Game "Kindergarten"

Two participants in the game are selected, the rest of the children are spectators. Participants are invited to act out the following situation - for the child in Kindergarten parents came. The child comes out to them with an expression of a certain emotional state. The audience must guess what state the participant in the game is depicting, the parents must find out what happened to their child, and the child must tell the reason for his condition.

Game "Artists"

Purpose: to develop the ability and express various emotions on paper.

The participants of the game are presented with five cards depicting children with different emotional states and feelings. You need to choose one card and draw a story in which the selected emotional state is the main plot. At the end of the work, an exhibition of drawings is held. Children guess who is the hero of the story, and the author of the work tells the depicted story.

The game "The Fourth Extra"

Purpose: development of attention, perception, memory, recognition of various emotions.

The teacher shows the children four pictograms emotional states. The child must highlight one condition that does not fit the others:

Joy, good nature, responsiveness, greed;

Sadness, resentment, guilt, joy;

Diligence, laziness, greed, envy;

Greed, anger, envy, responsiveness.

In another version of the game, the teacher reads out tasks without relying on picture material.

Be sad, upset, have fun, be sad;

Rejoices, has fun, admires, gets angry;

Joy, fun, happiness, anger;

The game "Who - where"

Purpose: to develop the ability to recognize various emotions.

The teacher exposes portraits of children with various expressions of emotional feelings, states. The child needs to choose those children who:

Can be planted for festive table;

Need to calm down, pick up;

offended the educator;

The child must explain his choice, naming the signs by which he understood the mood of each child depicted in the picture.

The game “What would happen if. »

Purpose: to develop the ability to recognize and express various emotions.

An adult shows the children a plot picture, the hero (s) of which is missing (yut) face (s). Children are invited to name what emotion they consider appropriate for this occasion and why. After that, the adult invites the children to change the emotion on the hero's face. What would happen if he became cheerful (sad, angry, etc.?

You can divide the children into groups according to the number of emotions and offer each group to play the situation. For example, one group comes up with and plays out a situation in which the characters are angry, the other - a situation in which the characters laugh.

Game "What happened? »

Purpose: to teach children to recognize various emotional states, to develop empathy.

The teacher exposes portraits of children with various expressions of emotional states and feelings. The participants in the game alternately choose any state, name it and come up with a reason why it arose: “Once I am very strong," because ... " For example, "Once I was very offended, because my friend .... »

Game "Expression of emotions"

Purpose: To develop the ability to express facial expressions of surprise, delight, fear, joy, sadness. To consolidate knowledge of Russian folk tales. Call in children positive emotions.

The teacher reads an excerpt from the Russian fairy tale "Baba Yaga":

“Baba Yaga rushed into the hut, saw that the girl had left, and let’s beat the cat and scold why he didn’t scratch out the girl’s eyes.”

Children express pity

An excerpt from the fairy tale "Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka":

“Alyonushka tied him with a silk belt and took him with her, but she herself was crying, crying bitterly ...”

Children express sadness (sadness).

The teacher reads out an excerpt from the fairy tale "Geese-swans":

“And they ran home, and then the father and mother came, they brought gifts.”

Children express their facial expressions - joy.

An excerpt from the fairy tale "The Snake Princess":

“The Cossack looked around, looked - a haystack was on fire, and a red maiden stood in the fire and said in a loud voice: - Cossack, kind person! Deliver me from death."

Children express surprise.

The teacher reads an excerpt from the fairy tale "Turnip":

"Pull - pull, pulled out a turnip."

The children are excited.

An excerpt from the fairy tale "The Wolf and the Seven Kids":

“The goats opened the door, the wolf rushed into the hut ...”

Children express fear.

An excerpt from the Russian folk tale"Tereshechka":

“The old man came out, saw Tereshechka, brought him to the old woman - a hug went on! »

Children express joy.

An excerpt from the Russian folk tale "Ryaba the Hen":

“The mouse ran, waved its tail, the testicle fell and broke. Grandfather and grandmother are crying.

Children express sadness with facial expressions.

At the end of the game, mark those children who were more emotional.

"Little Raccoon"

Purpose: to develop the ability to recognize and express various emotions.

One child is Little Raccoon, and the rest are his reflection (“The one that lives in the river.”) They sit freely on the carpet or stand in a line. The raccoon approaches the “river” and depicts different feelings (fear, interest, joy, and the children accurately reflect them with the help of gestures and facial expressions. Then other children alternately choose the role of the Raccoon. The game ends with the song “From a smile, everyone will become warmer.”

EMOTION ANGER

Anger, anger

Anger is one of the most important human emotions, and at the same time one of the most unpleasant.

An angry, aggressive child, a fighter and a bully is a great parental chagrin, a threat to the well-being of the children's team, a "thunderstorm" of the yards, but at the same time an unhappy creature that no one understands, does not want to caress and pity. Children's aggressiveness is a sign of internal emotional distress, a bunch of negative experiences, one of the inadequate methods of psychological protection. Therefore, our task is to help the child get rid of the accumulated anger by constructive methods, that is, we must teach the preschooler accessible ways of expressing anger that do not harm others.

Game "Tender Paws"

Purpose: relieving tension, muscle clamps, reducing aggressiveness, developing sensory perception.

Game progress: an adult picks up 6-7 small items of various textures: a piece of fur, a brush, a glass bottle, beads, cotton wool, etc. All this is laid out on the table. The child is invited to bare his arm to the elbow: the adult explains that the animal will walk on the arm and touch it with gentle paws. Need with eyes closed guess which animal touched the hand - guess the object. Touches should be stroking, pleasant.

Variant of the game: the "animal" will touch the cheek, knee, palm. You can switch places with your child.

Exercise "Evil".

Purpose: to develop the ability to recognize mi different emotions with the help of facial expressions and pantomime.

Children are invited to imagine that anger and anger have “infused” one of the children and turned him into Zlyuka. Children become in a circle, in the center of which stands Zlyuka. All together read a short poem:

There lived (a) - there was (a) a little (th) boy (girl).

A small (th) boy (girl) is angry (a) was (a).

The child playing the role of Zlyuka must convey the appropriate emotional state with the help of facial expressions and pantomimics (shifts his eyebrows, pouts his lips, waves his arms). When repeating the exercise, all children are invited to repeat the movements and facial expressions of an angry child.

Game "Magic bags"

Purpose: to relieve the psycho-stress of children.

Children are invited to put all negative emotions into the first magic bag: anger, anger, resentment, etc. You can even scream into the bag. After the children have spoken out, the bag is tied and hidden. Then the children are offered a second bag, from which children can take the positive emotions they want: joy, fun, kindness, etc.

Exercise "Finish the sentence"

Anger is when...

"I get angry when..."

Mom gets mad when...

The teacher gets angry when...

“Now let's close our eyes and find on the body a place where anger lives in you. What is this feeling? What color is it? There are glasses of water and paints in front of you, paint the water in the color of anger. Next, on the contour of a person, find the place where anger lives, and paint over this place with the color of anger.

Exercise “Go away, anger, go away! »

Goal: Removal of aggressiveness.

The players lie on the carpet in a circle. There are pillows between them. Closing their eyes, they begin with all their might to be with their feet on the floor, and with their hands on the pillows, with a loud cry of “Go away, anger, go away! » The exercise lasts 3 minutes, then the participants, at the command of an adult, lie down in the “star” position, spreading their legs and arms wide, lie quietly, listening to calm music, for another 3 minutes.

Emote of Surprise

Surprise is the shortest lasting emotion. Surprise comes suddenly. If you have time to think about the event and speculate about whether it surprised you or not, then you were not surprised. You cannot be surprised for long, unless the event that struck you opens up for you with its new unexpected facets. Surprise never stretches. When you stop experiencing surprise, it often disappears as quickly as it appeared.

Exercise "Finish the sentence."

Surprise is when...

"I'm surprised when..."

Mom is surprised when...

The teacher is surprised when...

Exercise "Mirror".

Invite the children to look in the mirror, imagine that something fabulous is reflected there, and be surprised. Draw the children's attention to the fact that each person is surprised in his own way, but, despite the difference, there is always something similar in expressions of surprise. Question:

What do you have in common with how you portrayed surprise?

Fantasy game.

Children are encouraged to continue amazing adventures:

An elephant has come to us.

We ended up on another planet.

All of the adults suddenly disappeared.

The wizard changed all the signs on the shops at night.

Etude Focus on the expression of surprise

The boy was very surprised: he saw how the magician put a cat in an empty suitcase and closed it, and when he opened the suitcase, the cat was not there. The dog jumped out of the suitcase.

Etude "The weather has changed".

Children are invited to imagine how suddenly, unexpectedly for everyone, the rain ended and the bright sun came out. And it happened so fast that even the sparrows were surprised.

Question:

What happened to you when you imagined such unexpected changes in the weather?

Emotion Fear

Fear

This is one of the first emotions that a newborn baby experiences; associated with a sense of danger. Already in the first months of life, the child begins to be frightened, first by sharp sounds, then by unfamiliar surroundings, strangers. As a child grows, their fears often grow with them. The more the knowledge of the baby expands, and the fantasy develops, the more he notices the dangers that lie in wait for each person. The line between normal, protective fear and pathological fear is often blurred, but in any case, fears prevent the child from living. They disturb him and can cause neurotic disorders, which manifest themselves in the form of tics, obsessive movements, enuresis, stuttering, bad sleep, irritability, aggressiveness, poor contact with others, lack of attention. This is not a complete list of unpleasant consequences that unsurmounted children's fear leads to.

Vulnerable, sensitive, overly proud children are especially susceptible to fear. The most common fears among preschoolers are the fear of the dark, nightmares, loneliness, fairy-tale hooligans, bandits, war, disasters, injections, pain, and doctors.

Adults, and first of all, parents, should help the child overcome the fears that have appeared.

Exercise "Dress the scarecrow."

Purpose: to give children the opportunity to work with the subject of fear.

The teacher prepares black and white drawings of a scary character in advance: Babu Yaga. He must "dress him" with plasticine. The child chooses plasticine of the color he needs, tears off a small piece and smears it inside the horror story. When the children “dress up” a horror story, they tell the group about it, what this character likes and dislikes, who is afraid of him, who is afraid of him?

Exercise "Draw scary."

Purpose: to help children in the manifestation of feelings in relation to the subject of fear.

The facilitator prepares in advance unfinished black and white drawings of a scary character: a skeleton ... He distributes it to the children and asks to finish it. Then the children show the drawings and tell stories about them.

Exercise "ABC of moods".

Purpose: to teach children to find a constructive way out of the situation, to feel the emotional state of their character.

“Look what pictures I brought you (cat, dog, frog). They all experience a sense of fear. Think and decide which of the characters you can show each of you. At the same time, it is necessary to say about what your hero is afraid of and what needs to be done so that his fear disappears.

Exercise "Competition boyusek."

Purpose: to give children the opportunity to actualize their fear of talking about it.

Children quickly pass the ball in a circle and finish the sentence: “Children are afraid ...”. Whoever can't come up with fear is out of the game. You can't repeat. At the end, the winner of the "boyusek" contest is determined.

Exercise "Fishermen and fish."

Purpose: removal of psychomuscular tension, fear of touch.

Choose two fish. The rest of the participants stand in pairs facing each other in two lines, take each other's hands - forming a "network". The host explains to the children that a small fish accidentally got into the net and really wants to get out. Rybka knows that this is dangerous, but freedom lies ahead of her. She should crawl on her stomach under clasped hands, which at the same time touch her on the back, lightly stroke, tickle. Crawling out of the net, the fish waits for its mate crawling after it, they join hands together and become a net.

The game "Bee in the dark"

Purpose: correction of fear of the dark, confined space, heights.

Game progress: the bee flew from flower to flower (children's benches, high chairs, cabinets of different heights, soft modules are used). When the bee flew to the very beautiful flower with large petals, she ate the nectar, drank the dew, and fell asleep inside the flower. A children's table or high chair is used (a stool under which a child climbs. Night fell imperceptibly, and the petals began to close (tables and chairs are covered with cloth). The bee woke up, opened her eyes and saw that it was dark around. Then she remembered that she had remained inside the flower and decided to sleep until the morning. The sun rose, the morning came (the matter was removed, and the bee again began to have fun, flying from flower to flower. The game can be repeated, increasing the density of the fabric, thereby increasing the degree of darkness. The game can be played with one child or with a group children.

Exercise "Cultivate your fear."

Purpose: correction of the emotion of fear.

Children, together with the teacher, figure out how to instill fear in order to make the horror story kind, add balloons to it, draw a smile, or make the horror story funny. If the child is afraid of the dark, draw a candle, etc.

Exercise "Trash can".

Goal: Removal of fears.

The host offers to tear the drawings of fears into small pieces and throw them in the trash, thereby getting rid of their fears.

Emotion Joy

Joy

The factor that reflects the emotional well-being of the child is the state of pleasure and joy. Joy is characterized as a pleasant, desirable, positive feeling. When experiencing this emotion, the child does not experience any psychological or physical discomfort, he is carefree, feels light and free, even his movements become easier, bringing him joy in themselves.

In childhood, the emotion of joy can be caused by well-defined types of stimulation. Its source for the child is daily communication with close adults who show attention and care, in playful interaction with parents and peers. The emotion of joy performs an important function in the formation of feelings of affection and mutual trust between people.

To get acquainted with the emotion of joy, various exercises are used.

Storytelling exercise.

Purpose: development of expressive movements, the ability to understand the emotional state of another person and adequately express one's own.

“Now I will tell you some stories and we will try to act them out like real actors.”

Story 1 " Good mood»

“Mom sent her son to the store: “Please buy cookies and sweets,” she said, “we will drink tea and go to the zoo.” The boy took the money from his mother and skipped to the store. He was in a very good mood."

Expressive movements: gait - a quick step, sometimes skipping, a smile.

Story 2 "Umka".

“Once upon a time there was a friendly bear family: father bear, mother bear and their little son Umka bear cub. Every evening mom and dad put Umka to bed. The bear gently hugged him and sang a lullaby with a smile, swaying to the beat of the melody. Dad stood nearby and smiled, and then, starting to sing a melody to mom.

Expressive movements: smile, smooth swaying.

Mirror game.

“Today we will try to meet our smile in the mirror. Take a mirror, smile, find her in the mirror and complete the sentence in turn: “When I am happy, my smile is like ...»

Etude "Meeting a friend"

The boy had a friend. But then summer came, and they had to part. The boy stayed in the city, and his friend went south with his parents. Bored in the city without a friend. A month has passed. One day a boy is walking down the street and suddenly sees his friend getting off the trolley bus at a bus stop. How happy they were for each other!

Exercise "Picture ..."

Purpose: to consolidate in children the knowledge gained about the feeling of joy. “Let’s play a game, I’ll call one of you by name, throw a ball to him and ask, for example, “... draw a happy bunny.”

The one of you whom I will name should catch the ball, depicting a bunny, says the following words: “I am a bunny. I rejoice when…”

Games for the development of the emotional sphere of preschoolers.

Emotions play an important role in children's lives, helping them perceive reality and respond to it. The child's emotions are a message to others about his condition.

Emotions and feelings, like other mental processes, go through a complex path of development throughout childhood.

For kids early age emotions are the motives of behavior, which explains their impulsiveness and instability. If the kids are upset, offended, angry or not satisfied, they begin to scream and sob inconsolably, knock their feet on the floor, fall. This strategy allows them to completely throw out all the physical tensions that have arisen in the body.

At preschool age, the development of social forms of expression of emotions takes place. Thanks to speech development, the emotions of preschoolers become conscious, they are an indicator of the general condition of the child, his mental and physical well-being.

The emotional system of preschool children is still immature, therefore, in adverse situations, they may experience inadequate emotional reactions, behavioral disorders, which are the result of low self-esteem, experienced feelings of resentment and anxiety. All of these feelings are normal human reactions, but it is difficult for children to express negative emotions properly. In addition, children at preschool age have problems in expressing emotions associated with the prohibitions of adults. This is a ban on loud laughter, a ban on tears (especially in boys), a ban on the expression of fear, aggression. A six-year-old child already knows how to be restrained and can hidefear, aggression and tears, but being in a state of resentment, anger, depression for a long time, the child experiences emotional discomfort, tension, and this is very harmful to the mental and physical health. An experience emotional attitude to the world, acquired at preschool age, according to psychologists, is very strong and takes on the character of an attitude.

Organized pedagogical work can enrich the emotional experience of children and significantly mitigate or even completely eliminate shortcomings in their personal development. preschool age- a fertile period for the organization of pedagogical work on the emotional development of children.The main task of such work is not to suppress and eradicate emotions, but to properly direct them. It is important for the teacher to specifically acquaint children with a kind of emotional primer, to teach them to use the language of emotions to express own feelings and experiences and for a better understanding of the state of other people, analyze the causes of various moods.

We bring to your attention some exercises, games that educators can use to develop the emotional sphere of preschool children.

Games and exercises aimed at getting to know the emotions of a person, understanding their emotions, as well as recognizing the emotional reactions of other children and developing the ability to adequately express their emotions.

1. The game "Pictograms".

Children are offered a set of cards that depict various emotions.
On the table are pictograms of various emotions. Each child takes a card for himself without showing it to the others. After that, the children take turns trying to show the emotions drawn on the cards. The audience, they have to guess what emotion they are being shown and explain how they determined what that emotion was. The teacher ensures that all children participate in the game.
This game will help determine how children are able to correctly express their emotions and "see" the emotions of other people.

2. Exercise "Mirror".
The teacher passes a mirror around and invites each child to look at himself, smile and say: "Hello, it's me!"

After completing the exercise, attention is drawn to the fact that when a person smiles, his mouth corners are directed upwards, his cheeks can prop up his eyes so that they turn into small slits.

If the child finds it difficult to address himself the first time, do not insist on this. In this case, it is better to immediately transfer the mirror to the next member of the group. Such a child also requires special attention from adults.
This exercise can be varied by inviting children to show sadness, surprise, fear, etc. Before performing, you can show the children a pictogram depicting a given emotion, paying attention to the position of the eyebrows, eyes, mouth.

3. The game "I rejoice when ..."
Teacher: “Now I will call one of you by name, throw him a ball and ask, for example, like this: “Sveta, tell us, please, when are you happy?”. The child catches the ball and says: “I am happy when ....”, then throws the ball to the next child and, calling him by name, in turn asks: “(child's name), please tell us when you are happy?”

This game can be diversified by inviting children to tell when they are upset, surprised, afraid. Such games can tell you about inner world child, about his relationship with both parents and peers.

four . An exercise "Music and Emotions".

P listening to a musical passage, the children describe the mood of the music, what it is: cheerful - sad, contented, angry, courageous - cowardly, festive - everyday, sincere - aloof, kind - tired, warm - cold, clear - gloomy. This exercise contributes not only to the development of understanding of the transmissionemotional state, but also the development of figurative thinking.

5. Exercise "Ways to improve mood."

It is proposed to discuss with the child how you can improve yourselfyour own mood, try to come up with as many of these ways as possible (smile at yourself in the mirror, try to laugh, remember something good, do a good deed to another, draw a picture for yourself).

6. The game "Magic bag".

Before this game, the child discusses what his mood is now, what he feels, maybe he is offended by someone. Then invite the child to put all negative emotions, anger, resentment, sadness into a magic bag. This pouch, with all the bad stuff in it, ties tight. You can use another "magic bag" from which the child can take the positive emotions that he wants. The game is aimed at understanding one's emotional state and liberation from negative emotions.

7 . Game "Loto of moods". For This game requires sets of pictures that depict animals with different facial expressions (for example, one set: a funny fish, a sad fish, an angry fish, etc.: the next set: a funny squirrel, a sad squirrel, an angry squirrel, etc.) . The number of sets corresponds to the number of children.

The facilitator shows the children a schematic representation of a particular emotion. The task of the children is to find in their set an animal with the same emotion.

8. The game "Name the similar."

The host calls the main emotion (or shows its schematic representation), the children remember the words that denote this emotion.

This game activates vocabulary with words for different emotions.

9. Exercise "My mood".

Children are invited to talk about their mood: it can be compared with some color, animal, condition, weather, etc.

10. The game "Broken phone".All participants in the game, except for two, "sleep". The host silently shows the first participant any emotion with the help of facial expressions or pantomime. The first participant, “waking up” the second player, conveys the emotion he saw, as he understood it, also without words. Then the second participant "wakes up" the third and gives him his version of what he saw. And so on until the last player in the game.

After that, the host asks all the participants in the game, starting with the last and ending with the first, about what emotion, in their opinion, they were shown. So you can find the link where the distortion occurred, or make sure that the “phone” was fully functional.

11. The game "What would happen if .."
An adult shows the children a plot picture, the hero (s) of which is missing (s) face (s). Children are invited to name what emotion they consider appropriate for this occasion and why. After that, the adult invites the children to change the emotion on the hero's face. What would happen if he became cheerful (sad, angry, etc.)?

Psycho-gymnastic exercises (etudes), aboutthe main goal of which is to master the skills of managing their emotional sphere: developing in children the ability to understand, be aware of their own and other people's emotions, express them correctly, and fully experience them.

1. New doll (study for the expression of joy).

The girl was given a new doll. She is happy, jumping merrily, spinning, playing with the doll.

2. Baba Yaga (a study on the expression of anger).
Baba Yaga caught Alyonushka, told her to light the stove in order to eat the girl later, and she herself fell asleep. I woke up, but Alyonushka wasn’t there - she ran away. Baba Yaga was angry that she was left without dinner. He runs around the hut, stomps his feet, swings his fists.

3. Focus (study for the expression of surprise).
The boy was very surprised: he saw how the magician put a cat in an empty suitcase and closed it, and when he opened the suitcase, the cat was not there. The dog jumped out of the suitcase.

4. Chanterelle eavesdrops (study for expression of interest).
The fox stands at the window of the hut in which the cat and the cockerel live, and overhears what they are talking about.

5. Salted tea (a study on the expression of disgust).
The boy watched TV while eating. He poured tea into a cup and, without looking, mistakenly added two tablespoons of salt instead of sugar. He stirred and took the first sip. What a disgusting taste!

6. New girl (a study on the expression of contempt).
came to the group new girl. She was in elegant dress, held in her hands beautiful doll and she had a big bow tied on her head. She considered herself the most beautiful, and the rest of the children - unworthy of her attention. She looked down on everyone, contemptuously pursing her lips ...

7. About Tanya (woe - joy).
Our Tanya is crying loudly:
I dropped a ball into the river (woe).
"Hush, Tanechka, don't cry -
The ball will not sink in the river!

8. Cinderella (study for the expression of sadness).

Cinderella returns from the ball very sad: she will not see the prince again, besides, she has lost her shoe ...

9. Alone at home (a study on the expression of fear).

The mother raccoon went to get food, the baby raccoon was left alone in the hole. It's dark all around, you can hear different rustles. Little raccoon is scared - what if someone attacks him, and mom does not have time to come to the rescue?

Games and exercises to relieve psycho-emotional stress.For the formation of emotional stability of the child, it is important to teach him to control his body. The ability to relax allows you to eliminate anxiety, agitation, stiffness, restores strength, increases energy.

1. "Tender palms."

Children sit in a circle one after another. They stroke their hands in front of the sitting child on the head, back, arms, lightly touching.

2. "Secrets".

Sew small bags of the same color. Pour various cereals into them, do not stuff tightly. Invite children experiencing emotional discomfort to guess what is in the bags? Children crumple the bags in their hands, switch to another activity, thus moving away from the negative state.

3 . The game "On the meadow".
Teacher: “Let's sit on the carpet, close our eyes and imagine that we are in a forest in a clearing. The sun is shining gently, the birds are singing, the trees are gently rustling. Our bodies are relaxed. We are warm and comfortable. Consider the flowers around you. What flower makes you feel happy? What colour is he?".
After a short pause, the teacher invites the children to open their eyes and tell if they managed to imagine a clearing, the sun, birdsong, how they felt during this exercise. Did they see a flower? What was he like? Children are invited to draw what they saw.

4. Exercise "Wonderful dream of a kitten."

Children lie in a circle on their backs, arms and legs freely extended, slightly apart, eyes closed.

Quiet, calm music is turned on, against which the host slowly says: “The little kitten was very tired, ran, played enough and lay down to rest, curled up in a ball. He has a magical dream: blue sky, bright sun, clear water, silvery fish, familiar faces, friends, familiar animals, mother says sweet words, a miracle happens. A wonderful dream, but it's time to wake up. The kitten opens its eyes, stretches, smiles. The facilitator asks the children about their dreams, what they saw, heard, felt, did a miracle happen?

Games for the development of the emotional sphere of preschoolers.

Emotions play an important role in children's lives, helping them perceive reality and respond to it. The child's emotions are a message to others about his condition.

Emotions and feelings, like other mental processes, go through a complex path of development throughout childhood.

For young children, emotions are the motives for behavior, which explains their impulsiveness and instability. If the kids are upset, offended, angry or not satisfied, they begin to scream and sob inconsolably, knock their feet on the floor, fall. This strategy allows them to completely throw out all the physical tensions that have arisen in the body.

At preschool age, the development of social forms of expression of emotions takes place. Thanks to speech development, the emotions of preschoolers become conscious, they are an indicator of the general condition of the child, his mental and physical well-being.

The emotional system of preschool children is still immature, therefore, in adverse situations, they may experience inadequate emotional reactions, behavioral disorders, which are the result of low self-esteem, experienced feelings of resentment and anxiety. All of these feelings are normal human reactions, but it is difficult for children to express negative emotions properly. In addition, children at preschool age have problems in expressing emotions associated with the prohibitions of adults. This is a ban on loud laughter, a ban on tears (especially in boys), a ban on the expression of fear, aggression. A six-year-old child already knows how to be restrained and can hide aggression and tears, but being in a state of resentment, anger, depression for a long time, the child experiences emotional discomfort, stress, and this is very harmful to mental and physical health. The experience of an emotional attitude to the world, acquired at preschool age, according to psychologists, is very strong and takes on the character of an attitude.

Organized pedagogical work can enrich the emotional experience of children and significantly mitigate or even completely eliminate shortcomings in their personal development. Preschool age is a fertile period for organizing pedagogical work on the emotional development of children. The main task of such work is not to suppress and eradicate emotions, but to properly direct them. It is important for the teacher to specifically acquaint children with a kind of emotional primer, to teach them to use the language of emotions to express their own feelings and experiences and to better understand the state of other people, to analyze the causes of various moods.

We bring to your attention some exercises, games that educators can use to develop the emotional sphere of preschool children.

Games and exercises aimed at getting to know the emotions of a person, understanding their emotions, as well as recognizing the emotional reactions of other children and developing the ability to adequately express their emotions.

1.Game "Pictograms".

Children are offered a set of cards that depict various emotions. On the table are pictograms of various emotions. Each child takes a card for himself without showing it to the others. After that, the children take turns trying to show the emotions drawn on the cards. The audience, they have to guess what emotion they are being shown and explain how they determined what that emotion was. The teacher ensures that all children participate in the game. This game will help determine how children are able to correctly express their emotions and "see" the emotions of other people.

2. Exercise "Mirror". The teacher passes a mirror around and invites each child to look at himself, smile and say: "Hello, it's me!"

After completing the exercise, attention is drawn to the fact that when a person smiles, his mouth corners are directed upwards, his cheeks can prop up his eyes so that they turn into small slits.

If the child finds it difficult to address himself the first time, do not insist on this. In this case, it is better to immediately transfer the mirror to the next member of the group. Such a child also requires special attention from adults. This exercise can be varied by inviting children to show sadness, surprise, fear, etc. Before performing, you can show the children a pictogram depicting a given emotion, paying attention to the position of the eyebrows, eyes, mouth.

3. The game "I am happy when ..." Teacher: “Now I will call one of you by name, throw him a ball and ask, for example, like this: “Sveta, tell us, please, when are you happy?”. The child catches the ball and says: “I am happy when ....”, then throws the ball to the next child and, calling him by name, in turn asks: “(child's name), please tell us when you are happy?”

This game can be diversified by inviting children to tell when they are upset, surprised, afraid. Such games can tell you about the inner world of the child, about his relationship with both parents and peers.

4 . An exercise"Music and Emotions".

After listening to a musical passage, the children describe the mood of the music, what it is: cheerful - sad, contented, angry, courageous - cowardly, festive - everyday, sincere - aloof, kind - tired, warm - cold, clear - gloomy. This exercise contributes not only to the development of an understanding of the transmission of an emotional state, but also to the development of figurative thinking.

5. Exercise "Ways to improve mood."

It is proposed to discuss with the child how you can improve your own mood, try to come up with as many of these ways as possible (smile at yourself in the mirror, try to laugh, remember something good, do a good deed to another, draw a picture for yourself).

6. The game "Magic bag".

Before this game, the child discusses what his mood is now, what he feels, maybe he is offended by someone. Then invite the child to put all negative emotions, anger, resentment, sadness into a magic bag. This pouch, with all the bad stuff in it, ties tight. You can use another "magic bag" from which the child can take the positive emotions that he wants. The game is aimed at understanding one's emotional state and liberation from negative emotions.

7 . Game "Loto of moods". To play this game, you need sets of pictures that depict animals with different facial expressions (for example, one set: a funny fish, a sad fish, an angry fish, etc.: the next set: a funny squirrel, a sad squirrel, an angry squirrel, etc. .). The number of sets corresponds to the number of children.

The facilitator shows the children a schematic representation of a particular emotion. The task of the children is to find an animal with the same emotion in their set.

8. The game "Name the similar."

The host calls the main emotion (or shows its schematic representation), the children remember the words that denote this emotion.

This game activates vocabulary with words for different emotions.

9. Exercise "My mood".

Children are invited to talk about their mood: it can be compared with some color, animal, condition, weather, etc.

10. The game "Broken phone". All participants in the game, except for two, "sleep". The host silently shows the first participant any emotion with the help of facial expressions or pantomime. The first participant, “waking up” the second player, conveys the emotion he saw, as he understood it, also without words. Then the second participant "wakes up" the third and gives him his version of what he saw. And so on until the last player in the game.

After that, the host asks all the participants in the game, starting with the last and ending with the first, about what emotion, in their opinion, they were shown. So you can find the link where the distortion occurred, or make sure that the “phone” was fully functional.

11. The game "What would happen if." An adult shows the children a plot picture, the hero (s) of which is missing (s) face (s). Children are invited to name what emotion they consider appropriate for this occasion and why. After that, the adult invites the children to change the emotion on the hero's face. What would happen if he became cheerful (sad, angry, etc.)?

Psycho-gymnastic exercises (etudes), about the main goal of which is to master the skills of managing their emotional sphere: developing in children the ability to understand, be aware of their own and other people's emotions, express them correctly, and fully experience them.

1. New doll (study for the expression of joy).

The girl was given a new doll. She is happy, jumping merrily, spinning, playing with the doll.

2. Baba Yaga (a study on the expression of anger). Baba Yaga caught Alyonushka, told her to light the stove in order to eat the girl later, and she herself fell asleep. I woke up, but Alyonushka wasn’t there - she ran away. Baba Yaga was angry that she was left without dinner. He runs around the hut, stomps his feet, swings his fists.

3. Focus (study for the expression of surprise). The boy was very surprised: he saw how the magician put a cat in an empty suitcase and closed it, and when he opened the suitcase, the cat was not there. The dog jumped out of the suitcase.

4. Chanterelle eavesdrops (study for expression of interest). The fox stands at the window of the hut in which the cat and the cockerel live, and overhears what they are talking about.

5. Salted tea (a study on the expression of disgust). The boy watched TV while eating. He poured tea into a cup and, without looking, mistakenly added two tablespoons of salt instead of sugar. He stirred and took the first sip. What a disgusting taste!

6. New girl (a study on the expression of contempt). A new girl has joined the group. She was in a smart dress, she held a beautiful doll in her hands, and a large bow was tied on her head. She considered herself the most beautiful, and the rest of the children - unworthy of her attention. She looked down on everyone, contemptuously pursing her lips.

7. About Tanya (woe - joy). Our Tanya is crying loudly: She dropped a ball into the river (woe). "Hush, Tanechka, don't cry - The ball won't sink in the river!"

8. Cinderella (study for the expression of sadness).

Cinderella returns from the ball very sad: she will not see the prince again, besides, she has lost her shoe ...

9. Alone at home (a study on the expression of fear).

The mother raccoon went to get food, the baby raccoon was left alone in the hole. It's dark all around, you can hear different rustles. Little raccoon is scared - what if someone attacks him, and mom does not have time to come to the rescue?

Games and exercises to relieve psycho-emotional stress. For the formation of emotional stability of the child, it is important to teach him to control his body. The ability to relax allows you to eliminate anxiety, agitation, stiffness, restores strength, increases energy.

1. "Tender palms."

Children sit in a circle one after another. They stroke their hands in front of the sitting child on the head, back, arms, lightly touching.

2. "Secrets".

Sew small bags of the same color. Pour various cereals into them, do not stuff tightly. Invite children experiencing emotional discomfort to guess what is in the bags? Children crumple the bags in their hands, switch to another activity, thus moving away from the negative state.

3. The game "On the meadow". Teacher: “Let's sit on the carpet, close our eyes and imagine that we are in a forest in a clearing. The sun is shining gently, the birds are singing, the trees are gently rustling. Our bodies are relaxed. We are warm and comfortable. Consider the flowers around you. What flower makes you feel happy? What colour is he?". After a short pause, the teacher invites the children to open their eyes and tell if they managed to imagine a clearing, the sun, birdsong, how they felt during this exercise. Did they see a flower? What was he like? Children are invited to draw what they saw.

4. Exercise "Wonderful dream of a kitten."

Children lie in a circle on their backs, arms and legs freely extended, slightly apart, eyes closed.

Quiet, calm music is turned on, against which the host slowly says: “The little kitten was very tired, ran, played enough and lay down to rest, curled up in a ball. He has a magical dream: blue sky, bright sun, clear water, silvery fish, familiar faces, friends, familiar animals, mother says kind words, a miracle happens. A wonderful dream, but it's time to wake up. The kitten opens its eyes, stretches, smiles. The facilitator asks the children about their dreams, what they saw, heard, felt, did a miracle happen?

Magic game library

The game "Stand up all those who ..." (from 5 years old)

Purpose: the exercise is aimed at developing attention, observation, as well as the continuation of group acquaintance.

Course of the exercise: The leader gives the task: "Stand up all those who ...

Likes to run - enjoys the good weather,

It has younger sister, - likes to give flowers, etc.

If desired, the role of the leader can be played by children. After completing the exercise, the children are asked questions summing up the game:

Now we will see who in our group turned out to be the most attentive. Which of the guys remembered who in our group likes sweets? Who has a younger sister? etc.

Then the questions become more complex (include two variables):

Who in our group likes sweets and has a younger sister? Each question is addressed to a specific child, if he cannot answer himself, the group helps him.

The game "The sea is worried" (game modification)

Purpose: to train children in expression using facial expressions and postures of given emotional states.

Course of the exercise: Children move freely around the room and, at the signal of the host, “The sea worries once, the sea worries two, the sea worries three, the figure ... freeze.” Children use facial expressions to express emotion.

The game "Teasers with snowballs."

Goal: reducing psycho-emotional stress, encouraging compliance with certain rules.

Equipment: cotton balls, bell.

Course of the exercise: Children throw snowballs at each other, while calling names of products. At the signal of the host, snowballs are collected in a box. The psychologist stipulates the rule that you can only throw on the legs, back, stomach. You can not throw in the head and in the face.

Game "Guess the emotion"

Goal: development of the emotional sphere.

Equipment: a schematic representation of emotions.

Course of the exercise: A schematic representation of emotions is laid out on the table with the picture down. Children take turns taking any card without showing it to the others. The task of the child is to recognize the emotion, mood according to the scheme and depict it with the help of facial expressions, pantomime, voice intonations. At first, an adult can suggest possible situations to the child, but we must strive to ensure that the child himself comes up with (remembers) the situation in which the emotion arises.

The rest of the children - the audience must guess what emotion the child is experiencing, what is happening in his scene.

Game "My Feelings"

Purpose: to expand the experience of children in establishing a connection between the perception of sensory information and the emotions that accompany it.

Equipment: a selection of music with different emotions.

Course of the exercise: Children listen to a piece of music with their eyes closed. Then the children name the experienced emotions at the time of listening.

Psycho-emotional development is an important factor influencing adaptation in society. If you want your child to be able to suppress negative emotions, coped with fears and worries - play the right games with him.

I do not think so

One of the hardest moments in communication is when someone disagrees with your point of view. Play with the child together (or in the company of children, dividing them into pairs) in such a game. The first interlocutor asks a simple question: for example, “What is your favorite food?” The child answers. Then the first one says: “Fu, this is tasteless and, moreover, not healthy. You'd better eat something else."

The task of the child is to defend his opinion, to explain in detail why he considers this dish tasty and healthy.

Important! Make sure that there is no conflict and that the interlocutors do not become personal.

Boomerang

“Do unto others as you would like them to do unto you” is what they say for a reason! Let the children feel it for themselves in the game. The adult facilitator invites the players to give him various tasks, whatever they want. Some of the kids will limit themselves to modest ideas, and someone will probably want to play a trick on the host: for example, ask him to jump like a monkey or crawl under the table.

After that, the host says: "Now do what you came up with yourself." Unsurprisingly, pranksters will have the hardest time completing the task.

Important! Let him say no if the child is completely embarrassed, but then let him tell in detail about his feelings and explain why he did not want to behave this way.

Emotional Reading

One of the important skills is to understand what feelings and emotions drive people. This contributes not only to tolerance, but also to the rapid establishment of relations with others. Play emotional reading with your child. Start reading any book and, stopping after each paragraph, ask young listeners to complete the story with a description of the characters' experiences. If there are a lot of kids, it will be even more interesting: perhaps opinions will differ, and everyone will see something different in the plot. And if the kid still cannot compose a sequel himself, complete the plot yourself.

Example: Grandfather planted a turnip. A large turnip has grown. Grandfather began to pull a turnip from the ground. Pulls, pulls, can't pull. The grandfather spat, got upset, sat down on the mound. It was a shame for the old man that his strength was not the same, because in his youth he would have pulled this turnip out in a second. “I’ll plant a radish next year,” my grandfather thinks, “I’ll definitely stretch it out.” And who to call for help? The grandfather called the grandmother for help. Grandfather is embarrassed that he has to turn to a woman, but there is nothing to do: he called his grandmother. And so on.

Balloon

It often happens that emotions overwhelm us, and it seems to us that we are about to burst. Play this situation. Ask the child to inflate Balloon, and then blow the air out of the balloon into your mouth so that your cheeks are stretched, as if they are about to burst. Now let him slowly "deflate" and feel relieved.

Important! Do not forget to explain to the baby how this will help him in life. When he is very angry or offended, ready to hit or burst into tears, he can take in a lot of air and let it out slowly, as if "letting off steam." Firstly, this will make it easier physically, and secondly, during the exercise, acute emotions will recede.

friendly shoulder

Trust is a key factor in establishing close and emotionally fulfilling relationships. This game is a great test of confidence. Ask your child to stand on a chair, stool or bed with their back to you and fall back. Of course you will pick it up. Does the little one trust you enough to not be afraid? Important! This game should not be played with children under 4-5 years old - they have not yet developed a sense of fear, and this experience will not be useful for them. In addition, they can continue the exercises at any time when no one will catch them. Catch small players yourself, and when playing with teenagers, you can already ask a group of children to catch one by one, weaving a kind of net from their hands.

I'm over it!

A more serious game for schoolchildren, which helps to understand that you can get out of any situation and it is not necessary to endure until victory. The players sit in a circle, and one of them (the "victim") sits in the center of the circle. Next, ask the children to take turns saying something to the “victim”—praise, confess their love, blame something, ask questions. At any moment, the "victim" has the right not to stand the attention, to say "I've had enough!" and get out of the circle.

Important! Warn the children that this is not a competition to see who can last the longest, but an exercise that will be useful to them in life, will help them to know themselves and experience interesting emotions. If you doubt that the players will ask decent questions and will not insult, give them pieces of paper with pre-prepared remarks.

What is an emotion?

A game that even the smallest will enjoy is a kind of pantomime. Depict different emotions with facial expressions, gestures and postures and invite the children to guess what it is. When the kids begin to excel at recognition, let them try to be the leader themselves and portray emotions so that others guess.

Important! Choose the range of emotions according to the age of the players. A three-year-old is unlikely to recognize a philosophical mood or confusion, and a schoolboy will be bored guessing about joy and anger.

compliments

The ability to praise from the heart is another important life skill. This great game will not only develop it, but will also be a great end to any exercise cycle and a way to cheer everyone up. Children sit in a circle, the first player compliments his neighbor on the right. He should thank him and praise his right neighbor, and so on until the circle closes.

Important! It can be difficult for young children to give compliments, so it is useful for them to help, suggest. “It seems that Vera has a very beautiful eyes. Will you tell her about it?" “Remember, Maxim tied his shoelaces today? Praise him for it." It is worth remembering that most games for the development of the emotional sphere, although more effective in a group, can also be adapted for a narrow circle - a family or even a mother with a child. After all, emotions have a place everywhere and always, no matter how many people are around.