The main types of constructors in educational activities preschoolers, taking into account the new Federal State Educational Standards The name of constructive activity comes from the Latin word constructio - construction. Children's construction refers to an activity in which children create various materials(paper, cardboard, wood, special building kits and constructors) a variety of game crafts (toys, buildings).

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The main types of constructors in educationalactivities of preschoolers, taking into account the new GEF

The name of constructive activity comes from the Latin word constructio - construction.
Underchildren's design is understood as an activity in which children create various game crafts (toys, buildings) from various materials (paper, cardboard, wood, special building kits and designers).
Construction is a rather difficult activity for children. In it we find a connection with the artistic, constructive and technical activities of adults.
The constructive and technical activity of adults is characterized by the practical purpose of structures and buildings. When performing a construction, an adult pre-thinks, creates a plan, selects material taking into account the purpose, work technique, external design, determines the sequence of actions.
All these elements are outlined in children's design. It also decidesconstructive tasks . Products children's design, as a rule, are intended for practical use in the game.
A. S. Makarenko emphasized that the child’s games with toys-materials from which he constructs “are closest to normal human activity: a person creates values ​​and culture from materials.”
Thus, the constructive activity of children is close to the constructive-technical activity of adults. The product of children's activity does not yet have social significance, the child does not introduce anything new either into the material or cultural values ​​of society. However, the guidance of children's activities by adults has the most beneficial effect on the labor education of preschoolers.
Children's construction can be visual and technical.
If the product of the constructive and technical activity of adults in the main always has a practical purpose (a building for a theater, a shop, etc.), then a children's building is not always made for direct practical use. So at first the children build a zoo with enthusiasm, but as soon as it was created, the building lost all interest for them. To the question: "Why don't they play?" - one girl answered: "It is not interesting to drive people around the zoo."
Such a phenomenon, when children do not play with a completed structure or construction, can often be observed. It seems that the child is interested in the constructive process itself, as if he is mastering something new, complex, interesting in it.
But in this pictorial design, the main content of constructive and technical activity is still present. If the child does not use crafts in his practice, then, creating it, he tries to display in it, if possible, everything that is necessary for the action. The principles of creating a product of constructive activity are the same as in design.
At the same time, it should be noted that often in pictorial construction in his buildings the child achieves a much greater resemblance to the surrounding objects than when they are intended for direct practical use in the game, while in the buildings for the game the child allows more conventions.
In such a building, it is important for him that there is the most necessary for the game. For example, in the course of the game it was necessary to fly on an airplane, so the presence of a steering wheel, wings and a seat for the pilot turned out to be sufficient. It does not matter that the built aircraft looks primitive: it fully satisfies the play needs of children. Another thing is when a child seeks to show different types aircraft. Then the children perform them with special constructive care. Thus, the nature and quality of the building does not always depend on the skills of children.
The existence of two types of children's design - fine and technical, each of which has its own characteristics - requires a differentiated approach in managing them.
The constructive activity of preschoolers is of the nature role play: in the process of creating a building or structure, children enter into play relationships - they do not just determine the duties of everyone, but perform certain roles, for example, a foreman, builder, foreman, etc. Therefore, the constructive activity of children is sometimes called a building game.

Types of construction in kindergarten

Depending on the material from which children create their buildings and structures, they distinguish:
construction from building materials;
construction from paper, cardboard, boxes, reels and other materials;
construction from natural materials.
Construction from play building materials is the most accessible and easy type of construction for preschoolers.
Details of construction kits are regular geometric bodies (cubes, cylinders, bars, etc.) with mathematically exact dimensions of all their parameters. This makes it possible for children, with the least difficulty, than from other materials, to obtain the design of an object, conveying the proportionality of its parts, their symmetrical arrangement. There are many kits for everyone. age groups kindergarten: board, for games on the floor, in the yard. Among them are thematic ones (“Architect”, “Cranes”, “Young Shipbuilder”, “Bridges”, etc.), which are used as an independent type of material for construction, and sometimes as a supplement to the main building set.
As a rule, in building sets, individual elements are fixed by overlapping each other, putting one to the other. In addition to building kits, "Constructors" are recommended, which have more durable connection methods. Most often used wooden with the most simple ways mounts. Metal ones are also used, in which the fastenings are more complex - with the help of screws, nuts, spikes, etc.
In the game "Designer" children learn to solve more complex constructive problems, get acquainted with different ways connecting parts, create all kinds of movable structures, while building kits are intended for the construction of mostly fixed buildings.
Construction from paper, cardboard, boxes, reels and other materials is a more complex type of construction in kindergarten. For the first time, children get to know him in the middle group.
Paper, cardboard are given in the form of squares, rectangles, circles, etc. Before making a toy, you need to prepare a pattern, lay out and stick details, decorations on it, make the necessary cuts, and only then fold and glue the toy. This whole process requires the ability to measure, use scissors. All this is much more complicated than constructing buildings by composing them from separate finished forms.
Boxes of perfume, powder, matches, pieces of colored wire, polystyrene foam, foam rubber, cork, etc. are actually a semi-finished product. By connecting boxes and coils with glue or wire, supplementing them with various details of other material, children get interesting toys - furniture, vehicles and other products.
Natural material as a building material can be used for children's games, starting from the second junior group. This is primarily sand, snow, water. From raw sand, children build a road, a house, a garden, a slide, bridges, with the help of forms (sandboxes) - pies, etc. At an older age, children freeze tinted water, preparing colored ice floes that decorate the site. From the snow they make a slide, a house, a snowman, figurines of animals.
Using natural material in their games, children get acquainted with its properties, learn to fill their free time with interesting activities. They learn that sand is free-flowing, but wet sand can be molded, water can be poured into different dishes, and in the cold it freezes, etc.
Starting from middle group, children make toys from natural material: branches, bark, leaves, chestnuts, pine cones, spruce, nutshells, straw, acorns, maple seeds, etc.
The peculiarity of crafts made from this material is that its natural form is used. Quality and expressiveness is achieved by the ability to notice in natural material similarity with objects of reality, to enhance this similarity and expressiveness by additional processing with the help of tools.
This activity is especially important for the development of fantasy in a child.
The list of different types of design in kindergarten shows that each of them has its own characteristics. However, the basics of activity are the same: in each child reflects the objects of the surrounding world, creates a material product, the result of the activity is intended mainly for practical application.

"Fröbel's Cubes" O Friedrich Fröbel - German humanist, teacher, author of the original system of education and training of preschoolers in a team, creator of the first kindergartens (1837). O For his kindergarten, he developed a set of games and toys that children received as a gift. O "Froebel Cubes" - set different kind prisms from maple tree, helping children develop motor skills, imagination - the prototype of modern building kits.

O The constructor was metal and consisted of various beams, corners, ceilings, wheels, brackets and other details. The set also included nuts, bolts, a screwdriver and a wrench, but there were no specific patterns. "Mechanical guide for beginners" - the first designer for boys 1901, the creator of the designer Frank Hornby from Liverpool (Great Britain)

O The inventor of the wooden constructor is the Austrian Ehan Korbuli, father of many children. O The constructor acquired the name Matador and entered the shelves in 1903, in the manufacture of parts, beech wood was used g. - the wooden constructor MATADOR was invented The youngest of his sons, Yekhan Korbuli, had the most favorite pastime of the collapse of all structures made of wooden cubes that were built by his elders brothers. Yekhan found a way out: he made holes in all the cubes in such a way that it was possible to connect them with wooden sticks.

Constructor "Pythagoras" Articulation of parts that can rotate relative to each other at an angle of up to 270

Snap-in Construction Set Transformable Educational Play Set (TIKO) - NPO RANTIS

Articulated construction set O Construction set with stick-shaped parts that are connected according to the joint principle. O Due to the shape of the parts, you can create dinosaur figures, skeletons, various techniques, DNA chains, etc. O The “joint” attachment is movable: the built dinosaur can “walk”, “turn” its head, etc.

Flexible curvilinear contour kits O Kits made of thin flexible plastic tubes different lengths, interconnected by means of rigid plastic fasteners. O The flexibility of details gives smooth lines and allows you to model objects, both inanimate and living nature. O From multi-colored tubes, interesting shapes are obtained, with the properties of which the child can experiment: twist, squeeze, turn inside out, etc.

Like a constructor. Today, hundreds of firms are engaged in the production of children's designers. But which of the brands on the market can be considered the best? After all, after all, for the child we choose ...
1

The name is derived from "Leg Godt", which means "play well" in Danish. This company has been on the market since 1949, and during this time LEGO has created not only a unique world of children's construction sets, but also games, contests, films and amusement parks. Today there are more than 100 types of LEGO sets, these are constructors on various topics, and sets based on popular movies and cartoons. The basis of the designer are multi-colored plastic bricks, small figures of various heroes, etc. Everything that the child collects is then disassembled and something else is assembled, and so without repetition many times. All sets are compatible with each other, and by accumulating several different ones, your child can build an entire empire. The only disadvantage of LEGO is the existence of a great many fakes. Be careful when buying.

2

AT last years electronic constructors "Znatok" - the best on the market of toys for children school age. With it, your child will not only learn the basics of electronics, but will also be able to independently assemble more than a hundred different devices. For example, a real radio! Safety, ease of assembly (without soldering) and efficiency of circuits - "Znatok" will give a wonderful pastime to a child interested in science and technology.

3

The company produces educational construction kits for children from 1 to 5 years old. There are different sets for boys and girls. From large, bright details, children easily assemble various designs with figures of people, animals, etc. Numbers and letters on the details allow you to compose words and numbers in the process. Also popular are sets for children from 7 years old - these are models of equipment and buildings from popular children's games and films.

4

The Chinese manufacturer entered our list due to interesting solutions in their toys and very high quality. The child can assemble and disassemble the designers of this company literally piece by piece. For this, special tools are included. Matryoshka cars, robotic animals, transforming houses - all this is a new look at the children's construction kit, which, judging by the demand, the children liked.

This children's kit allows you to assemble structures without the participation of adults due to the simplicity of assembly schemes. It also stands out for the price. Of course, the brightness and quality of parts are somewhat lower than those of similar imported sets, but for many families, it is the favorable price that is the decisive factor when buying. In general, the popularity of the "City of Masters" is at the level of leading manufacturers.

6

The famous German company specializes in wooden construction sets. Educational sets for the youngest children are classic building blocks of different shapes and colors. In terms of quality and idea, the designer is simply wonderful, forcing the baby and, most importantly, to think - after all, if you act carelessly, then high buildings cannot be built. Fine motor skills, coordination, familiarity with shapes, colors, thinking and logic - this is what this seemingly simple wooden constructor is aimed at developing.

7

This constructor will be of interest to inquisitive schoolchildren. Most models are designed for ages 7 to 13. But younger children and older children will also have something to think about. The GIGO dynamic construction set will show children how to generate energy in an ecological way and help them master them in practice. The energy of the sun, wind, water, salt, etc., embodied in technology and supplied simple diagrams assemblies - that's why the designers "Gigo" have become very popular with children of middle school age.

8

Huge potential for children's creativity contained in this constructor, which is designed for ages 3 years and older. The designer has only five types of parts of a peculiar shape, fastened together without special devices (screws, nuts, etc.). In this way, the child creates whatever he wants, without design restrictions: from a tree and a dinosaur to a real bicycle, and all this from one constructor set. The more of these interesting details a child has, the larger structures he will be able to build. Both boys and girls, using only their imagination, can create and learn at the same time!

9 "Meccano" (France)

This brand is over 100 years old! Perhaps this explains the absolute dissimilarity of the designers of this company. Some kits even have rubber parts that are quite compatible with the same plastic and metal ones. Quality at the highest level! The constructor serves for a long time and does not break for many years - this is how satisfied parents describe it. All sets are equipped with electric motors, and the model assembled by the child, whether it be a car or a robot, moves and is controlled using a special remote control. The only drawback, which is also highlighted by the parents themselves, is the high price. But you have to pay for quality...

10 "Quercetti" (Italy)

Our top is completed by "Italian gears"! Very unusual, bright designer for children from 3 to 12 years old. A set of gears, chains, bushings and other parts used to create various gears, with a very dynamic movement. The company also produces mosaics of varying complexity, which will also help in the versatile development of the child.
Buy constructors for children, not just toys - the child should always have room for creativity!

Every child should have a constructor. Many children are interested in it because of its colored cubes and different shapes. But the parent knows that this is not just a toy and entertainment, but a very useful pastime for the child. Not only will your child get tired of the constructor very soon, because thanks to the many different figures, the child will be able to build more than one structure, for example, different houses, castles and fortresses, it also has an educational character.

Through play, the child develops imagination, logical thinking, motor skills of fingers, he studies shapes and forms, develops creativity, creativity and, most importantly, perseverance, because this is what kids sometimes lack in the future, especially when studying at school. Having built a castle or a house, the child sees the final result and this forms purposeful qualities in him.

Parents should definitely remember that they would participate with the child in his development. Help him build, prompt in case of problems with construction, but the main part of the work should be done exactly by the kid on his own. Your participation will contribute to the formation of trusting relationships, which is very important for the child.

Types of constructors

Any constructor will be useful and help the development of your child, but some are more suitable for small ones, and some for older children. Also, depending on the gender and preferences of the crumbs, you can choose the ideal option for him, based on the following types:

• for very young children, wooden or plastic ones are suitable cubes. Pictures are pasted on them from all sides, thanks to which, it will be interesting for the child to play with them. Exist mazayka constructors, with the help of which, he will be able to add a certain picture. At the age of two years, the baby can add other figures to the cubes: cones, bars or pyramids;
• for slightly older kids preschool age, fit metal constructors. It looks like small plates with holes for fastening parts with screws. This option is suitable for boys, as with its help they will learn how to use wrench, screwdriver and other tools. This forms the male principle in the boy, and develops an interest in inventions;
• are very interesting and amusing soft constructors. All parts are soft, environmentally friendly material that is not dangerous for the child. This toy is more suitable for the little ones. It will allow you to develop imagination and fantasy in the baby, as well as tactile sensations;
• of course, the most popular are the designers from plastic materials. Now there are wonderful models that do not need to be connected with the help of screws and nuts, they are attached using magnets, for example, here is a large selection of magnetic constructors for children: http://bambini-land.ru/catalog/konstruktory/;
• wooden. They are less functional than plastic ones, but if you buy unpainted ones, then the harmfulness of the wooden material is much less than that of even the highest quality plastic.

Choosing such a designer, you need to be extremely careful. It should not contain strong odors and be made of environmentally friendly and harmless plastic. it universal option for all ages. For the little ones, you should choose a set with large and more colorful parts, and for older children, different thematic sets are perfect, from the details of which they will build railway or police station. And for girls, there are sets with the ability to assemble a princess palace, or a house for Barbie.

Now not a single kindergarten can do without designers, and in many families you can find such a toy. After all, everyone is well aware that the designer provides positive influence on the development of the child.

The designer is one of the developing toys for the child. They are simple and complex. You can choose the appropriate option for a child of any age. And what does the market of goods offer us today? Types of designers, as well as their features and the most popular manufacturing companies, we will consecrate in this article.

Cubes

The most popular type of constructor is cubes. Children start playing with them from the age of 2. True, at this age it is interesting for them to add 6-8 cubes; they do not have enough attention for large buildings. But gradually the children grow up, and already in kindergarten they create entire palaces from the modules. Cubes are one of the most popular types of constructor in kindergarten. What could be easier - to plant 3-4 children, and let them do it. But only an inexperienced teacher thinks so. After all, not all children are well socialized and not every child knows how to share. So, in addition to fine motor skills and imagination, cubes can develop and moral qualities child. He can help his neighbor to make ceilings in the house or build a roof.

Children love to break their crafts. They do it not from evil, they are just wondering what is inside the structure. In this regard, cubes are a very convenient toy. From them you can collect, and then break the houses, and then collect again.

Soft

This type of constructor is rarely bought by parents for their child. Soft modules are too voluminous, and they have no place in an ordinary apartment. But for kindergartens and private children's centers, this type of constructor is ideal. On a large area, a child can build a whole house from soft modules. Such a constructor plays more entertaining than educational role. It is difficult for a small child to fully grasp the detail of the designer, and for large children this type of entertainment is no longer interesting.

building kits

One of the most popular such designers is Lego. Its types can be varied. There are sets that include parts of various sizes (bricks, cubes, plates, bars and a roof), and there are those that consist only of bricks or cubes. It is better to take the kind of constructor that consists of different forms. Such a toy will be to your taste and little child, and when the child grows up, interest in "Lego" will not be lost. All parts of the designer have a kind of fastening. To collect any form, you have to try. Therefore, it is better to teach the child to first fold the cubes and only then switch to Lego. A house assembled from cubes breaks easily, but a structure made of plastic parts is not so easy to break. And the child should be ready for this. It is better to give "Lego" to children when they are 4-5 years old.

Thematic sets

Among these types of constructors "Lego" is in the lead. Of course, now there are many Chinese fakes that copy the principle of collecting the legendary toy and are even compatible with it, but parts quickly fade and break. Therefore, it is still worth overpaying for quality. Among the thematic sets there are age distinctions. Construction sets are designed for children from two years old. For the smallest builders, Lego offers large colored pieces that can be used to build any architectural form. For older children, thematic constructors are presented in the form of ninja turtles or heroes star wars. But Lego doesn't just make building blocks for preschoolers. For children 9 years old, you can purchase a set of "masterpieces of world architecture." The details in such a constructor are small, and the collection process itself will take more than one free evening.

Electronic

It will be interesting to collect such designers not only for children. Many mothers who have already forgotten physics can join the cognitive process. Most involve the collection of some kind of device. With a child, you can make a real radio and explain to him simply and quickly what an electrical network is. Moreover, in the process of such an educational game, you don’t even have to use a soldering iron. This type of constructor will help the child to study better at school, as well as to gain basic knowledge in physics and chemistry.

Magnetic

This type of constructor is very original. You can build any structures from magnetic squares and easily transform flat objects into three-dimensional ones. Even a child of 3 years old can cope with such a task. With the help of a magnetic designer, you can study colors with children, as well as simple and complex geometric shapes. Do not be afraid that the child can disassemble the details of the designer into parts. If you buy a quality set, it will be simply impossible to break its parts.

Bolted Constructors

Children love to take toys apart. A set with a bolted connection is the kind of constructor that allows you to do this. You can buy a car or an airplane, and your child will be happy to see what the toy has inside. The kit comes with a small screwdriver. All the details are quite large, but if the child has a habit of trying everything on the tooth, then it is better not to leave him alone with such a constructor.

What are constructors made of?

The most popular materials are plastic, wood and metal. Often all these components can be found in one constructor for children. There are various types of development kits, and each of them meets a specific purpose. Wooden cubes are suitable for small children who are just starting to explore this world. "Lego" is ideal for children from 3 years old who can already build a house, fence, playground or castle on their own. But it is better to buy metal constructors for schoolchildren.

Which constructor to choose for a child

Parents should know the preferences of their children. If mom and dad come to give their child a designer, then they should consider how interesting this toy will be for their child. After all, not all children like complex and painstaking work. Despite the need for everyone without exception. After all, it is with the help of this game that parents can easily teach a child to distinguish colors, as well as develop attention, motor skills and perseverance.

Types of construction sets for children who prefer active games to passive games should be large and bright. With such blocks you can run and play. You can jump on soft modules, and having collected a slide for yourself, the child will be able to ride on it.

For assiduous children, it is better to purchase Lego. They will enjoy long hours building robots, ships or castles. And also to invent playgrounds and build streets. For older children, you can purchase already full-fledged models. Even adults will like such designers. The main goal of this game is to assemble a prototype of a military ship, a racing car or a pre-revolutionary steam locomotive.

For inquisitive children, electronic designers will be an excellent option. And also such a toy can be given as a gift active child, in order to captivate him with something other than football and catching up.

Popular constructor manufacturers

"Lego" occupies one of the leading places in the production of children's toys. This brand is famous all over the world. The types of children's designers that Lego produces are diverse and of good quality.

"Samodelkin" is a domestic manufacturer that manufactures sets of metal spare parts. Such a constructor will help to assemble a train, plane or ship for a child. These sets are suitable for junior and senior students.

"Magnetik" and "Smartmax" produce magnetic construction kits. These firms are popular for their quality products that do not break or fade.

"Connoisseur" is a domestic constructor that will help a child learn the basics of physics and chemistry. The electronic designer will be interesting for both children and parents. But leaving a child alone with such a toy is not worth it.