To this burning question: “How to determine whether a child is developing correctly at 2 years old?” You can't give a precise answer. Why? Yes, because all children are different, and their development occurs in different ways - this is a proven fact, there is even nothing to discuss here. However, there are still key points, skills and abilities that should be in the frequent use of children of one age or another - that's what we want to talk about with you.

To determine the level of development of your child and understand whether it corresponds to the level that pediatricians set for 2-year-old babies, you need to carefully monitor the baby for several days. You will immediately understand: does he know how to do everything that a baby should be able to do at 2 years old.

It will be correct to assess not only the practical skills of the child, but also to assess, for example, the level of his social and physical development. Only if all the parameters are excellent (however, again, do not forget that your child may simply “not grow up” to something, but somewhere, at the same time, “outgrow”), then it will be possible say that the baby develops correctly and naturally for its age.

Physical parameters of a 2-year-old child

So, the baby is already two years old, what characteristics of physical development should you observe?

If you have a son, then his weight is this moment on average should be about 12.7 kg. If you are the mother of a little princess, then this number drops to 12.2 kg. As for height, usually boys reach 88 cm at two years old, and girls - 86 cm, although this most of all depends on heredity.

A kid at two years old should be very active, he is very interested in outdoor perky games, the guys want to run and jump as much as possible. They already walk skillfully, they will not be stopped by an obstacle, even if it reaches a height of 20 centimeters! At the same time, he will not even slow down to cross the obstacle with one foot, but will do it like an adult. It seems that the supply of energy and strength of the baby is simply inexhaustible! Already mommy, and father, and grandparents are tired, and the child is jumping, falling, rising and jumping again, again!

However, this does not mean at all that you should harass him with long walks - you need to load the baby in accordance with his age, so that, God forbid, do not overdo it and do not harm the fragile body.

Usually at this tender age, guys can partially dress themselves. They are great at managing hats and tights, they can easily put on shoes with legs, however, if they are fastened with Velcro and not tightened with laces.

About neuropsychic development

A two-year-old kid is quite intelligent, he easily perceives simple stories from adults - for example, you can tell him about the events of yesterday - and he will understand perfectly. His speech becomes more and more coherent, in sentences they line up in a logical row of three words. He learns to use nouns and adjectives.

There is also a certain logic in games, although it is still primitive, but this is only the beginning! That kid, with visible pleasure, builds turrets from cubes, or quickly and correctly arranges a pyramid.

If you instill in your child a love of literature from an early age and read him a lot of short, simple rhymes, then most likely by the age of two he will already remember some of them and be able to easily reproduce them.

The world around the baby is full of different colors, and he already knows what the main ones look like and are called.

Most likely, the mother of a two-year-old child no longer experiences difficulties during feeding. She does not need to dance and sing, shaking toys in order to put another spoonful of semolina into her beloved child's mouth. He copes well with a spoon and can eat by himself. Just as easily, the baby drinks from his cup.

Also, a child whose age has exceeded the two-year-old line can boast of well-developed motor skills. Kids at this age just love to draw, although they are not very good at it. But how interesting it is to watch how different lines and specks suddenly appear on a clean leaf! A pencil or felt-tip pen is not yet borrowed right position in his hand, the baby holds it with his whole fist.

Children are especially interested in books. True, each in their own way. However, most often this is expressed in the unrestrained desire of the baby to grab the page and crumple the rustling paper. Here you need to show firmness and explain to the baby that the book is not a toy, it cannot be broken and torn.

You are probably sometimes annoyed by the fact that the baby climbs into all the nooks and crannies of the house, that he does not obey you and continues to do everything in his own way. Of course you can push and set over it total control and power. But is it necessary? Remember that now your baby is developing by leaps and bounds, at a very accelerated pace. Is it necessary to lead him astray from this path with his constant prohibitions? After all, he needs to fully understand the world in which he lives. Therefore, it is better to be patient and help the baby get acquainted with what surrounds him.

There are several basic stop signs, noticing which your own child has, you should sound the alarm, or at least get excited.

1. If your baby cannot pronounce even three words, does not gesture at least two people close to him or does not know the names of at least three objects in the room where he spends a lot of time.
2. If the baby cannot sit down or stand up on his own.
3. If you notice that the baby is in poor contact with the outside world (for example, if he does not understand when he is spoken to affectionately, and when - strictly and categorically, when it is possible and when it is impossible).
4. If you pass some object by the baby, and he does not follow it with his eyes and does not try to take it and take a closer look.
5. If at the time when you are playing a game that should be accompanied by childish impatient expectation (for example, waiting: when will mother's face appear while playing the cuckoo) - this is also an alarm signal.
6. If you are still feeding the baby yourself or helping him in this, and the baby is not trying to establish visual-emotional contact with you.

Kid and society: about social development

You probably noticed more than once with chagrin and surprise that at the age of two years your baby does not want to find mutual language with their peers. Children do not want to get along side by side, and even more so to organize collective games - they will rather push and take toys from each other. The thing is that the baby at this age is very egocentric, and he simply cannot understand how you can take into account the desire or need of another person.

Although it is impossible to say that a two-year-old child is asocial, he can even make friends - those children who are pleasant to him, games with which give him the greatest amount of positive emotions. Usually a friend is painfully similar to your baby: he has the same temperament and character. However, this cannot be called a full-fledged friendship - it can arise between the guys only after three or four years. Then their games will take on a different character, they will not just play next to each other, but will begin to interact and get real pleasure from this.

Baby speech development

A child's vocabulary increases dramatically between one and a half and two years. Usually, when the baby is already 2 years old, there are 100-300 words in his vocabulary (the number depends on external factors). These words are the most understandable and accessible to the child, he hears them and uses the objects that they designate from day to day. Therefore, these words usually become the names of favorite toys, objects that surround him. He already understands what it is - different sizes, and in his speech you can already find words that describe the size of certain objects in relation to other objects (for example, “the bear is big”, and “the bunny is small”).

The more you communicate with the child, read books to him, tell him poems and fairy tales, the greater will be the vocabulary of the baby. Therefore, when you hear that the baby spoke in his own language, which you do not understand, do not laugh at him, but try to understand and correct the child. Try to teach your child the correct pronunciation from childhood.

It is still difficult for the kid to pronounce consonants with all the necessary firmness, so he tenderly softens these sounds (instead of "give" he says "day", and instead of "tank" - "tyank"). Due to the fact that his articulation apparatus is not yet ready for heavy loads, in the baby’s speech you will not yet be able to hear hissing sounds or the consonants “r” and “l”.
In addition to the fact that the baby, as much as possible, simplifies his children's language, he also often shortens long and inconvenient words for pronunciation. For example, instead of the word "milk", he can constantly say "ko", or "moko". Also, often a two-year-old child cannot decide for a long time how to pronounce this or that word, so he can constantly pronounce it in different ways, throwing out one complex sound, then another.

Even if your child can squeak loudly and piercingly, still weak vocal cords and an untrained speech apparatus will not allow him to speak very loudly. The voice of the baby is always a little muffled, quiet. The same reason gives rise to the frequent replacement of voiced consonants with deaf ones (for example, instead of a clear “bom-bom”, the child pronounces “pom-pom”).

Children's speech at the age of two is already rich in intonation. The kid knows that if he wants something, he needs to turn to his mother in a demanding voice. And if something hurts him, then the intonation instantly “moves out” to plaintive notes.

Throughout the second year, the child will improve his speech skills and will certainly succeed in this. After all, he is no longer stupid, and understands that only with the help of logically connected words can he satisfy some of his needs (since one must be able to ask for their fulfillment). But the baby is still very far from adult and competent speech! He still cannot boast of a rich vocabulary and often makes his work easier by replacing difficult words with simple combinations of syllables (instead of "eat" he will simply say "am-am"). In addition, in the speech of the child now you can hear only those names of objects that the baby directly encounters while playing or exploring the apartment. Naturally, there is no point in expecting some kind of grammatical coherence of sentences from the crumbs. He doesn't know yet magic power prepositions and conjunctions, he does not know how to correctly put the end of a word. And, of course, it will still give out the wrong, distorted pronunciation of most words. He will swap syllables or even throw them out of words for more than one week.

We grow by playing...

The time has not yet come when the development of your baby will be directly dealt with by those people who know how to organize it - that is, teachers. So far, the main stimulus and "pusher" of the baby's mental processes is you, so you need to be able to properly organize leisure so that during the game the child learns and develops in parallel. This will help you “catch up” with your peers in all respects, if it seems to you that you and your baby are a little behind somewhere.

So, what games can you play with a two-year-old kid?

Game One: Learn Colors

For this game you will need to select several toys of the same type. different colors and find paper leaves of the same colors. You can take, for example, cars or rubber tweeters in the shape of animals.

Lay out this inventory on the floor and make yourself comfortable next to the baby. Play separately with each selected toy, imitating its real behavior. For example, if you have animals collected, then show your baby how a toad croaks and jumps, how a formidable lion growls and jumps, how a small bird chirps.

After that, take the prepared leaves and lay them right on the floor in front of the baby. Put a toy of the same color on each piece of paper and explain to the baby that this is a house for your animals (or garages for cars - depending on what you have chosen for the game). Every time you put a toy on a particular piece of paper, say out loud about what color they are and why you put the toy on this piece of paper. After that, you can mix the toys and invite the child to independently choose a house for each animal.

Game two: What will float and what will sink?

Prepare a large basin for the game, pour some water into it (do not pour a full basin, as in the process you can splash or even fill the entire floor around). Take three or four items that are made of different materials and have different buoyancy characteristics. For example, a cork from wine or champagne, a metal spoon, a small twig and a children's plastic cup are suitable. Do not type a lot of items - the baby can simply get confused in them.

Now invite the kid to the game and ask: how does he think which of the items will float on the water and which ones will drown? It is likely that the child's answer will be wrong, but do not be discouraged - he is not yet familiar with the properties of certain objects and your goal is to teach him this.

After the child has expressed his assumptions about what will sink and what will float, throw all these items into a bowl of water and let the baby play enough with the items.

While the child is passionate about “bathing” objects, you simultaneously tell him about his properties in a playful way. For example: “Baby, this is a cork, it is made of a very light, airy material, so it does not sink in water, but floats on the surface.” Or like this: “And this is a spoon, it is made of metal. And since the metal is very heavy, the spoon cannot float - and immediately sinks.

Do not forget that after each game you need to teach your child to clean up after themselves. So when you're done, have him take all the items out of the water and pat dry with a clean towel.

Thanks to this simple and exciting game for kids, kids will learn to understand. What properties can an object have?

In this game, you will learn the voices of birds and animals with your baby. Therefore, you will need either toys or pictures that will show pairs of animal mothers and their children. It is best to choose those animals with which the baby is already familiar: for example, a mouse and a gray mouse, a duck and a tiny duckling, a frog and her green cub, a cow and a calf, a cat and a kitten, a dog and a puppy, a chicken and a chicken.

First, you will need to carefully examine each animal (or picture) and tell the child what sounds this or that animal makes. Be sure to note that adult animals have coarser, louder, louder voices. And their cubs have a thin, squeaky voice. The kid must understand that the voice of an adult animal (as well as an adult) is different from the voice of a cub (or child).

Take the cat in your hands, stroke it and meow loudly: “Meow!”. Ask the baby: “And who is it with us meowing so loudly? And who says "meow" in a thin sonorous voice? That's right, it's a cat mom's baby. What is the name of her baby? Yes, kitten. How does a kitten meow?

We have just told you about the preparatory, introductory stage of the game. Now let's move on to the learning fun.

So, you have already determined and remembered which animal makes which sound, what their cubs are called - now you can start the game.

Lay out all the toys or pictures with animals on the floor in front of the child. Now ask the baby to turn away, and at this time imitate the voice of some animal, for example, meow loudly. The kid must guess, firstly, the voice of which animal has just sounded and, secondly, was it an adult cat, or a small kitten? Ask your child to show you a picture of the animal that just spoke.

Now switch roles - turn away yourself, and let the child make animal voices. You, too, guess and praise yours when he especially accurately imitates his voice.

This is very good and good game, with the help of it you can show the child and consolidate his knowledge of what animals exist, what their children are called and what voices they have, what is the difference between an adult voice and a thin children's voice. Great memory exercise!

Here are some simple ways you can check how the level of development of your two-year-old child corresponds to the standards adopted by pediatricians and child psychologists. However, as we have already said, one should not be solely equal to these norms, all children follow their own path of development and may lag behind their peers somewhere, but at the same time be ahead of them in some way. Just do not forget: at this age, the child grabs everything on the fly, you just need to have time to give him all this knowledge. Therefore, a properly organized joint vacation with games and educational activities will help you grow a real child prodigy!

Crisis of two years

Most babies go through the age of "no" around the age of two. Even those children who were considered real little angels are starting to look more like stubborn donkeys. How to respond to such changes in the behavior of the child? In which case is it necessary to show firmness, and in which it is better to give in?

You ask him to put on a sweater, sit down at the table, stop exploring the electrical outlet, or return the rattle to his eight-month-old brother - with unchildish persistence, your child rejects any requests and demands.

“At the next no, I broke down, my patience snapped,” says Larisa, mother of two-year-old Philip. I only dreamed of the moment when he would finally go to bed, and I would get a little respite.

What is the reason for the need for the baby to show stubbornness? Around the age of two, the child begins to realize his integrity, both psychological and physical, he learns to control his natural functions and enjoys the possession of his body. During this period, he feels that he is no longer one with his mother, that he is a completely separate person. With the help of “no”, the baby asserts his very fresh sense of “separation” over and over again. In order to psychologically separate from the parents, the child must resist them, resisting parental control, instructions and requests. Only by opposing himself to his parents can he set foot on the path of individualization. Of course, sometimes it can be difficult to get along with a baby, but you need to remember that this crisis period precedes a new milestone in development. Therefore, it is important to understand how to help the child (and sometimes yourself) get through the crisis without hindering the development of the individual.

Get around the obstacle

Let's wear socks, shall we? No, you don't need socks! Do not be stubborn after the child. You can certainly overdo it, but in fact, having obeyed you this time, he will not change his position. True, if you constantly give in, the baby can “overflow”, turning into a little tyrant. Of course, it is important for a small child to show his will and feel that he is in control of the situation, but it is equally important to set boundaries so that he learns to measure his desires with the requirements of reality. To exit with honor from the next conflict situation, into which the irreconcilable stubbornness of the baby has brought you, you need to become a master of distracting maneuvers and lyrical digressions. For example, offer his fingers a game of hide and seek: do they want to hide in their socks so that no one can find them? Draw his attention to something that makes him positive emotions: “Your bear will go for a walk with us? Maybe he needs help getting ready? Sometimes it is enough to wait five minutes and repeat your request again. Your child's attention will be focused elsewhere. Use the same strategy if your toddler refuses to leave the playground: "Who can get to the corner of that house the fastest?" it good way switch the child's attention to something more fun, interesting or unusual. When a stubborn baby begins to obey, praise him, because for him this is an obvious effort.

If your child does not heed the request to sit down at the table or start getting ready for bed, if at least a quarter of an hour passes between your persuasion and his consent to actions, reassure yourself that this is normal at his age. To a small child it's hard enough to respond immediately to your request, especially if he's busy with something more interesting than mashed potatoes or naps. Put yourself in his place. Will you ever want to interrupt the conversation with your beloved friend in order to go wash the dishes? Hardly the same time. Maybe in ten minutes. For the child, as well as for you, switching from one activity to another is easier and does not cause resistance if he knows about it in advance. "Slowly finish the game, in fifteen minutes we will have lunch." If you are going to visit, announce the program to him and add some pleasant details: “We will go to grandma. She really wants to see you and treat you to pancakes.” Dressing the baby, tell him how you will get there, remind him about pancakes, ask how much he can eat: let's count, with honey or jam? He will not even notice that he is already fully dressed and ready to go.

Of course, there are things about which it is necessary to remain steadfast. The child must know that there are prohibitions and rules that must never be violated. Basically, they should be about security and be very clear. You can’t stick your fingers into a power outlet, climb onto a windowsill, or pull a pen out of your mother’s hand in the middle of the roadway. When you ask your baby to remove his fingers from the socket, he must remove them. And if he says "no", calmly take his hands away from the cherished goal, there can be no compromises here. The kid will probably try to defend his rights with screams and tears, try not to oppose your position to him, but to reassure and once again explain what the ban is connected with.

From time to time, give your child the opportunity to say “no”, to show will and express their desires. The child must know that it is he who wants or does not want something, and by accepting his "no" you show respect for his needs. Why not let the baby show freedom of choice where it does not threaten his safety and health? In addition, there will be some balance between what you can allow him and what not.

At the table:"Should I put some cauliflower for you?"
When choosing a game:"Do you want to play with blocks?"
Offering him an extra glass of drink:"Do you want more juice?"
Putting him in front of a choice:"Which sweater do you want to wear red or blue?"
Provide a choice in the manifestation of feelings:"Do you want to kiss your little sister?"

A two-year-old toddler does not sit still for a minute. What can a child at 2 years old do? He is in constant motion and looking for new experiences. At this stage, the baby develops so rapidly that many parents do not even have time to track this process. Literally yesterday, the child picked up scissors for the first time, and today he already skillfully manages them. A couple of months ago, the little one spoke in fifty incoherent words, and now he is starting to build whole sentences out of them. All these successes are extremely pleasing to adults and give them a reason to be proud of their baby. But still, parents involuntarily continue to compare children with each other, noting that their crumbs are behind or, on the contrary, ahead of development. Therefore, information about what a child should be able to do at 2 years old will be useful for adults. Let's dwell on this issue in more detail.

Speech of a child at 2 years old

The vocabulary of the crumbs by this age reaches 300 words. He begins to make simple sentences, to articulate his needs and desires more clearly.

Since the child's thinking develops through speech, parents need to constantly communicate with the baby, tell him stories, read books and answer questions.

Adjectives and pronouns begin to appear in the lexicon of babies. Often, two-year-old crumbs talk about themselves in the third person. Simplified words (“yum-yum”, “bang”) are replaced by the correct ones (eat, fell). At the request of the parents, the child shows various objects in the picture, understands a short story about familiar events.

Physical development

New Skills

Unlike one-year-olds, they are no longer interested in aimless movement in space. They do not follow instincts and reflexes, but seek to direct their activity in a useful direction.

By the age of two, children not only walk confidently, but also easily perform the following actions:

• step over obstacles;
• going up and down stairs or an inclined plane;
• make small runs;
• able to jump low;
• walk on a log or curb;
• kick the ball with their feet.

The crumbs set a specific goal for themselves: slide down the hill, catch up with the cat, climb into a high chair - and go to achieve it. The movements of the child become much more confident.

Movement coordination

The category of what a baby can do at 2 years old is the ability to control with both hands, to coordinate their actions. He already manages to catch the ball at close range, independently draw and sculpt from plasticine. This age is optimal for getting to know the crumbs with scissors. Just don't ask too much of him. The child is not yet able to cut shapes along the lines. It is enough just to teach the baby to properly hold the scissors in his hands and give him complete freedom of action, watching the process from the side.

Always be there, trusting your child with scissors!

Cognitive development of a child at 2 years old

The kid has learned a lot! What can a child already know at 2 years old:

New knowledge

• At 2 years old, children distinguish from 4 to 8 primary colors;
• group objects by color;
• define geometric figures and point to them;
• recognize objects by other parameters: weight, texture, temperature (warm-cold, light-heavy, smooth-rough);
• They know numbers and can count. The kid can already say and demonstrate on his fingers how old he is.

Role-playing games

At the request of the parents, the baby performs a sequence of specified actions. For example: "Get up from the table, go into the room and bring me a yellow ball." This ability also manifests itself during games. So, the little one first feeds the doll, then washes her and puts her to bed. Imagination is connected to the game process. The baby already builds the storyline of events himself, selects suitable characters, uses substitute items (a box instead of a garage for a car, small balls instead of apples, etc.).

Imitation of adults

At this age, kids are very fond of imitating adults, copying their actions, and showing independence. A two-year-old kid willingly participates in adult activities. Together with his mother, he is engaged in cleaning and cooking: he wipes the floor with a damp cloth, brings food, mixes the ingredients in a cup, etc. Of course, it is much easier and faster for parents to do everything themselves, but you should not limit the crumbs in the manifestation of independence. Two years is a great age to start working education.

Margarita, mother of two-year-old Maxim: “My baby has been helping me with housework since the age of one. At first he wiped the floors, then he began to show interest in cooking. We bought him a toy stove, which we put in the kitchen next to the real one. When I cook, he looks and does the same with toy products: he fries bread, makes compote, stews fruit, etc. Sometimes I lay out part of the dinner in his saucepans, and he puts it on his own plate. Sandwiches are assembled from several ingredients. Makes dishes in the sink. Recently, he began to actively interact with the machine: he loads the laundry there, then takes it out and hangs it up. Of course, a lot of things have to be redone. But the child feels useful.”

Emotional and social development

Two-year-olds delight parents with their sociability and desire to interact with others. If earlier the baby clung to his mother at the sight of a new person, now he is more willing to make contact with him. The social behavior of boys and girls at this age is somewhat different.

Girls

Young ladies diligently attract attention and react violently to praise addressed to them. Girls evaluate adults in terms of their attitude towards them. Two-year-old babies think something like this: “This uncle is good. He brought me a chocolate bar and let me play with his glasses.”

boys

Boys judge those around them by their desire to teach a child something, to play active games with him. A guest who has shown the baby how to greet like a man and played brave pirates with him will certainly win the baby's favor.

According to child psychologists, at the age of 2, the child begins to realize his gender.

The child is enthusiastic about entertainment, shows interest in music and singing, watches cartoons with enthusiasm. When communicating with peers, children smile at each other and use emotionally colored speech.

When communicating with adults, kids show vivid emotions. This is reflected in facial expressions, exclamations, movements of the little one.

Psychological changes

It is worth noting that the thinking, memory and attention of children under the age of five cannot be controlled by them. The baby is simply not able to independently manage these psychological processes. The attention of two-year-old children switches very quickly, it is enough just to interest them in something new and exciting.

At this age, the baby absorbs everything like a sponge. He quickly learns new skills, which he subsequently carries through his whole life.

The crumbs quickly become infected with emotions from the people around them. If staying in good mood the little one will see that the baby playing with him begins to act up, he can adopt his discontent. That is why the psychological environment that surrounds the child every day plays a very important role at this stage. What can you expect from a baby whose parents constantly swear among themselves and periodically break down on the baby? Most likely, such a little one will behave very nervously and, at the slightest pretext, will begin to scream. A favorable friendly environment around the child will allow him to grow out of him a psychologically balanced personality.

household skills

• eat liquid food with a spoon;
• wash your face and wash your hands;
• go to the potty;
• put on some things.

Kristina, Yulia's mother (2.5 years old): “Kindergarten teachers say that my daughter dresses herself and is almost the fastest. At home, I didn't notice that. To take it off is no problem, but how to put it on - “I don’t know how”, “I can’t do it.” She can only fit into her boots. And recently went to the hospital with her. My daughter was very afraid to stay there and as a result, in just two minutes, she completely dressed herself, and absolutely correctly. But we were convinced that she can do anything, she just doesn’t want to.”

Brief table of skills

As can be seen from the above material, a two-year-old baby has a whole set of knowledge and skills. A summary table will help bring them together. What should a 2 year old be able to do?

Here is the list of its features:

Height and weight table

As for the physical parameters of two-year-old babies, they are purely individual and directly depend on genetic factors and developmental characteristics of the crumbs. One way or another, there are certain norms derived by Russian pediatricians and World Organization Health. We present these indicators in the form of tables.

Educational games and exercises

Classes and games with parents are the most important source of new knowledge for the child, as well as a way to expand their horizons. Therefore, it is so important to give the baby as much time as possible, communicate with him, answer questions, thereby creating a fertile ground for his development. Let's talk more about activities, games and exercises for two-year-olds.

Exercises for physical development

Physical exercises for children of two years are aimed at developing back muscles and strengthening bones, as well as at the correct formation of the musculoskeletal system. Lack of movement at this age can lead to poor posture, which is often the cause of scoliosis. It is quite obvious that all activities for kids should be carried out in a fun way with the participation of their favorite toys. Do not abuse physical activity. 3-4 exercises, with a total duration of 15 minutes, will be enough. Here are some of them:

"On the path"

By laying a long, narrow piece of cloth on the floor, or paper strip, you need to ask the baby to walk along it, maintaining balance and not going beyond the boundaries. To interest the baby, you should place his favorite toy at the other end of the "path" and ask the child to bring it. The peanut will gladly make this difficult journey together with his best "friend".

"Harvesting"

Having scattered toy fruits, vegetables or small balls on the floor, you should invite the crumbs to harvest in a basket. To do this, the baby will either have to bend over or squat down. To make it more fun for a child to play this game, you can arrange real racing competitions. Of course, parents will have to give way to their little one.

"Show me how"

Imitation of the movements of various representatives of the world of flora and fauna perfectly develops the muscles and coordination of the baby. You can ask the child to show how a cat walks, a fish swims, a bird flies, a tree sways, a flower grows, etc. Such exercises will not only benefit the child, but also greatly amuse him.

ball games

Rolling the ball with your hands from a standing position contributes to the development of the muscles of the baby's torso. A game of football will teach the crumbs to maintain balance and control their movements. To avoid injury and falls, you should roll the ball on the go, not on the run.

Development of fine motor skills

Exercises

Here parents come to the rescue finger gymnastics and various creative pursuits. The kid can clap his hands, changing the volume and tempo, clench his fists, and then unclench them, clap his phalanges on the table, etc. Also, the following exercises will be very useful for the baby:

• alternately rolling small objects with different fingers: beads, pebbles, balls;
• "walking" on the table with the middle and index fingers with a gradual increase in pace (mandatory change of hands);
• waving in the air with one finger;
• collecting all the fingers in a “pinch” with their subsequent dilution (“running away, running away”).

Creation

Of the creative activities for two-year-old toddlers, modeling and drawing are best suited. You can give the crumbs a large sheet of drawing paper or a piece of wallpaper, offering to apply a drawing on them with finger paints. It is worth teaching the baby to make prints of his palms and feet, draw lines with his finger or leave colorful splashes on paper. Of course after similar activities the child will have to wash in the bathroom for a long time. An alternative to such active creativity can be classic drawing on landscape sheet with a simple pencil. The baby will be able to practice artistic skills and at the same time remain absolutely clean.

We develop hearing

Games aimed at developing the auditory perception of the crumbs will teach him to focus on sounds. And without this ability, the child simply will not be able to perceive the speech addressed to him.

Singing and dancing

Performing songs with rhythm tapping and playing out the plot will turn ordinary music-making into a real theatrical performance. You can also hum the motive of the melodies known to the baby so that he independently guesses them. Voicing various requests in a whisper will teach the child to listen to speech, and playing with a bell will teach the direction of the sound. Having asked the little one to close his eyes, you need to move around him, ringing a bell or knocking on a tambourine. Let the baby point with his hand in the direction where the sound comes from.

Musical riddles

At this age, children are very willing to solve musical riddles. Before asking the baby a question, it is necessary to tap with it a pencil on various objects (glass jar, chair leg, ball, etc.), listening to the sounds. After that, the child should turn away or close his eyes. Meanwhile, the mother begins to knock on the object, and the baby guesses what kind of object it is. Then you should switch roles.

Music

And, of course, nothing develops the ear of a toddler like listening to music. children of any age. Of course, for children under three years of age, the repertoire must be selected very carefully. After all, the psyche of the crumbs is at the stage of formation and too aggressive or depressive music can injure her. Not only children's songs are suitable for kids, but also classical compositions by Mozart and Tchaikovsky, as well as sounds of nature. The ideal option would be a live performance of melodies on a guitar, piano or even a whistle.

We develop speech

The simplest and most effective way to develop speech at the age of two is to encourage communication. Parents need to encourage the baby to dialogue with the phrases: "tell me", "ask ...", etc. Since at this stage, children are not yet very good at putting their thoughts into words, adults should pause in conversation, allowing the baby to choose the correct definitions or formulate an answer. Regular reading of fairy tales will help to expand the active and passive vocabulary of the crumbs. It will not be superfluous to teach the kid to highlight the distinctive features of the characters, choosing the appropriate adjectives for this. For example, a fox is cunning, a bear is clumsy, a hare is cowardly, etc.

Dr. Komarovsky, pediatrician the highest category: “You need to talk a lot with a child. If it is possible to put children's songs or audio fairy tales instead of adult music, you need to do it. In general, all relatives should be involved, encouraging them to talk a lot with the baby. Only those who speak nearby can help to speak.

Articulation gymnastics

Articulation gymnastics should become an obligatory part of the child's daily routine. She will teach the baby to better feel their lips and tongue, as well as manage them. Exercises can be done between tasks, turning them into funny game. For example, when seeing off a baby to a kindergarten, it is worth introducing the ritual of sending each other an air kiss. Surprisingly, this simple action is also an element of articulatory gymnastics. During the meal, you can offer the crumbs a fun competition, who will hold the nut or marmalade on the tongue longer. And in the course of everyday games, it is worth from time to time to imitate the hum of a locomotive or an airplane, the howl of a snowstorm, stretching your lips into a tube.

Educational toys

Since the two-year-old toddler is constantly on the move, his energy should be directed in a positive direction. Here toys for organizing active leisure will come to the aid of parents, namely:

• balls of various colors and sizes;
• fitball for gymnastic exercises;
• sensory and orthopedic mats;
• balance bike, sled, bicycle.

Among the toys for the development of imagination and gross motor skills, coordination of movements, constructive and spatial thinking, we can distinguish:

• Lego sets and other constructors with parts of various sizes, shapes and colors;
• game "fishing";
• stencils;
• plasticine, finger paints and other materials for creativity.

The following toys will contribute to the sensory development of the crumbs, as well as the formation of his mathematical and logical thinking:

• puzzles with 4-6 large pieces;
• small items: animal figurines, cereals, acorns and cones (they can be guessed by touch, sprinkled, grouped, etc.);
• mosaic;
• touch cards;
• insert frames;
• lotto;
• dominoes.

Of course, a two-year-old baby is not yet able to independently organize his leisure time. In this he should help his parents. In order for toys to bring the maximum benefit to the baby, adults need to teach the child how to use them correctly, to come up with plots for games.

You should not give the crumbs too difficult tasks, because in case of failure, he will be very upset and lose interest in the process.

For a better understanding new information you should connect all the senses of the baby, alternate between different types activities. Even if the little one is not set up for developmental activities, he will certainly feel the sincere interest of the adult in the process and involuntarily join the game. As a result, both parents and the child will receive a lot of positive impressions.

Conclusion

Thus, two-year-olds already know a lot. Their active vocabulary has 250-300 words, from which the crumbs gradually begin to put together sentences. In their speech, adjectives and pronouns slip through, which are included in communication quite consciously. As for motor skills, at two years old children can go up and down stairs, step over obstacles, run and jump. And in everyday life, kids become more independent. They ask for a potty in a timely manner, carefully eat liquid food with a spoon and willingly help their parents with the housework. All these skills and aspirations must be approved by parents and directed in the right direction.

Crisis of two years

Psychology of a child at two years old

Snezhana Ivanova

The most important thing that parents should learn is that before the age of 5, a child is not able to control his attention, memory, thinking ...

The most important thing that parents should learn is that before the age of 5, a child is not able to control his attention, memory, and thinking. All this is involuntary. The child catches on the fly what interested him, looks at what attracted his attention, but he is not yet able to direct attention to what is needed.

Therefore, being angry at a two-year-old baby that he cannot repeat your yesterday's explanation about the dangers of sockets is at least stupid. So your explanation was completely uninteresting. It is on the emotional impact that the control of the behavior of the baby is built at this age. Baby is coming behind their emotions, very bright, and at the same time fickle. It is easy to distract the baby, switch his attention, offering more tempting experiences.

Children learn very easily at this age, but it must be borne in mind that the most effective teacher will be the one who evokes two emotions in the child at the same time: trust and interest. Many of us have come across the fact that the child does not seem to hear the adult, which means that either he does not trust this adult (the reasons can be very different), or the adult does not know how to emotionally captivate the baby.

Very useful for emotional sphere baby rhythm games, no wonder kids love them so much. These are rocking, tossing, swinging. They calm and deliver positive emotions, and, as a result, allow you to develop intellectually.

Another characteristic feature of two-year-old children is their low ability to understand the source of their physical discomfort. The child simply feels that something is wrong, but what exactly, he is not able to explain. He didn't get enough sleep, or he didn't eat well, he's too cold, he's wearing uncomfortable clothes - he can only understand an extreme situation. It is too cold for him, the clothes are generally uncomfortable, he categorically did not get enough sleep, and his eyes stick together, but if these sensations are not so strong, he will simply feel bad, not respond to interesting activities offered by a teacher or parent. That is why before any developmental activities or games, you should make sure that all the physiological needs of the child are satisfied.

Group activities with children at this age, in the form in which it takes place, for example, at school, are not yet possible. Even if the teacher is working with a group of children, he must be ready to maintain individual contact with each separately. Children at this age are self-centered, and in a certain sense do not notice other children. This does not mean selfishness or inability to make friends. The time has not yet come for these concepts. The child lives in a world of simple things that are in the subject area, for him there is something that can be felt or touched. Peers for a two-year-old child are some objects with which it is convenient or inconvenient to do something nearby, but he still does not know how to interact with them and does not feel the need for this. He tends to imitate exactly an adult or an older child. The child will adopt the actions of an adult person, provided, of course, that he causes sympathy, and not a peer. Moreover, two-year-old children do not filter the actions and behavior of an adult in any way. If they like this adult, they will take everything from him, both good and bad, down to his manner of sitting in a chair or drawing out words. The main thing is that the child finds it interesting and exciting. At the same time, if the teacher in the group kindergarten behaves coldly, aloofly and does not know how to emotionally win over children, they will find another object to follow. For example, it could be a babysitter.

A child of two years old learns the world by performing simple manipulations with the objects around him. He is interested in the subject and actions with it. The more various objects and actions surround him, the more freely he can act with them in this environment, the better baby develops. Therefore, at this age it is so easy to interest a child in any kind of creativity related to working with his hands, or to teach anything by presenting information through actions. It will be difficult for you to teach a two-year-old child letters by simply showing them in a book, it’s another matter if the letters are made of plastic, you can touch them, lay out a track from them, or put them in separate containers.

At two years old, the child already has certain achievements in the speech field. He understands a lot, and is just now starting to type his active vocabulary at a frantic pace. Talk to your child as often as possible. Not instead of him, but with him. Your phrases should be short, clear, bright and emotional. At the same time, you should not lisp and distort words. Talk to him like an adult, but figuratively and emotionally. It is noteworthy that those two-year-old children who have older brothers or sisters speak best. Why? Because they speak quite simply, and exactly what a two-year-old child is interested in. At the same time, in the games of older children there is something that activates the baby to speech: commands and actions that need to be performed. This is not the case in interactions with peers. If your toddler only plays with the same two-year-olds, then they definitely need someone who initiates joint play, for example, building a “castle” out of sand, or looking for a lost toy in the sandbox. This stimulates joint action, competition, and, therefore, causes the need to accompany all this with words.

The role of parents in the formation of speech is very important. But this does not mean that you need to harass the child with constant corrections and comments. Parents can greatly help a child by stimulating speech skills in the most different games. The main thing is that it should be emotional, fun and interesting. When looking at books, say simple phrases, inviting the child to finish them: the cat laps ... (milk), the rooster sits on ... (fence). Words that do not work, sing or pronounce together. studying soft toy, together try to answer the question, what is she like, describing her color, size, degree of fluffiness, character, temperature. Come up with games that are interesting for him. Play onomatopoeic games as often as possible - it's fun and develops articulation skills. Rolling the machine, you can depict how it purrs, puffs, hisses, grumbles, taps. Sing more, learn simple tongue twisters with your child - given that many adults do not succeed in them, a lot of fun is provided.

Crisis of two years

This is the same age of stubbornness that experienced parents are so well aware of. The constant “no” is not at all a character trait of your baby, it is a feature of this age. And here it is important to understand where this stubbornness came from and why the baby needs it. And understanding, you will finally be able to relax and not perceive eternal objections as a desire to annoy you.

The fact is that it is at this age that the child learns to control himself, both physically and psychologically. He can already go to the potty on his own, he can run away from his mother for a walk. And he understands that he is a completely separate person from his parents, with his own characteristics. This nascent sense of independence needs to be reinforced. By refusing to wear this particular shirt, eating porridge right now, or by forgetting that your phone is not a toy, although you have already forbidden to play with it, it simply tells you: “I am independent!”.

And here it is important for parents to behave with a certain flexibility. Breaking the stubbornness of the baby is dangerous for the formation of his personality. Give in all the time - you risk getting a self-confident tyrant. Don't say "yes" or "no" to your child. Distract him! You seem to remove the situation of confrontation, and no one remains either a winner or a loser. Baby doesn't want to wear this shirt? Offer to play the game “Where did the shirt hide?”, “Who will put on the shirt faster, me or you?”, Or just wait a couple of minutes, doing something else. Perhaps in a couple of minutes the shirt will no longer be so important. Draw the attention of the stubborn to something unusual and fun, show more imagination, and after a while he will begin to cooperate with you, because you let him know that you respect his opinion, and at the same time it is interesting with you. Always praise for obedience, but at the same time act as if there is no other situation at all.

Another technique: let the child understand where his area of ​​​​responsibility is, and where is yours. Listen to his opinion during games, act as if you are partners on an equal footing, but demand unquestioning obedience in matters of his safety and health. He must understand that this is not an area where it is somehow acceptable to “download rights”. At the same time, the more you play with him, giving him the opportunity to feel like an adult, the less he will want to be stubborn during dinner or before bed. As often as possible, start addressing him with the words “Do you want ...?” So that he can make a decision himself. Of course, not always a child is able to immediately understand that it is this cutlet that is more useful for him, and not this candy. This is where your propagandist skills come in handy. Gently lead him to this thought, or, better, think aloud together. Explain more, talk, tell short interesting stories - he will remember all this, and perhaps surprise you, just a couple of years later he will come from kindergarten and tell that Petya does not want to become strong and does not eat porridge. Only your stories should be sincere, and you yourself should be convinced of them. If you are trying to manipulate a child with interesting stories He will definitely notice. Never demand from a child what he is not yet capable of. Let him know in advance when it's time for bed or lunch, giving him the opportunity to switch from an interesting game to doing his duties.

Club of Passionate Moms

A child at 2 years old is perfectly developed physically. He runs fast, likes to jump, dance, overcome stairs, wall bars, play with a ball. And it's just wonderful: for a child early age physical development is paramount. But the intellectual development of a 2-year-old child also does not stand still. The kid is so active that it is difficult to keep him, he is quite restless, but he absorbs everything that happens around him like a sponge. This means that his memory, attention, speech and logical thinking.

Logical and mathematical development of a child at 2 years old

What a 2 year old can already do

• Knows basic geometric shapes.
• Distinguishes between the concepts of "one-many-few-none".
• Correctly folds the pyramid and matryoshka.
• Collects puzzles and cut pictures from 2-4 parts. Some children collect pictures from more details.
• Knows and distinguishes primary colors.

How to develop logical and mathematical thinking in 2 years

• Learn space-time concepts in a playful way. Hide the toy and help the baby find it by guiding him with excuses: “let's see if there is a bear under bed/ on the beds/ per chair/ on the bottom (top) cabinet shelf.
• Also, by the age of 3, a baby should be guided in the concepts of “day, morning, evening, night” and “today, yesterday, tomorrow”. Putting the child to bed, remember together with him what you did this morning and what - in the evening. Make plans for tomorrow.
• Offer sorting games. There are a lot of options. For example, shuffle cards with pictures of fruits and vegetables. Say that the toy bunny loves vegetables, and the squirrel likes fruits. Encourage your child to share treats correctly between toys.
• Teach your child simple counting. Don't rush to show the numbers. Count your fingers, the steps you have walked, the cars on the street. The kid, for sure, knows how to show with his fingers how old he is now. Learn with him how old he will be soon.

Speech of a 2 year old

How is the speech of a 2-year-old child developed?

• The vocabulary is rapidly enriched. The child actively uses 200-300 words.
• Improves pronunciation of many sounds.
• The child can form simple sentences using adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and pronouns.
• The kid is able to finish the lines of poetry, sing along to his favorite songs.
• By the end of the third year, questions appear in the baby's speech. Increasingly, the child comments on what is happening around.

1. Read books and look at pictures. Be sure to discuss with the child all the details, ask questions.
2. Arrange home theatrical performances. Now there are many ready-made table, finger, shadow theaters on sale. But you can do all this yourself. First, act out the scenes yourself, gradually offer the child the role of a puppeteer.
3. Work on speech breathing. The ability to hold your breath while exhaling is very important for the development of the speech apparatus. blow out bubble, blow into pipes, make a storm in a glass of water with cocktail tube, blow on dandelions, blow out candles. By the way, breathing exercises also have healing properties: they help saturate the body with oxygen, stimulate the work of the heart, brain, nervous system.
4. play simple speech games. For example, you start a phrase, the child finishes. “We have red at home ...”, “I like to play ...”. You can start playing games like "edible-inedible".

Development of memory and attention at 2 years

In connection with the active development of speech, the process of memory development is accelerated. Memorized information becomes clearer and more meaningful. Long-term memory begins to form. Improves concentration.

Do you want to play with your child easily and with pleasure?

What contributes to the intellectual development of a child in 2 years

• Music. It has long been proven that listening classical music beneficial effect on the development of the child's intelligence. If you have previously listened to the classics with your baby in the background, now try to tell him a fairy tale or story to the music, thereby forming associative thinking.
  A 2-year-old child listens to children's songs with pleasure, quickly memorizes words and sings along. Many children are happy to engage in logarithmics, performing movements to the music. The music of the Zheleznovs is perfect for this. You can read about other methods of musical development of a child.
• Drawing. A child at 2 years old is no longer just scribbling something shapeless on a piece of paper. He consciously draws lines and circles. Tries to draw portraits of loved ones. Tries to color pictures without going beyond the borders. At 2 years old, you can offer your child drawing lessons. For example, you draw a circle, and the child adds rays - it turns out the sun. Or you draw a girl, and there are balls in the sky. The kid can be asked to draw a thread to the girl’s hand for each ball.
• Games for the development of motor skills. It is no secret that exercises for the development of motor skills contribute to the development of speech, and, accordingly, the intellectual abilities of the child. Offer games with lacing, stringing, pouring, pouring. Play with sensory boxes. Sculpt and make applications.
• Role-playing games. At 2 years old, the child is seriously interested role playing. He puts to bed and feeds the dolls, plays in the store, in the clinic, in the restaurant. And this is a great opportunity to develop it intellectually. Try not to actively interfere in the child's play, take on a cameo role and naturally introduce elements of developmental activities into the game.

The intellectual development of a child at 2 years old is excellently facilitated by theme days and weeks. This is a great opportunity to comprehensively develop the baby. On our site you will find a large collection