual and requires individual approach to education.

In the last decade, more and more parents are thinking about the intellectual development of their children. Popularity various techniques early development is growing. Increasingly, kids at 2-3 years old can read and count, a little older can freely use a smartphone or tablet, speak 2 languages. Being engaged in intellectual development, one should not forget about the spiritual. Going to theaters, exhibitions and just family walks in the park will have no less educational effect on the child.

Personality is defined by various qualities, thoughts, emotions, feelings and beliefs. Do not neglect any of these components. The development of intelligence is the simplest, it is enough to follow a certain methodology, but the upbringing of a harmonious personality is a complex process.

Sometimes we ourselves, adults, are not harmonious. We are often nervous and worried, complaining and annoyed. Therefore, the harmonious development of the child must begin with oneself. The influence of parents on children is one of the most powerful. How they communicate in the family, as well as family members with others, determines what will be the social interaction of the child in adulthood. Children unconsciously copy adults close to them.

Mom is the most close person for a child. It is she who has to teach the child to understand their emotions. To teach a little person to determine joy, anger, happiness, anxiety, fear, excitement. Discuss your emotions with your child more often, play role-playing games and soon the baby will begin to understand his own.

Confident parental behavior will help develop self-confidence in a child. Adults are either too strict or try to control the child too much. Both of these options in the behavior of parents are wrong - children quickly begin to understand that they cannot do anything on their own, there is no reason to even try. Such parents grow weak-willed children, often falling under bad influence.

To build self-confidence, give your child choices whenever possible. Tell him that you believe in him and he will succeed, let's not do difficult tasks that he can handle without your help. When the baby becomes more confident, complicate the task (let him choose not from two, but from three or four things, etc.).

For the development of a full-fledged personality, psychological literacy is necessary. There are many books out there on parenting. But what is written in them is necessary not only to know, but also to put into practice. And also choose one strategy and stick to it.

Read Stephen R. Covey's The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Families. With its help, you can achieve harmony in your life, as well as in your family.

One of the main tasks of parents is to unite and connect all the components and achieve the harmonious development of the individual. Small child follows us, it absorbs all the surrounding information like a sponge and copies our behavior. At first, we choose books and cartoons for our child, sculpt and draw with him, choose sections and circles. But very soon the moment will come when the child will be able to determine for himself what attracts him more and choose his own path. Don't interfere with this. May he achieve harmony in his own understanding.

1.1. Principles of comprehensive and harmonious development

Any person should strive to become useful to his country and society. But this can only be done by people with comprehensively developed spiritual and physical powers. But they can become such only under the influence of certain social conditions of life, among which a special role belongs to physical education.

The comprehensive development of the personality reflects a biological pattern, the need for the harmonious development of systems and organs of a person who, both in social terms and in his biological characteristics, is always a single social personality everywhere.

All this determines the multilateral nature of the impact on a person in the process. physical education and predetermines the organic connection between various types education, which should be taken into account and purposefully used in all cases of physical education.

The principle of comprehensive and harmonious development of the personality is revealed in two main provisions:

one). Ensuring the unity of all aspects of education, forming a harmoniously developed personality. In the process of physical education and related forms of use physical education, an integrated approach is needed in solving the problems of moral, aesthetic, physical, mental and labor education. Only in this case, the highly developed physical qualities and skills of a person, his record achievements in sports, social value and deep content;

2). Ensuring broad general physical fitness. Complex use of physical culture factors is necessary for full general development vital physical qualities characteristic of a person (and motor abilities based on them), along with the formation of a wide fund of motor skills necessary in life. In accordance with this, in specialized forms of physical education, it is necessary to ensure the unity of general and special physical training.

The spiritual world of a person is formed under the influence of the external and, first of all, social environment, and also due to the active actions of a person aimed at changing the environment and himself.

In the process of physical education - due to physical and spiritual development human - there are huge opportunities for the implementation of the tasks of mental moral and aesthetic education. The principle of comprehensive and harmonious development of the personality includes the following basic requirements:

strictly observe the unity of the various aspects of education

provide broad general physical fitness

The requirements of general physical fitness are based on one of the main patterns of human development - the inseparable interconnection of systems and organs. Comprehensive physical training is an indispensable basis for any type of activity, serves as an inexhaustible source of moral and physical strength of a person.

1.2. Principles of connection of physical education with the practice of life

This principle expresses the basic social regularity of physical education, its main service function is to prepare people for activity, for life. In all systems of physical education, this regularity has its own specific expression.

Some scholars see the main function of physical culture and sports as being to eliminate the constraint of modern life with their help. But there is another point of view - that physical education is designed to prepare people who are able to work highly productively and selflessly defend their homeland from the encroachments of enemies.

This gives the principle of the connection of physical education with the practice of life new content and meaning. In the implementation of this principle of physical education, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that, ultimately, preparation for labor and defense must be taken into account everywhere.

There is an opinion according to which the applied value of physical education lies only in the development of motor skills that are directly necessary in life. If the skill formed as a result of practicing one or another type of physical exercise is applied, i.e. can be transferred to a working or combat situation, then such physical education is connected with life.

The goal is that, having come to production or to the army, a person in the shortest possible time could master the technique of any business. Only a strong, dexterous and physically developed person masters new job mastering new technology faster.

The modern practice of combat training of troops shows that the more complex the military equipment, the deeper and more versatile the requirements for the physical fitness of people should be. The tasks of special military-applied training are put forward in a prominent place.

Some scientists raise the question - what is more important for life: a motor skill or physical qualities, the education of which should be ensured in the process of physical education? This question is not valid in this formulation. Quality and skill do not exist in isolation from each other. Such a formulation of the question practically leads to the opposition of education to upbringing and vice versa. Both are important. A person prepared for life is a person with a high level of development of physical qualities and a large stock of various motor skills. In unity, both of these factors guarantee the physical fitness necessary for life.

Physical education should ensure the appropriate level of health of members of society, the development of their strength and endurance. The principle of connection of physical education with the practice of life must be guided by all the particular tasks of physical education, including sports training, including in it physical exercises that have a directly applied value.

As a result, the following concretizing provisions of the principle of connection of physical education with the practice of life can be deduced:

when solving specific tasks of physical training, other things being equal, preference should be given to those means ( exercise), which form vital motor skills and skills of a directly labor nature;

in any form of physical activity, it is necessary to strive to ensure the acquisition of the widest possible fund of various motor skills, as well as the comprehensive development of physical abilities;

constantly and purposefully link cultural activity with the formation of an active life position of the individual on the basis of the education of diligence, patriotism and moral qualities.

§3. Comprehensive harmonious development of personality as the goal of education

347340. G Oslgadoisk. Etc. YaLira. 43 ten. S-73-46. Fayu 3-4&-24 okpo 46674321 £qq
Part I. Psychology
Chapter 1. Characteristics of psychology as a science. Object and subject of psychology
Chapter 2
Chapter 3. Principles and methods of psychology
Chapter 4. The history of the development of psychological knowledge
Chapter 5. The concept of personality.
Chapter 6 Need-motivational sphere of a person
Chapter 7. Mental cognitive processes
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Part II. Pedagogy
Chapter 10. Pedagogy in the system of human sciences
§ 1. General idea of pedagogy as a science
§2. Object, subject and functions of pedagogy
§ 3. Education as a social phenomenon
§four. Education as a pedagogical process. The conceptual apparatus of pedagogy
§5. The connection of pedagogy with other sciences and its structure
Chapter 11. Methodology and methods of pedagogical research
§ 1. The concept of the methodology of pedagogy and its levels
§ 2. Philosophical foundations of pedagogy
§3. General scientific level of methodology of pedagogy
§four. Specific methodological principles of pedagogical research
§ 5. Organization of pedagogical research
§6. System of methods and methodology of pedagogical research
Chapter 12
§2. Axiological approach in the study of pedagogical phenomena
§ 3. The concept of pedagogical values
§four. Classification of pedagogical values
§5. Education as a universal value
Chapter 13
§ 1. Personal development as a pedagogical problem
§2. The essence of socialization and its stages
§3. Education and personality formation
§four. The role of learning in personality development
§5. Factors of socialization and personality formation
§ 6. Self-education in the structure of the process of personality formation
Chapter 14
§ 1. The essence of the content of education and its historical character
§2. Theories of the formation of the content of education
§3. Factors that determine the formation of the content of education
§four. Principles and criteria for selecting the content of general education
§5. Normative documents regulating the content of general secondary education
Chapter 15
§ 1. Historical ideas about the pedagogical process as a holistic phenomenon
§ 2. The concept of the pedagogical system Types of pedagogical systems
§3. general characteristics education systems
§four. The essence of the pedagogical process
§ 5. The pedagogical process as a holistic phenomenon
Chapter 16
§ 1. The specificity of the manifestation of the laws of dialectics in pedagogy
§2. Laws and patterns of the pedagogical process
§3. The concept of the principles of the pedagogical process
§four. Principles of organization of the pedagogical process
§5. Principles of managing the activities of pupils
Chapter 17
§ 1. Features of the implementation of a holistic pedagogical process
§2. Classification of methods for implementing a holistic pedagogical process
§3. Methods for the formation of consciousness in a holistic pedagogical process
§four. Methods of organizing activities and forming the experience of social behavior of students
§5. Methods of stimulating and motivating the activities and behavior of students
§6. Methods for monitoring the effectiveness of the pedagogical process
§7. The relationship of methods for the implementation of the pedagogical process and the conditions for their optimal choice
Chapter 18
§ 1. The genesis of the goals of education
§2. The goal of education as a system of goals
§3. Comprehensive harmonious development of personality as the goal of education
§four. General and individual goals of education
Chapter 19
§ 1. Education as a specially organized activity to achieve the goals of education
§2. The essence of personality in the humanistic concept
§3. Education as a process of internalization of universal values
§four. Trends and principles of humanistic education
Chapter 20
§ 1. Philosophical and ideological training of a specialist
§2. Civic education in the system of formation of the basic culture of personality
§3. Formation of the foundations of the moral culture of the individual
§four. Labor education and professional orientation
§5. Formation aesthetic culture students
§6. Education of physical culture of students
Chapter 21
§ 1. Dialectics of the collective and the individual in the pedagogical process
§ 2. The formation of personality in a team is the leading idea in humanistic pedagogy
§3. The essence and organizational foundations of the functioning of the teaching and educational team
§four. Stages and levels of development of educational
§ 5. Basic conditions for the development of the team
1 M-t
Chapter 22
§ 1. Education as a way of organizing the pedagogical process
§2. Learning Functions
§3. Methodological foundations of training
§four. The activities of the teacher and students in the learning process
§5. Logics educational process and structure of the assimilation process
§6. Types of training and their characteristics
§7. Modern learning theories (didactic concepts)
Chapter 23
§ 1. The concept of the forms of organization of pedagogical
§2. General characteristics of the classroom system
§3. Lesson is the main form of organization of the pedagogical process
§four. Additional forms of organization of the pedagogical process
§5. Auxiliary forms of organization of the pedagogical process
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Part I. Psychology……………………………………………………………3

Harmonious development of personality

gr. - consonant) - the leading goal of the system of domestic education and upbringing, directing it to create conditions for a comprehensive, holistic, consistent development of the student's personality. The harmonious development of a personality is a coordinated, mutually conditioned development of spiritual, mental and physical strengths and abilities, it is the upbringing of a person who is able to live in harmony with himself, with nature, with society. Harmonization of personality includes the question of the unity of her way of life and the psychological style of life. Creating conditions for such development includes: material and technical base, educational and program documentation, textbooks, teaching methods, didactic tools, a teacher prepared to achieve this goal, etc. This goal is a humanistic tradition of Russian education and expresses its nationally oriented feature.

Raising a child is not an easy task. And to bring up a harmonious personality is the main goal of many mothers and fathers. But there is no clear recipe for this. Each child is an individual and requires an individual approach to education.

In the last decade, more and more parents are thinking about the intellectual development of their children. The popularity of various early development methods is growing. Increasingly, kids at 2-3 years old can read and count, a little older can freely use a smartphone or tablet, speak 2 languages. Being engaged in intellectual development, one should not forget about the spiritual. Going to theaters, exhibitions and just family walks in the park will have no less educational effect on the child.

Mom is the closest person to a child. It is she who has to teach the child to understand their emotions. To teach a little person to determine joy, anger, happiness, anxiety, fear, excitement. Discuss your emotions with your child more often, play role-playing games and soon the baby will begin to understand his own.

One of the main tasks of parents is to unite and connect all the components and achieve the harmonious development of the individual. A small child follows us, he absorbs all the surrounding information like a sponge and copies our behavior. At first, we choose books and cartoons for our child, sculpt and draw with him, choose sections and circles. But very soon the moment will come when the child will be able to determine for himself what attracts him more and choose his own path. Don't interfere with this. May he achieve harmony in his own understanding.

The birth of a child is not only a great happiness, but also a great responsibility for parents. After all, it depends on mom and dad how physically, mentally and emotionally developed their baby will grow. The job of parents is not to just stand by and watch their child grow. They need to try to help the baby so that he grows up as a versatile person. In our article, we will consider what the harmonious development of children is. We will definitely dwell on the methods and principles of education, talk about the need to create conditions for the comprehensive development of the child, present advice and recommendations from psychologists.

What is the harmonious development of a child's personality?

Raising children is a complex and responsible process. And the main goal, the so-called ideal, is the "creation" of a harmoniously developed personality. It’s just that it’s impossible to choose a single template that will suit a particular child, since every person, starting from the moment of his birth, is an individuality.

The harmonious development of the child's personality as a goal involves the upbringing of a comprehensively developed person: physically, psychologically, intellectually. All these aspects are equally important and complement each other in every possible way. It is impossible to achieve harmony as a whole if you do not pay enough attention to each component:

Physical development involves the development of the body. A healthy, strong and hardy person will easily perceive different energy flows.
Psychological development affects emotional sphere, soul. Starting from childhood, a person learns to master art, appreciate beauty, etc.
Intellectual development. During his life, a person must know the world and himself. The task of mom and dad is to help the child realize their mental abilities to the maximum.

Parents must combine all three components together and create all the necessary conditions for the comprehensive development of their child.

When to start raising a child?

Infancy is the first step on the path to harmonious development. Children absorb all the information like a sponge, so you should be engaged in their upbringing and the formation of intellectual abilities from birth - at three or five years old it may be too late. Scientists studying human potential have come to the conclusion that 1.5-2 years is optimal age to teach a child to read.

The generally accepted methods used today are not aimed at the harmonious development of the individual, but at educating a person who is convenient for society. They are based on literally driving knowledge into the child’s head, making him obedient to parents, polite to teachers, etc. At the same time, parents who want their baby to grow up harmoniously should not rely on kindergartens and schools. . It is necessary not to impose the responsibility for education on state structures, but to do it yourself. But the main thing is that you need to do this with love for your child.

General principles of harmonious development

When raising children, the following principles should be observed:

It is not necessary to instill in the child the idea that adults are smarter than children, just because they are older than them.
Not to teach children, but to arouse their interest in learning so that they can learn it themselves.
Do not force children to do anything without their desire, try not to use coercive measures in relation to them, except in cases where this cannot be avoided.
Adults should reckon with the choice of the child and agree with him only if he (the choice) is not capable of harming their health.
The process of obtaining knowledge is more important than the result.

For the all-round harmonious development of the child, it is important to devote enough time to the education of the soul. This concept includes art, communication with nature, knowledge of the laws of nature and the laws by which people live, the ability to love oneself and loved ones. In this regard, one should not rely too much on educational institutions. The best upbringing and development of a child can give him loving parents.

Education methods

In the process of harmonious development of children, the following methods of education are used:

Suggestion. The method involves the impact on the emotions, feelings of the child, and through them on his will and mind. As a result of suggestion or self-hypnosis, a person begins to worry about his actions, analyze them.
Belief. This method is based on the logical conclusions made by the child. Belief contributes to the formation of views or concepts. To implement the method, fables, excerpts from literary works, historical analogies are used.
An exercise. The purpose of this method is the formation of skills and habits as a result of repeated repetition of similar actions, bringing them to automatism.
promotion. The method is a positive assessment of the child's actions. This is approval, praise, gratitude, reward. Encouragement builds self-confidence and self-confidence.

When choosing one or another method of education, it is important to take into account the age of the child, his age and personality characteristics.

Harmony is the development of all aspects of human activity. Both the body and the soul must develop equally. If parents want their baby to be healthy, smart and cheerful, in the process of raising him they must pay attention to his harmonious physical development.

A child who receives feasible physical activity increases his functional capabilities. He learns to rationally use his internal energy reserves and manage to do much more than his peers. Simultaneously with physical activity, the development of intelligence occurs. It is not necessary (although it will only benefit) to send the child to sports sections. It is enough to replace them with daily exercises and active walks (with a bicycle, scooter, roller skates, etc.).

What is needed for the comprehensive development of a child of 1 year of life?

The baby, who is not even 12 months old, already has a huge potential for development. Therefore, the task of parents is to use it to the fullest. And for this they should follow some rules:

Create a developing atmosphere for the child. It's about not only about expensive and functional toys, but also about joint walks with the study of everything that surrounds the baby around: trees, insects, etc.
Carry the child in your arms. In the immediate vicinity of the mother, the baby feels safe, which means that he grows more psychologically stable and calm.
Talk a lot with the child. For the harmonious development of children in the family, it is important from birth to form a positive attitude towards the world in the child. It first happens through affectionate appeals to the crumb, and a little later through funny songs, jokes and jokes.
Do not compare your child with other children. Each kid has his own innate abilities, so you should not try to overtake someone in development and demand overwhelming results.

Conditions for the harmonious development of a preschool child

These conditions include:

From the age of nine, a child undergoes both physical and emotional changes. All feelings and emotions are manifested very violently. Adolescents become too irritable, take offense over trifles. You should know that such changes are quite natural for this age.

AT adolescence Difficulties may arise in communicating with peers and parents. During this period, it is important not to exert strong pressure on the child (especially by introducing a system of prohibitions), try to find with him mutual language. For the harmonious development of a teenager, it is necessary:

teach him to manage his emotions;
avoid categorical and maximalism;
think positively;
provide a balanced diet, sufficient time for sleep and rest;
control learning;
follow the daily routine.

Despite the workload, try to find time to communicate with the child, walk fresh air, outdoor recreation, physical education and sports.

Recommendations for the upbringing and harmonious development of the personality

The following tips from psychologists will be very useful for parents of children of any age:

Accept the child for who he is.
Do not assume that the child is his property.
Love your child, be honest with him and be patient with your baby.
Don't take parenting too seriously.
Respect your child.
Give the child freedom in his development and in choosing what he wants to do.

Using the very best modern techniques will be completely useless for the harmonious development of children in the absence of love and understanding from his parents.

On May 7, 2018, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin signed a decree “On the national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024”. In this document, in paragraph "5" on the field of education, it is stated that until 2024 it is necessary to ensure

achievement of the following goals and targets:

Ensuring the global competitiveness of Russian education, entry Russian Federation among the 10 leading countries in the world in terms of the quality of general education;

Education of a harmoniously developed and socially responsible personality based on the spiritual and moral values of the peoples of the Russian Federation, historical and national cultural traditions.

V.V. Putin especially highlights the fact that in six years Russia should enter the top ten countries in terms of the quality of general education, for this it is necessary to introduce new teaching methods, which will significantly expand the possibilities of distance education at all levels. Particular attention is paid to continuous professional development of teachers, which will undoubtedly improve the quality of education.

Creating a base for educating a harmoniously developed and socially responsible personality, based on spirituality and moral values, historical roots and national and cultural traditions of the peoples of the Russian Federation, is a logical continuation of further improving the quality of education.

At the present stage of development of education, spiritual and moral education is one of the most important tasks in the upbringing of the younger generation. The relevance of this task in modern Russia reflected in the Federal State Educational Standard preschool education.

The federal state educational standard for preschool education puts forward one of the fundamental principles preschool education"introducing children to socio-cultural norms, traditions of the family, society and the state."

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« Education of a harmoniously developed and socially responsible personality based on spiritual and moral values”

Prepared by: Vakurova V.V. senior educator MBDOU d / s 5 "Golden Cockerel" city of Manturovo, Kostroma region

achievement of the following goals and targets:

Ensuring the global competitiveness of Russian education, the entry of the Russian Federation into the top 10 countries in the world in terms of the quality of general education;

At the present stage of development of educationspiritual and moral education is one of the most important tasks in the education of the younger generation. The relevance of this task in modern Russia is reflected in the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education.

The federal state educational standard for preschool education puts forward one of the fundamental principles of preschool education "introducing children to sociocultural norms, traditions of the family, society and the state."

The standard is aimed at solving a number of problems, one of whichis: combining training and education into a holistic educational process based on spiritual, moral and socio-cultural values and rules and norms of behavior accepted in society in the interests of a person, family and society.

The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a Russian citizen was laid in the methodological basis for the development and implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education.

The concept defines:

The nature of the modern national educational ideal;

Goals and objectives of spiritual and moral development and education of children and youth;

The system of basic national values, on the basis of which the spiritual and moral consolidation of the multinational people of the Russian Federation is entrusted;

Basic socio-pedagogical conditions and principles of spiritual and moral development and education of students.

These set goals and objectives must be addressed from early and preschool age, in close cooperation with parents. Implementing social and communicative development through all types of children's activities.

The goals and objectives set can be realized through the following forms of educational activities:

Directly organized educational activities;

Project activity;

Master classes;

Creative associations of teachers;

Circle activities;

Leisure, entertainment;

Excursions; competitions, exhibitions.

The task of the teacher is to select from the mass of impressions received by the child, the most accessible to him: nature and the world of animals at home ( kindergarten, native land); labor of people, traditions, social events, etc.

Methods for the formation of spiritual and moral culture among preschoolers, according to N.V. Kosmacheva, are the most effective methods and methods in the process of formation of spiritual and moral culture among preschoolers are:

teaching, explanation, problem situation, a positive example, analysis and evaluation of moral and immoral acts;

A personal example of an adequate emotional response of the educator,illustrations (presentation for perception of a picture depicting people's emotions, schematic images of emotions, demonstration of moral cartoons, listening to music, a teacher's story about his feelings and experiences in moral and immoral situations, creating situations of emotional experience, etc.);

Incentive methods (approval, praise, trust, evaluation, encouragement, gratitude);

Braking methods (reprimand, warning). Particular attention deserves the involvement of children in solving problematic life situations involving moral choice, since it is this technique that opens up the opportunity for children to show moral behavior, to express moral feelings.

The game is the leading activity of preschool children. It is the game that is the fundamental source spiritual growth in preschool age. First of all, because only she is able to tear the child out of the shackles of everyday life. This is its colossal developing power. The game introduces children to a new "extraordinary" world - the world social relations people, their common senses.

In the upbringing of a harmoniously developed and socially responsible personalitya big role belongs not only to the preschool institution that the child attends, but also to the family.Values family life, assimilated by a child from the first years of life, are of enduring importance for a person at any age. Relationships in the family are projected onto relationships in society and form the basis of a person's civil behavior.

All educational work should be built on the basis of the unity of knowledge, beliefs and actions of the educator and parents. Of great importance is the example of adults: the educator, parents and other close people from the environment of the child. It is on positive episodes from the life of older family members that preschoolers form the concept of "what is good and what is bad." The educator needs to help parents realize that it is in the family that the moral and spiritual customs and values created by our grandfathers and great-grandfathers should be preserved and transmitted, and that, first of all, parents are the main ones responsible for raising their children.

Through the family, relatives, friends, natural environment and social environment, such concepts as “Fatherland”, “small motherland”, “native land”, “native language”, “my family and clan”, “my home” are filled with concrete content.

Preschool childhood is an important period in a child's life, when a sense of one's own abilities, the need for independent activity, basic ideas about the world around, good and evil in it, ideas about family life and native land. That is why at present it is extremely important to create a normally functioning system of spiritual and moral education in preschool institutions; a system built on the values of traditional spiritual culture that meets the needs of the development of the child's personality and is aimed at the development of a physically, mentally (mentally) and spiritually healthy person. The catchphrase "Everything starts from childhood" - is combined with this issue as well as possible. Thinking about the origins of moral feelings, we always turn to the impressions of childhood: this is the trembling of lace from young birch leaves, and native tunes, and the sunrise, and the murmur of spring streams. Education of the child's feelings from the first years of life is an important pedagogical task. A child is not born good or evil, moral or immoral. What moral qualities will develop in a child depends, first of all, on parents, teachers and adults around him, on how they raise him, what impressions they enrich. Spiritual and moral education is a long-term process, involving the internal change of each participant, which can be reflected not here and not now, in preschool childhood, but much later, which makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of ongoing activities, but does not reduce the significance of our work.

A. S. Makarenko wrote: "Our children are our old age. Proper upbringing is our happy old age, bad upbringing is our future grief, these are our tears, our guilt before other people, before the whole country." Family upbringing is the foundation. Everything else: kindergarten, school, institute, environment - additional polishing, no more.

The personal example of parents is the main condition for education. What the child sees every day in the family, he will definitely transfer to adulthood. Not all families fully realize the full range of opportunities to influence the child. The reasons are different: some families do not want to raise a child, others do not know how to do it, others do not understand why this is necessary. In all cases, qualified assistance from educational institutions is needed.

Bibliography:

Federal state educational standard for preschool education.
The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia (excerpts from the document).
Decree "On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024" (excerpts from the document).