The next chapter written by Nekrasov - "Peasant Woman"- also seems to be a clear deviation from the scheme outlined in the Prologue: the wanderers are again trying to find a happy one among the peasants. As in other chapters, the opening plays an important role. He, as in the "Last Child", becomes the antithesis of further narration, allows you to discover all the new contradictions of "mysterious Russia". The chapter begins with a description of the ruined landowner's estate: after the reform, the owners abandoned the estate and the courtyards to the mercy of fate, and the courtyards ruin and break down a beautiful house, a once well-groomed garden and park. The funny and tragic sides of the life of the abandoned household are closely intertwined in the description. Yards are a special peasant type. Torn out of their familiar environment, they lose the skills of peasant life, and the main among them is the “noble habit of work”. Forgotten by the landowner and unable to feed themselves by labor, they live by plundering and selling the owner's belongings, heating the house, breaking arbors and chiseled balcony columns. But there are also genuinely dramatic moments in this description: for example, the story of a singer with a rare beautiful voice. The landlords took him out of Little Russia, they were going to send him to Italy, but they forgot, busy with their troubles.

Against the background of the tragicomic crowd of ragged and hungry courtyards, “whining domestics”, the “healthy, singing crowd of reapers and reapers” seems even more “beautiful”, returning from the field. But even among these stately and beautiful people, Matrena Timofeevna, "famed" by the "governor" and "lucky". The story of her life, told by herself, is central to the story. Dedicating this chapter to a peasant woman, Nekrasov, I think, not only wanted to open the soul and heart of a Russian woman to the reader. The world of a woman is a family, and telling about herself, Matrena Timofeevna tells about those aspects of folk life that have so far been only indirectly touched upon in the poem. But it is they who determine the happiness and unhappiness of a woman: love, family, life.

Matrena Timofeevna does not recognize herself as happy, just as she does not recognize any of the women as happy. But she knew short-lived happiness in her life. The happiness of Matryona Timofeevna is a girl's will, parental love and care. Her girlish life was not carefree and easy: from childhood, from the age of seven, she performed peasant work:

I was lucky in the girls:
We had a good
Non-drinking family.
For father, for mother,
Like Christ in the bosom,
I lived, well done.<...>
And on the seventh for a burushka
I myself ran into the herd,
I wore my father for breakfast,
Grazed the ducklings.
Then mushrooms and berries,
Then: "Take a rake
Yes, hay!
So I got used to it...
And a good worker
And sing and dance the huntress
I was young.

"Happiness" she calls last days girl's life, when her fate was being decided, when she "bargained" with her future husband - argued with him, "bargained" her will in married life:

- You become, good fellow,
Straight against me<...>
Think, dare:
To live with me - do not repent,
And I don't cry with you...<...>
While we were trading
Must be what I think
Then there was happiness.
And hardly ever again!

Her married life is indeed full of tragic events: the death of a child, a cruel flogging, a punishment she voluntarily accepted in order to save her son, a threat to remain a soldier. At the same time, Nekrasov shows that the source of Matryona Timofeevna’s misfortunes is not only “strengthen”, the disenfranchised position of a serf woman, but also the disenfranchised position of the younger daughter-in-law in a large peasant family. The injustice that triumphs in large peasant families, the perception of a person primarily as a worker, the non-recognition of his desires, his "will" - all these problems are opened by the story-confession of Matryona Timofeevna. A loving wife and mother, she is doomed to an unhappy and powerless life: to please her husband's family and unfair reproaches of the elders in the family. That is why, even having freed herself from serfdom, having become free, she will grieve for the absence of a "volition", and hence happiness: "The keys to the happiness of a woman, / From our free will / Abandoned, lost / God Himself." And she speaks at the same time not only about herself, but about all women.

This disbelief in the possibility of a woman's happiness is shared by the author. It is no coincidence that Nekrasov excludes from the final text of the chapter the lines about how happily the difficult situation of Matryona Timofeevna in her husband's family changed after returning from the governor's wife: in the text there is no story either that she became a "big woman" in the house, or that she “conquered” the “grumpy, quarrelsome” family of her husband. Only lines remained that the husband's family, recognizing her participation in saving Philip from the soldiery, "bowed" to her and "obeyed" to her. But the chapter of the “Woman's Parable” ends, asserting the inevitability of bondage-misfortune for a woman even after the abolition of serfdom: “But to our female will / There are no and no keys!<...>/ Yes, they are unlikely to be found ... "

The researchers noted Nekrasov's idea: creating image of Matrena Timofeevna y, he aspired to the widest generalization: her fate becomes a symbol of the fate of every Russian woman. The author carefully, thoughtfully chooses the episodes of her life, “guiding” his heroine along the path that any Russian woman takes: a short carefree childhood, labor skills instilled from childhood, girlish will and a long disenfranchised position married woman, workers in the field and in the house. Matrena Timofeevna experiences all possible dramatic and tragic situations that fall to the lot of a peasant woman: humiliation in her husband's family, beatings of her husband, death of a child, harassment by a manager, flogging and even - albeit not for long - the share of a soldier's wife. “The image of Matryona Timofeevna was created in this way,” writes N.N. Skatov, - that she seemed to have experienced everything and been in all the states that a Russian woman could be in. The folk songs and laments included in Matrena Timofeevna’s story, most often “replacing” her own words, her own story, further expand the narrative, allowing one to comprehend both the happiness and misfortune of one peasant woman as a story about the fate of a serf woman.

In general, the story of this woman depicts life according to God's laws, "divinely," as Nekrasov's heroes say:

<...>I endure and do not grumble!
All the power given by God
I believe in work
All in children love!

And the more terrible and unfair are the misfortunes and humiliations that have fallen to her lot. "<...>In me / There is no unbroken bone, / There is no unstretched vein, / There is no uncorrupted blood<...>"- this is not a complaint, but the true result of what Matryona Timofeevna experienced. deep meaning this life - love for children - Nekrasov also affirms with the help of parallels from the natural world: the story of the death of Dyomushka is preceded by a cry about a nightingale, whose chicks burned down on a tree lit by a thunderstorm. The chapter that tells about the punishment accepted in order to save another son - Philip from whipping, is called "The She-Wolf". And here the hungry she-wolf, ready to sacrifice her life for the cubs, appears as a parallel to the fate of a peasant woman who lay down under the rod to free her son from punishment.

The central place in the chapter "Peasant Woman" is occupied by the story of Savely, Holy Russian bogatyr. Why is Matryona Timofeevna entrusted with the story of the fate of the Russian peasant, the “hero of Holy Russia”, his life and death? It seems that this is largely because it is important for Nekrasov to show the “hero” Savely Korchagin not only in his opposition to Shalashnikov and the manager Vogel, but also in the family, in everyday life. His big family“Grandfather” Saveliy is a pure and holy person, he was needed as long as he had money: “As long as there was money, / They loved grandfather, groomed, / Now they spit in the eyes!” Savely's inner loneliness in the family enhances the drama of his fate and at the same time, like the fate of Matrena Timofeevna, gives the reader an opportunity to learn about the everyday life of the people.

But it is no less important that the “story within a story”, connecting two destinies, shows the relationship of two outstanding people, who for the author himself were the embodiment of an ideal folk type. It is the story of Matrena Timofeevna about Savely that allows us to emphasize what brought together in general different people: not only a powerless position in the Korchagin family, but also a common character. Matryona Timofeevna, whose whole life is filled with only love, and Savely Korchagin, whom hard life has made “stone”, “fierce than the beast”, are similar in the main thing: their “angry heart”, their understanding of happiness as “will”, as spiritual independence.

Matrena Timofeevna does not accidentally consider Savely lucky. Her words about “grandfather”: “He was also lucky ...” is not a bitter irony, because in Savely’s life, full of suffering and trials, there was something that Matryona Timofeevna herself values ​​\u200b\u200bhighest of all - moral dignity, spiritual freedom. Being a "slave" of the landowner according to the law, Savely did not know spiritual slavery.

Savely, according to Matryona Timofeevna, called his youth "prosperity", although he experienced many insults, humiliations, and punishments. Why does he consider the past "good times"? Yes, because, fenced off by “swampy swamps” and “dense forests” from their landowner Shalashnikov, the inhabitants of Korezhina felt free:

We were only concerned
Bears ... yes with bears
We got along easily.
With a knife and with a horn
I myself am scarier than the elk,
Along the reserved paths
I go: "My forest!" - I scream.

"Prosperity" was not overshadowed by the annual flogging, which Shalashnikov arranged for his peasants, knocking out quitrents with rods. But the peasants - "proud people", having endured the flogging and pretending to be beggars, they knew how to save their money and, in turn, "amused" over the master, who was unable to take the money:

Weak people gave up
And the strong for the patrimony
They stood well.
I also endured
He hesitated, thinking:
"Whatever you do, son of a dog,
And you won't knock out your whole soul,
leave something"<...>
But we lived as merchants ...

The “happiness” that Savely speaks of is, of course, illusory, it is a year of free life without a landowner and the ability to “endure”, endure during the spanking and keep the money earned. But other "happiness" to the peasant could not be released. And yet, Koryozhina soon lost even such “happiness”: “penal servitude” began for the peasants when Vogel was appointed manager: “I ruined it to the skin! / And he fought ... like Shalashnikov himself! /<...>/ The German has a dead grip: / Until he lets him go around the world, / Without leaving, he sucks!

Savely glorifies non-patience as such. Not everything can and should be endured by the peasant. Saveliy clearly distinguishes the ability to "underbear" and "endure". To not endure means to succumb to pain, not to bear the pain, and to submit morally to the landowner. To endure means to lose dignity and to accept humiliation and injustice. Both that and another - does the person "slave".

But Savely Korchagin, like no one else, understands the whole tragedy of eternal patience. With him, an extremely important thought enters the narrative: about the wasted strength of the peasant hero. Savely not only glorifies the Russian heroism, but also mourns for this hero, humiliated and mutilated:

And so we endured
That we are rich.
That is Russian bogatyrdom.
Do you think, Matryonushka,
The man is not a hero?
And his life is not military,
And death is not written for him
In battle - a hero!

The peasantry in his reflections appears as a fabulous hero, chained and humiliated. This hero is more than heaven and earth. A truly cosmic image appears in his words:

Hands twisted with chains
Legs forged with iron
Back ... dense forests
Passed on it - broke.
And the chest? Elijah the prophet
On it rattles-rides
On a chariot of fire...
The hero suffers everything!

The hero holds the sky, but this work costs him great torment: “For the time being, a terrible thrust / He lifted something, / Yes, he himself went into the ground up to his chest / With an effort! On his face / Not tears - blood flows! But is there any point in this great patience? It is no coincidence that Savely is disturbed by the thought of a life gone in vain, a gift of wasted strength: “I was lying on the stove; / Lie down, thinking: / Where are you, strength, gone? / What were you good for? / - Under rods, under sticks / She left for trifles! And these bitter words are not only the result of one's own life: they are sorrow for the ruined people's strength.

But the author's task is not only to show the tragedy of the Russian hero, whose strength and pride "went away over trifles." It is no coincidence that at the end of the story about Savely, the name of Susanin appears - a hero-peasant: the monument to Susanin in the center of Kostroma reminded Matryona Timofeevna of "grandfather". Saveliy's ability to maintain freedom of spirit, spiritual independence even in slavery, not to submit to the soul - this is also heroism. It is important to emphasize this feature of the comparison. As N.N. Skatov, the monument to Susanin in the story of Matryona Timofeevna does not look like a real one. “A real monument created by the sculptor V.M. Demut-Malinovsky, the researcher writes, turned out to be more of a monument to the tsar than to Ivan Susanin, who was depicted kneeling near a column with a bust of the tsar. Nekrasov not only kept silent about the fact that the peasant was on his knees. In comparison with the rebel Savely, the image of the Kostroma peasant Susanin received for the first time in Russian art a peculiar, essentially anti-monarchist understanding. At the same time, the comparison with Ivan Susanin, the hero of Russian history, put the final touch on the monumental figure of the Korezh bogatyr, Holy Russian peasant Saveliy.

Composition on the topic: Matrena Timofeevna. Composition: Who lives well in Russia

M.T. - “A portly woman, Broad and dense, 38 years old. Beautiful; hair with gray hair, Big strict eyes, Eyelashes of the richest, Harsh and swarthy.

Among the people about M.T. the glory of the lucky woman is coming. She tells the strangers who come to her about her life. Her story is told in the form of folk laments and songs. This emphasizes the typical fate of M.T. for all Russian peasant women: "It's not a matter of looking for a happy woman among women."

AT parental home M.T. life was good: she had a friendly non-drinking family. But, having married Philip Korchagin, she ended up "from a girl's will to hell." The youngest in her husband's family, she worked for everyone like a slave. The husband loved M.T., but often went to work and could not protect his wife. The heroine had one intercessor - grandfather Savely, her husband's grandfather. M.T. she has seen a lot of grief in her lifetime: she endured the harassment of the manager, survived the death of the first-born Demushka, who, due to Savely's oversight, was bitten by pigs. M.T. failed to retrieve the son's body and he was sent for an autopsy. Later, another son of the heroine, 8-year-old Fedot, was threatened with a terrible punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a hungry she-wolf. Mother, without hesitation, lay down under the rod instead of her son. But in a lean year, M.T., pregnant and with children, is likened to a hungry she-wolf herself. In addition, the last breadwinner is taken away from her family - her husband is shaved into soldiers out of turn. In desperation, M.T. runs into the city and throws himself at the feet of the governor's wife. She helps the heroine and even becomes the godmother of the born son M.T. - Liodora. But the evil fate continued to haunt the heroine: one of the sons was taken to the soldiers, "they burned twice ... God anthrax ... visited three times." In the "Woman's Parable" M.T. sums up his sad story: “The keys to female happiness, From our free will, Abandoned, lost From God himself!”

The image of Matryona Timofeevna (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Russia”)

The image of a simple Russian peasant woman Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly bright and realistic. In this image, Nekrasov combined all the features and qualities characteristic of Russian peasant women. And the fate of Matrena Timofeevna is in many ways similar to the fate of other women.

Matrena Timofeevna was born into a large peasant family. The very first years of life were truly happy. All her life, Matryona Timofeevna remembers this carefree time, when she was surrounded by the love and care of her parents. But peasant children grow up very quickly. Therefore, as soon as the girl grew up, she began to help her parents in everything. Gradually, the games were forgotten, there was less and less time for them, and hard peasant work took the first place. But youth still takes its toll, and even after a hard labor day the girl found time to relax.

Matrena Timofeevna recalls her youth. She was pretty, hardworking, active. It's no wonder the boys were looking at her. And then the betrothed appeared, for whom the parents give Matrena Timofeevna in marriage. Marriage means that now the free and free life of the girl is over. Now she will live in a strange family, where she will not be treated in the best way. When a mother gives her daughter in marriage, she grieves for her, worries about her fate:

The mother was crying

“... Like a fish in a blue sea

You yell! like a nightingale

Flutter from the nest!

Someone else's side

Not sprinkled with sugar

Not watered with honey!

It's cold there, it's hungry there

There is a well-groomed daughter

Violent winds will blow,

Shaggy dogs bark,

And people will laugh!”

In these lines, the sadness of a mother is clearly read, who perfectly understands all the hardships of life that will fall to the lot of her married daughter. In a strange family, no one will show interest in her, and the husband himself will never stand up for his wife.

Matrena Timofeevna shares her sad thoughts. She did not want to change her free life in her parents' house for life in a strange, unfamiliar family.

From the very first days in her husband's house, Matryona Timofeevna realized how hard it would be for her now:

The family was big

Grumpy... I got it

From girlish holi to hell!

Relations with the father-in-law, mother-in-law and sister-in-law were very difficult, in new family Matryona had to work hard, and at the same time no one said a kind word to her. However, even in such a difficult life that the peasant woman had, there were simple and simple joys:

Filippushka came in winter,

Bring a silk handkerchief

Yes, I took a ride on a sled

On Catherine's day

And there was no grief!

Sang like I sang

In the parental home.

We were one-year-olds

Don't touch us - we have fun

We are always fine.

The relationship between Matryona Timofeevna and her husband did not always develop smoothly. A husband has the right to beat his wife if something does not suit him in her behavior. And no one will stand up for the poor thing, on the contrary, all relatives in the husband's family will only be happy to look at her suffering.

Such was the life of Matrena Timofeevna after marriage. The days dragged on monotonous, gray, surprisingly similar to each other: hard work, quarrels and reproaches from relatives. But a peasant woman has truly angelic patience, therefore, without complaining, she endures all the hardships that have fallen to her lot. The birth of a child is the event that turns her whole life upside down. Now the woman is not so embittered at the whole wide world, love for the baby warms and pleases her.

Philip on the Annunciation

He left, but on Kazanskaya

I gave birth to a son.

How written was Demushka

Beauty taken from the sun

The snow is white

Poppies have scarlet lips

The eyebrow is black in sable,

The Siberian sable

The falcon has eyes!

All the anger from my soul is my handsome

Driven away with an angelic smile,

Like the spring sun

Drives snow from fields...

I didn't worry

Whatever they say, I work

No matter how they scold - I am silent.

The joy of a peasant woman from the birth of her son did not last long. Work in the field requires a lot of effort and time, and then breastfed baby on hands. At first, Matrena Timofeevna took the child with her into the field. But then the mother-in-law began to reproach her, because it is impossible to work with a child with full dedication. And poor Matryona had to leave the baby with grandfather Savely. Once the old man overlooked - and the child died.

The death of a child is a terrible tragedy. But peasants have to put up with the fact that very often their children die. However, this is Matryona's first child, so his death turned out to be too difficult a test for her. And then there is an additional misfortune - the police come to the village, the doctor and the camp officer accuse Matryona of having killed the child in collusion with the former convict grandfather Saveliy. Matryona Timofeevna begs not to do an autopsy in order to bury the child without desecration of the body But no one listens to the peasant woman. She almost goes crazy from everything that happened.

All the hardships of a difficult peasant life, the death of a child still cannot break Matryona Timofeevna. Time passes, she has children every year. And she continues to live, raise her children, do hard work. Love for children is the most important thing that a peasant woman has, so Matrena Timofeevna is ready for anything to protect her beloved children. This is evidenced by an episode when they wanted to punish her son Fedot for an offense.

Matryona throws herself at the feet of a passing landowner to help save the boy from punishment. And the landowner said:

“Guardian of a minor

By youth, by stupidity

Forgive ... but a daring woman

Approximately punish!”

Why did Matrena Timofeevna suffer punishment? For his boundless love for his children, for his willingness to sacrifice himself for the sake of others. Readiness for self-sacrifice is also manifested in the way Matryona rushes to seek salvation for her husband from recruitment. She manages to get to the place and ask for help from the governor, who really helps Philip free himself from recruitment.

Matrena Timofeevna is still young, but she has already had to endure a lot, a lot. She had to endure the death of a child, a time of hunger, reproaches and beatings. She herself says what the holy wanderer told her:

“The keys to female happiness,

From our free will

abandoned, lost

God himself!”

Indeed, a peasant woman can by no means be called happy. All the difficulties and difficult trials that fall on her lot can break and lead a person to death, not only spiritual, but also physical. Very often this is exactly what happens. The life of a simple peasant woman is rarely long, very often women die in the prime of life. It is not easy to read the lines that tell about the life of Matryona Timofeevna. Nevertheless, one cannot help but admire the spiritual strength of this woman, who endured so many trials and was not broken.

The image of Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly harmonious. The woman appears at the same time strong, hardy, patient and gentle, loving, caring. She has to cope on her own with the difficulties and troubles that fall to the lot of her family, Matryona Timofeevna does not see help from anyone.

But, despite all the tragic that a woman has to endure, Matrena Timofeevna causes genuine admiration. After all, she finds the strength in herself to live, work, continues to enjoy those modest joys that from time to time fall to her lot. And let her honestly admit that she cannot be called happy in any way, she does not fall into the sin of despondency for a minute, she continues to live.

The life of Matrena Timofeevna is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.

Characteristics of the hero

Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina is a peasant woman. The third part of the poem is dedicated to this heroine.

M.T. - “A portly woman, Broad and thick, 38 years old. Beautiful; hair with gray hair, Big strict eyes, Eyelashes of the richest, Harsh and swarthy.

Among the people about M.T. the glory of the lucky woman is coming. She tells the strangers who come to her about her life. Her story is told in the form of folk laments and songs. This emphasizes the typical fate of M.T. for all Russian peasant women: “It’s not a matter of looking for a happy woman among women.”

In the parental home of M.T. life was good: she had a friendly non-drinking family. But, having married Philip Korchagin, she ended up "from a girl's will to hell." The youngest in her husband's family, she worked for everyone like a slave. The husband loved M.T., but often went to work and could not protect his wife. The heroine had one intercessor - grandfather Savely, her husband's grandfather. M.T. she has seen a lot of grief in her lifetime: she endured the harassment of the manager, survived the death of the first-born Demushka, who, due to Savely's oversight, was bitten by pigs. M.T. failed to retrieve the son's body and he was sent for an autopsy. Later, another son of the heroine, 8-year-old Fedot, was threatened with a terrible punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a hungry she-wolf. Mother, without hesitation, lay down under the rod instead of her son. But in a lean year, M.T., pregnant and with children, is likened to a hungry she-wolf herself. In addition, the last breadwinner is taken away from her family - her husband is shaved into soldiers out of turn. In desperation, M.T. runs into the city and throws himself at the feet of the governor's wife. She helps the heroine and even becomes the godmother of the born son M.T. — Liodora. But the evil fate continued to haunt the heroine: one of the sons was taken to the soldiers, "they burned twice ... God with anthrax ... visited three times." In the "Woman's Parable" M.T. sums up his sad story: “The keys to female happiness, From our free will, Abandoned, lost From God himself!”

"Long-suffering" Matrena Timofeevna.

(Poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Russia?”)

During the classes.

1. Epigraph to the lesson:

Rumor goes all over the world,

That you are at ease, happily

You live ... Say in a divine way,

What is your happiness?

"To whom in Russia it is good to live"

introduction teachers. Setting the goal of the lesson and defining tasks.

Nekrasov's poem, which became a milestone in the literature of the 19th century, opened up new paths, new techniques, new heroes. What place did this poem occupy in Nekrasov's work? (Nekrasov wrote a poem for 14 years, collecting material, in his words, “by word.” 1863-1877)

- What year are you counting?
In what land - guess
On the pillar path
Seven men got together.

But it is not difficult to understand what period Nekrasov is talking about? (About the reform of 1861, according to which the peasants were freed.)

Has the life of the peasants become better, richer, freer? (And truthful pictures of Russian reality pass before us. Peasant life worries, Nekrasov, peasant problems ... There is a lot of melancholy and sadness in the poem, there are many human tears and grief in it.)

Let's return to the content and remember what question worried the peasants?

(To find out:
Who has fun
Freely in Russia ...,)

And now let's determine what we need to do today in the lesson:

4. Uncover in yourself ... ()

2. Introductory speech of the teacher:

Nekrasov is rightly considered the first singer of a Russian peasant woman who portrayed the tragedy of her situation and sang the struggle for her liberation.

D for Nekrasova - she is a symbol of life and its national content. Calling his Muse "sister", the poet creates ideal images of tremendous power.

(Speech by Melnikova V "Jack Frost", Sapronova E "Russian women", Gevorgyan - "Yesterday at six o'clock...")

(1863 - "Frost, Red Nose"; 1864 - "Orina, a soldier's mother"; 1872 - "Russian Women" and many poems)

Heavy blond braids

Fell on a swarthy chest,

Bare feet covered her legs,

They prevent the peasant woman from looking.

She took them away with her hands,

He looks angrily at the guy.

The face is majestic, as in a frame ...

I immediately recall the Russian Madonnas on the canvases of Venetsianov, Vasnetsov and others. (Venetsianov's painting At the Harvest is projected etc.) But the heroines of the painters, striking with grace, calmness, spirituality, are still silent about those mournful songs that their female soul sings. But Daryushka in the poem "Frost, Red Nose" and Matryona Timofeevna open up to us from the inside.

3. Teacher:

In the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia", the fate of a woman is unfolded into a whole story, which can rightly be called "The Life of St. Matryonushka".

With deep sympathy Nekrasov created the image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina. A large part of the poem, called "The Peasant Woman", is dedicated to her. Nekrasov's ideal of a Russian woman finds expression in the creation of the image of the "Dignified Slav".

Her life is a typical life of a peasant woman of that time.

Student performances Me: Her life story? - read the text expressively. (At first she buried the joy of childhood, then girlhood quickly flashed, then marriage, and then the bitter fate of a daughter-in-law, a slave in her husband's family.)

Nekrasov shows the reader how Matrena Timofeevna lived in her husband's family, shows the attitude of his relatives towards his young wife. In addition to hellish work, other disasters fell upon her:
(terrible death of the son's first-born, hungry year, thunderstorm, fire twice, anthrax).

Question to the classAs you noticed, “Peasant Woman” is the only part of the poem written in the 1st person. Why do you think Nekrasov uses 1 person in the story in this part, on behalf of the heroine herself?

(It was not by chance that the poet chose the form of narration in "Peasant Woman"first person , whichattaches the whole story of Matrena Timofeevnaimmediacy and sincerity . In herconfessions the sad story of a Russian woman is revealed, who conquers wanderers with her spiritual beauty, selflessness, diligence,touching love for children.)

Questions to the class:1) Is it by chance that Matryona appears before us as a mother?

3) What events in the life of Matryona Timofeevna are more-

joyful or dramatic?

4) Why is she a "governor"?

5) Is she happy? What is her happiness?

6) What are the features of Matryona Timofeevna's speech?

4. Characteristics of the image Matryona Timofeevna (can be lines from the text):

defining the features that our heroine is endowed with, we involuntarily pay attention to the means of artistic expression used by Nekrasov. Which? -

Epithet- an artistic, figurative definition used to highlight the characteristic, essential features of an object or phenomenon. and application.

Comparisone- the likening of one object to another on the basis of a common feature they have.

metaphora - the use of a word in a figurative sense based on the similarity in any respect of two objects or phenomena.

(remember these terms)

Work with text (the chapter is the largest in volume, so we will take small episodes to find examplestropes - a turn of speech in which a word or expression is used in a figurative sense in order to achieve greater expressiveness)- task in rows:

Page 294 (love for a child)

Page 303 (Russian heroes)

Page 312 or 339 - 340 (output)

outer beauty

hardworking

resolute

strong-willed

independent

strong in spirit

smart

talented

strong and resilient woman , feeling dignity, pride , traits of the heroic character of the Russian peasantry , long-suffering, mnogoruchinnaya, conquers with its spiritual beauty, dedication, diligence, touching love for children,

( One of the mainhell character ra of the Nekrasov peasant woman isa deep sense of human dignity, the ability to stand up for oneself and loved ones. ready to reach the king in search of the truth, she complains about the headman to the governor and seeks justice. Not resignation to fate and circumstances, but pain and anger drive her actions.)

Matrena Timofeevna is not only strong in spirit, she is a very gifted, talented woman. (Songs, laments, lamentations (folklore dances) enhance emotions, impression; help to express pain, longing, show more vividly how bitter her fate is. -a song about the hard lot of a peasant woman sounds )

The songs that she sings are perceived as well-known, they are known and “picked up” by wanderers.

Summing up:

7) Why did life's trials not break the heroine? What helps her endure both the persecution of her relatives in her husband's house, and the tragedy of Dyomushka, and the humiliation that is mistaken for Filippushka, and the endless hard work in the house and in the field? What, finally, helps to win the fight for a husband?

Teacher:About the unshakable foundations of folk morality, chastity of the first feeling, love and marriage as the only one for life, about modesty and dignity

(the features of the image of Matryona and the conclusion are projected).

IMAGE FEATURES:

the story about the fate of the heroine comes from the 1st person, which contributes to the intonation of confession;

the poet immerses us in the rhythm of human life - from infancy to death; life appears as one of the manifestations of the divine nature;

the abundance of folk ritual songs as an illustration of the life of Matryona Timofeevna as one fate out of many destinies helps to create a generalized portrait of a Russian woman.

Teacher. conclusion

Work on the image Matryona Timofeevna Nekrasov completed his poetic study of the Russian female character.

Not only endurance and the ability to tirelessly work, firmness and will in the fight against obstacles, but also the “gold of the heart” preserved in trials are the inalienable qualities of his hero. The wealth and generosity of the soul, which is enough for love for a husband and children, and for affection for old parents and grandfather, sensitive responsiveness to the beauty of nature, Christian self-sacrifice and a great ability to forgive, not remember evil, as well as the ability to be grateful - wonderful national properties concentrated by the poet in the image of Matryona Timofeevna.

The image of Matryona received a special generalizing meaning due to the fact that Nekrasov combined life impressions and knowledge about the peasants of his time with the poetic work of the people, which captured the historical traditions and properties of national life.

5. You read the work and understand how incredibly beautifully life Matrena Timofeevna lived - in constant work, joys and sorrows of motherhood and the struggle for the family, the husband's house and you will agree with Chukovsky that this poem "breathes with boundless joy about the Russian people, strength and truth, about indestructible foundations of his existence. This is about Matryona the Great Martyr.

(the image of the saint is projected)

Teacher:Self-esteem, spiritual strength, self-sacrifice, patience and meekness - these are the character traits that help the heroine overcome worldly troubles, earn the respect of others and seem like a happy person, a woman.

And yet we understand that only our own spiritual strength saves Matryona Timofeevna. Yes, the future of a woman in Russia seemed hopeless. Every year it became more and more difficult to live and support a family. And it is not by chance that the story
Matryona Timofeevna endsa parable about the lost keys to women's happiness:

Keys from
female happiness,

From our
free will

Abandoned
lost

God
himself!

The women of Nekrasov's time hardly foresaw that all the torment and
suffering and it will be possible to keep pace with men. Installed
equality and freedom of women create an even sharper contrast between in a feminine way Nekrasov and the image of a woman of our age.

6. creative work(compose a text-conclusion for today's lesson using these words. 5-8 sentences):

- Nekrasov, woman's fate "Peasant Woman"captivates with its spiritual beauty, a life Matryona Timofeevna , Christian self-sacrifice, painters, long-suffering, generalizing meaning, invincibility.

Topic heavy female share excites other writers of the 19th century, and at all times, (the word is given to the student - Timets K. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm", etc.)

7 . Reflection .

What was our goal at the beginning of the lesson?

1. Continue ... (look for an answer along with wanderers who are happy in Russia)

2. Determine ... (is Matryona Timofeevna happy, as the inhabitants of the neighboring village say)

3. Consider ... (what tests fate has prepared for M.T.)

4. Uncover in yourself ... ()

1. in the lesson, I determined that ...

2. discovered for himself ...

3. felt (a) ...

4. I want to go to the next lesson ...

8. Thank you guys for the lesson . Grading.

Share you! - Russian woman's share!

Hardly harder to find.

I don't need any silver

No gold, but God forbid

So that my countrymen

And every peasant

Life was easy, fun

All over holy Russia!

9. Homework. Statement of the problem task:

Why did the peasants fail to find someone who "... lived freely, cheerfully in all of holy Russia!"

Chapter "Feast for the whole world"

Everything will be fine! You only believe in it!

After all, Happiness that is gone is again knocking on the door!

Everything will be fine! Forgive and don't be sad!

Resentments are evil, they are hard to bear.

Everything will be fine! All to the joy of the way!

Try with all your Soul not to cry, but to bloom!

Look out the window: it’s snowing, it’s raining.

This world is beautiful! Everything will be fine!

Search happy person the wanderers of N. A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” are brought to the threshold of the house of Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina.

Happy life

The description of the fate of Matrena Timofeevna is devoted to the chapter "Peasant Woman". The governor, as the peasants call her, joyfully recalls her childhood years, when she felt free, happy, surrounded by care.

The subsequent events are a series of misfortunes. Married life is full of humiliation. The woman listens to the complaints of her mother-in-law, who considers the industrious daughter-in-law to be “drowsy”, “drowsy”. He endures cavils, beatings of her husband. A happy event was the birth of Demushka's son. Only the joy was short-lived. Grandfather Savely fell asleep - a little boy died.

Having recovered, Matrena continues to sacrifice herself for the sake of loved ones. Lies down under the rod instead of the son of Fedotushka (the child took pity on the whelp, feeding her a sheep). Saves her husband from service. Pregnant, in winter she goes to ask for help from the governor. The happiness of a woman is overcoming the trials of fate.

woman's parable

Can't find men happy woman, says Matrena Timofeevna. The key to women's happiness is "abandoned", "lost" says a woman's parable. The warriors of God found only the keys that make the peasant woman a slave.