For many parents, a healthy child is a child with good appetite. And if the baby refuses to eat or eats little during the day, then this is a signal: something is wrong with him, he is sick. But is everything so clear? Is poor appetite always a sign of ill health? Let's figure it out.

Nutrition for a child up to a year

The question of how to feed a child up to a year, as a rule, does not arise. Up to six months, the main food of the baby is breast milk or an adapted formula. After six months, the child begins to try new products that the parent offers. Someone starts with cereals, someone - with fruits or vegetables. The main rule of feeding is caution. A new product should be introduced gradually, observing the reaction of the baby. Some parents practice pedagogical complementary foods. The main essence of this direction can be stated in the following theses:

Nutrition after a year

Many children by the age of one have already tried the main products. How to feed a child is a question that should not confuse parents. Now it’s not difficult to come up with a menu for the crumbs for the day. The diet of the baby should be varied: meat, fish, cereals, pasta, sour-milk and dairy products, vegetables and fruits. The time that should elapse between meals is 3.5-4 hours. The daily menu consists of 4-5 meals. In this case, before going to bed, it is better to give the child kefir or yogurt, milk formula. By the age of one and a half years, the "right" sweets can be added to the child's diet: honey, marshmallows, jam. With sweets and chocolates, it is better to wait until three years.

Who are these little ones?

Children who do not have a good appetite, and during the day they rarely sit down at the table to eat the next portion, are called small children. Many modern parents faced such a problem. Someone refers to this as a stage in the development of the child, someone begins to sound the alarm, believing that the child is sick. In order to be sure that the baby really does not receive the substances necessary for development, a special technique has been developed - a food diary. Every day for several weeks, the parent writes down in a notebook what the child ate. Be sure to indicate the number of grams of the product eaten, this is necessary for an accurate calculation of calories. For each age, there is a norm for the amount of energy that a child receives from food eaten:

• From six months to a year - 800 kcal.
• From one to three years - 1300-1500 kcal.
• From three years to six years - 1800-2000 kcal.
• From six to ten years - 2000-2400 kcal.
• From ten to thirteen years - 2900 kcal.

The above indicators are averaged, you should not strictly focus on them, because each child is individual. But if, according to your calculations, the difference is large, then you need to think about it and contact a specialist.

Why is the child not eating well?

The reasons poor appetite that are not related to health can be grouped into five groups:

• The child eats only those foods that he likes best in terms of taste. Often parents complain that children do not eat cereals, soups, meat dishes at all. But fruits, sweets, or, for example, sausages, they do not need to be forced to eat. In this case we are talking not about the child's poor appetite, but about the selective one. If the parents are satisfied with this, then nothing can be changed. Otherwise, explain to the child that for breakfast - porridge, for lunch - soup, for dinner - cottage cheese casserole. And there are no alternatives. If the baby refuses the proposed dish, then let him know that the next meal will be in 3-4 hours. Those who are especially worried that the child will suffer from hunger, we will reassure. If you stick to the planned tactics and do not offer the child other food, then soon he will be happy to eat what you have prepared.
• The second reason has something in common with the first - it's snacking. If the baby constantly interrupts his appetite with various snacks, then, of course, he will not want to touch the soup that his mother prepared with love. In this case, it is also recommended to limit the child in snacks between main meals.
• The child is an individual. He may have his own characteristics of digestion, his own growth rate, type of character. For example, one kid runs like a top all day, jumps, does not sit still for a second, and the other, on the contrary, loves quiet games, sit with a book, draw. The calorie content of the daily menu in the first case may be higher, but the first baby is thin, and the second is well-fed. Therefore, the child's appetite is directly dependent on physical activity. Also, the stage of development of the baby affects the desire to eat. Children in the active growth phase have increased appetite. The main thing to focus on when deciding whether to enroll your child in the ranks of the little ones is to match the level of his development.
• The next point follows from the previous one. Children who are actively involved in sports, as a rule, do not suffer from the problem of poor appetite. After all, spent on physical exercises energy needs to be replenished. And a sports child will never refuse the proposed dish.
• Often children who refuse to eat hear from their elders: “Until you eat, you won’t leave the table”, “You won’t eat, you won’t grow up”, “You won’t eat, you won’t get sweet / toy / cartoon”. Such tactics of manipulation and threats do not lead to an appetite. Therefore, if a child refuses to eat, do not force him to get hungry - eat.

What to do

Partially, the topic “how to help a child if he does not eat anything” is touched upon above. But still, a detailed analysis will not hurt. Here are a number of rules, under which the relationship between the child and healthy food will improve:

• If the baby refuses to eat, then it is not necessary to force it. He knows when he's hungry.
• Avoid harmful foods in the diet, including sweets, cookies, buns, cakes. They leave no room for healthy food.
• Snacks should not replace main meals, so they should be limited.
• Provide your child with physical activity according to age.
• Spend more time outdoors.
• Consistency. If you decide to limit the number of snacks, not to replace the main meals with your child's favorite foods, then be consistent.
• The parent is an example for the child. In choosing food and favorite foods, mom and dad are the main guidelines.
• Try to change the serving of dishes. Apply decoration, artistic cutting of vegetables and fruits. After all, it is much more interesting to eat porridge, on which a muzzle is depicted with the help of berries and jam, and soup - if "flowers" of carrots float in it.

What to feed the kids for dinner

This question has been moved to a separate topic, because eating before bed is very important. After all, having eaten the wrong foods for dinner, a child may wake up at night from hunger or vice versa - sleep poorly due to heaviness in the stomach. What to feed the child for dinner:

• Cottage cheese dishes - casseroles, cheesecakes, mixtures with dried fruits and berries.
• Egg dishes - scrambled eggs, boiled eggs, scrambled eggs.
• Kashi.
• Dishes from boiled, baked, stewed vegetables - stews, casseroles, etc.
• Vegetable and fruit salads.
• Kefir, yogurt, ryazhenka.

Parenting Tricks

To solve the problem of how to feed a child if he refuses to eat, parents can use little tricks, or, as it is now fashionable to say, life hacks:

• Offer to eat liquid food - broths, kissels, compotes, vegetable broths - through a straw.
• Serve the next dish using a bright package that resembles a candy wrapper.
• Invite the child to participate in the process of cooking lunch, dinner, breakfast, as a rule, children do not refuse food prepared by them.
• Use bright dishes, forks, spoons.
• Use the original names of common dishes: horse porridge, Winnie the Pooh soup, Puss in Boots cutlets.
• Sayings, funny rhymes will make the process of eating interesting.

Recipes: how to feed a child

There are a lot of options for dishes that many children will appreciate. Today, many parents share their experience in preparing food for their crumbs. Below are a few recipes that will allow mothers to solve the problem of how to feed a child if he does not eat anything.

Recipe 1: cottage cheese casserole with banana

What to feed a child in a year? The answer is cottage cheese casserole. There are many variations of this dish. One popular way is to combine cottage cheese and banana.

• low-fat cottage cheese - 200 grams;
• 1 medium banana;
• 1 egg;
• 1 tablespoon of sugar;
• 1 tablespoon semolina.

The cooking process begins with mixing all the ingredients. The order in which the ingredients are added is not important. To simplify, use a blender. After the products turn into a homogeneous mass, leave it for a couple of minutes so that the semolina swells. Then spread the mass into molds and bake in the oven for 20-30 minutes.

Recipe 2: Chicken Cutlets "Flowers"

A good option for feeding a child at 2 years old can be tender chicken cutlets.

For cooking you will need:

• Chicken fillet - 900 grams.
• 2-3 slices of white bread.
• Breadcrumbs for breading (optional).
• Butter.
• Milk, salt to taste.

First, soak the bread in milk. In the meantime, chop the fillet in a meat grinder, for a more delicate texture, repeat the process several times. After wringing out the bread and add to the resulting minced meat, salt, add butter. Mark the meat well and form into small patties. Put them in flower-shaped baking dishes and put them in the oven for 30-40 minutes.

Recipe 3: Chicken Soup Without Potatoes

This recipe will go into the piggy bank quick ways cooking. As a rule, chicken soups are one of the favorites of children. But it happens that potatoes. A solution to the problem of how to feed a child if he does not eat potatoes is chicken

For cooking you will need:

• 2 chicken drumsticks, skinned.
• 1 small onion.
• 1 carrot, which can be cut in advance in the shape of a flower.
• Curly pasta.

Put the chicken thighs to boil. After the first boil, drain the broth. Use secondary broth to prepare baby food. Once the chicken is cooked, take it out and let it cool. Since many children do not like boiled onions, throw the whole onion into the broth. Add shredded carrots. Let the broth boil for about 15 minutes. Meanwhile, cut the chicken into small pieces and throw it into the soup. The very last ingredient will be pasta. Alternatively, boil them separately and add to the soup when serving.

For parents, a long-awaited holiday is coming - their baby turns a year old. The first milk teeth have already appeared, the little one has grown up, has taken the first steps. It continues to develop rapidly. It is no longer as intense as in the previous 12 months, so it can be worse. However, in many ways, the usefulness of development depends on the child's menu at 1 year old.

Whether he was breastfed, mixed or artificial: by the year the baby's digestive system is already prepared to receive a variety of foods. But when feeding him from this age, there are certain rules and taboos. How to feed a child from 1 year old is a question that young parents often look for an answer to. Let's figure it out.

What to feed

Food for the human body is a source of energy and building material. This is especially true for the child's body. Receiving a balanced, nutritious diet, the baby grows rapidly, develops correctly, he has good immunity and good health. For children with a weakened body from birth, proper nutrition is even more important.

• proteins - 53 g;
• fats - 53 g;
• carbohydrates - 212 g.

Milk and dairy products remain the food product that plays a major role in the formation of all systems of the child's body per year. He should consume at least 750 ml of milk per day. The breastfed baby continues to drink mother's milk, but he will do it less often - only 2-3 times a day. The baby's food becomes four times a day. These are breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner. The last meal should be no later than two hours before bedtime. But if the child asks, he can drink some milk with cookies.

Soups cooked on vegetable or chicken, weak, fillet broth are introduced into the diet of the crumbs. An important place in his diet is occupied by milk porridges with well-boiled cereals (“slurry”). Sometimes they can be replaced with cereals in water or vegetable broth.

Meat and fish dishes should be on the menu of a 1 year old child daily. Chicken eggs (but not more than 3 per week), cottage cheese, dishes from it, yogurts also make up a significant part of the diet. The menu must contain jellies, puddings, casseroles, vegetable and fruit purees, steam cutlets, stewed vegetables.

Seasonal fruits are introduced into the menu gradually, in small quantities, taking into account the reaction of the child's body to them. This is especially true of strawberries, raspberries, apricots. Citrus fruits are not recommended for children of this age.

From drinks, it is advisable for kids to drink kissels, cocoa, weakly brewed tea, it is possible with herbs, children's juice, compote.

The total daily calorie content of food for a child at this age should be 100-120 kcal per 1 kg of weight. At one meal, he should eat 250-270 g.

Advice
Be sure to give your child clean drinking water without additives. Tea, compote and other drinks do not replace water.

Do's and Don'ts

From the age of one, a child can eat almost any food and dish, but there are a few exceptions to avoid digestive problems and allergic reactions. When finding out the answer to the question of how to feed a child from one year old correctly, it is better to familiarize yourself with the scientific approach to menu planning. It is developed by pediatricians, taking into account all the features of the development of the child's body.

It is very important for children from one year and older - compliance with the daily routine. This also applies to meal times. For the normal functioning of the body systems, the child must sleep and eat strictly on time. The exception is trips with parents, visits to the doctor. But here, too, it is necessary to allow as few disruptions as possible in the baby's daily routine.

Not desirable

Sugar in the diet for a year and up to three years is highly discouraged. The child can occasionally be given some honey, homemade jam, marmalade and not too sweet cookies. This is due to the prevention of obesity, caries, allergies, diabetes.

It is forbidden:

• mushrooms;
• chocolate;
• carbonated drinks;
• coffee;
• strong tea;
• smoked meats;
• sausages;
• fried foods;
• fatty food;
• canned food (except for children).

You can not overfeed the child, give him large quantity food than prescribed by the norms of children's nutrition. This is usually the fault of grandmothers, who constantly think that the baby is malnourished. The result is often overweight and obesity.

sample menu

Many pediatricians recommend adapting the diet of a one-year-old baby to the family one, but excluding from it foods that are not desirable at this age. It is no longer necessary to grind the ingredients into puree, the baby must learn to chew well solid food. But at first, until the age of one and a half years, until 10 teeth appeared, you can knead some dishes with a fork or serve as before in the form of mashed potatoes. However, it is not worth rushing to seat a child of one year at the common table. In this case, the whole family should eat balanced, absolutely healthy food. If there are foods prohibited for him on the table, then it is better to cook and feed the baby separately.

The table below indicates sample menu a child of 1 year for every day.

Dishes and products can be replaced, depending on the capabilities of the family and the preferences of the child at one time or another. The menu of a sick baby is also adjusted - depending on the condition. The diet of weakened children with chronic diseases, allergic manifestations can radically differ from the general menu.

Breakfast should be approximately 25% of the daily diet, lunch - 35%, afternoon tea - 15%, dinner - 25%. Between breakfast and lunch, a snack in the form of an apple or unsweetened cookies is allowed. Daily norm of bread: white - 40 g, rye - 10 g.

Food with whims

A child in a year has already decided on his preferences in food and begins to complain or play pranks if he does not like the dish. Young parents often make the same mistake - they force him to eat a product that is useful, in their opinion, by force. The well-known pediatrician Komarovsky and other children's doctors are sure that this should not be done.

Advice
The baby does not want mashed broccoli today, which he ate with pleasure yesterday - give him a carrot. Refuses vegetables altogether - replace them with fruits for a while.

If you insist too much, then the child will generally have a persistent aversion to the product. The same goes for porridge. Potatoes and pasta can come to replace them for a short time. Even the milk of a child a year should not be forced to drink if he does not want to. Let some time do without it.

You should not persistently fight the whims of a baby a year and older regarding food. Even such a little man has already developed intuition in relation to food. What his body requires at this moment, he will eat with pleasure. Moreover, an equivalent replacement for one or another ingredient in his diet can always be found by choosing the required amount of vitamins and minerals in a serving. Such a policy regarding the temporary whims of the baby will help him forget about them and start eating what was rejected again.

The benefits of individual dishes

Some products have a special nutritional value and are indispensable in baby food. Some of their valuable properties are below.

This fermented milk product, due to the presence of valuable proteins and amino acids in it, has irreplaceable biological and nutritional value. In addition, it is easily absorbed by the body, without causing negative reactions even in children under one year old. In its composition:

• folic acid;
• vitamin B 2;
• calcium;
• phosphorus.

The substances that cottage cheese contains promote growth, strengthen bones, weight gain, hematopoiesis, and have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the child's digestive system.

early berries

At the end of May, at the beginning of June, strawberries and wild strawberries begin to ripen. They contain vitamins C, E, folic acid, biotin, organic acids, iron. These components well replenish the supply of vitamins in the baby's body after a depleted autumn-winter period, and contribute to hematopoiesis. Weakened children can receive strawberries with cream or sour cream, strawberry puree can be added to cereals or cottage cheese. But if these berries cause an allergic reaction, then their number should be minimal or they are completely excluded from the menu.

green vegetables

Early cabbage, sorrel, spinach, green onions, green peas, dill, parsley are rich in biologically active substances, vitamins C, B, E. Since they are eaten without heat treatment, they retain all their beneficial qualities, help improve the condition of blood vessels , the work of the digestive system, replenish the reserves of vitamins and minerals in the child's body. These vegetables must be present in the menu of a one-year-old baby.

The composition of the red root crop includes carotene, flavonoids, provitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B, B 2. This is what makes it an indispensable product of the children's menu. Carrots and dishes from it help to improve vision, the condition of the skin, the development of the brain, improve digestion, metabolism, increase immunity, have medicinal properties. It should be used with caution if there are problems with the intestines.

Recipes for a one year old baby

One way or another, mom or grandmother has to cook for a child of 1 year old separately. He can eat only some dishes from the common table if they are prepared in compliance with all requirements and recommendations. The basic rules for such cooking should be:

• absolute freshness of the products used;
• cleanliness and hygiene in cooking is more thorough than for adults;
• the child should eat only freshly prepared, not warmed up food;
• food should not be hot to avoid burns;
• the appearance of the dish should be attractive to the baby.

Rice soup with meat broth

Required products.

The broth for soup intended for a child of 1 year old should not be greasy, not strong. To prepare it, you need to take a chicken or turkey fillet - 100 grams.

In addition, you will need:

• 2 glasses of purified water;
• 0.5 cups of rice;
• 1.4 sweet peppers;
• 0.5 medium carrots.

Cooking

Fill the well-washed fillet with water, bring to a boil over low heat, removing the foam. Boil the broth for 15-20 minutes. The meat must be removed, strain the broth through cheesecloth. In the broth we lay well-washed rice, finely chopped sweet pepper, grated carrots, add a little salt. Boil until the rice is ready, at the end add fresh parsley.

Ingredients

• broccoli;
• cauliflower;
• cream;
• purified water;
• salt to taste.

Cooking

Boil broccoli and cauliflower in salted water until tender. Cool, disassemble into inflorescences, put in a blender, add cream, puree the mass.

Instead of cauliflower, you can use pumpkin, zucchini or boiled lean meat. Instead of cream, you can add vegetable broth and a little vegetable oil.

It will take:

• chicken fillet, turkey fillet, veal, rabbit meat (optional);
• egg;
• bread soaked in milk or oatmeal;
• salt to taste;
• onion.

How to cook

Wash the meat thoroughly, dry it in a towel, cut into pieces. Soak bread or oatmeal in milk. Grind the meat into minced meat, add bread or cereal, egg, onion (optional), add some salt. You can add finely chopped greens. Mix well and form into small balls. Then we shift the meatballs into a deep frying pan, add boiling water and simmer over low heat for 10-15 minutes. At the end, you can add cream or sour cream, a little tomato (if the child likes). It is allowed and very convenient to cook meatballs in a double boiler or in the oven.

Products for the dish

• cottage cheese - 0.5 kg;
• semolina - 1/3 cup;
• fresh chicken eggs - 3 pcs.;
• sugar - 100 grams;
• salt;
• raisin;
• vanilla sugar - 1 sachet.

How to cook

The whole family will enjoy this dish. Well, the kid will get a piece. There is no need to remind you that the products must be fresh. So. We knead the cottage cheese well or pass it through a meat grinder, salt a little.

Next, separate the whites from the yolks. Beat egg whites with half the sugar until fluffy. Yolks, remaining sugar, vanilla sugar, semolina, washed raisins - add all this to the curd and mix well. Add the whites last, gently mixing in one direction with a spoon. Leave some protein.

Pour the curd mass into a parchment-lined, oiled form, level the surface. Top with the remaining proteins mixed with sour cream.

We bake in the oven at a temperature of 180-200 °. Readiness is determined by a dry straw and a ruddy top.

Kissel

To prepare a jelly for a child at 1 year old, you only need fresh fruits and berries or fresh fruit juices. There should not be any concentrates. Kissels for a child's body are very necessary and important, as they contain a lot of useful elements. There is no need to add sugar to the jelly, especially if there is enough of it in berries or fruits. Honey when heated to high temperatures releases harmful substances, so that they can sweeten a ready-made, cooled drink.

Cooking jelly is easy. Mix water with starch until a suspension is obtained, slowly pour into boiling juice or fruit broth with constant stirring. Bring to a boil, after 2 minutes the jelly is ready. A one-year-old child is enough one glass a day. But not daily.

Advice
Tasty and healthy jelly is made from milk with the addition of vanilla, cinnamon, cocoa. You can add milk to the ready-cooled jelly. It forms intricate patterns, and after stirring it will make the drink even tastier and healthier.

Conclusion

The most important thing in the menu of a 1-year-old child is complete, healthy food. Products that are offered to a baby at this age should provide his body with all the necessary vitamins, minerals and substances for proper development and growth. The main task of parents is to choose such food for the child. His future health, physical and mental development depends on this.

Every mother wants to see her child healthy and from the first days of his life begins to give him everything he needs. This is breast milk, which has useful substances and trace elements necessary for the growth and strengthening of the child's body.

However, in addition to the feeding process itself, other factors are important - proper care at the breast, ease of position, pumping, the need for supplementary feeding, etc.

Find out all the nuances from our article: how to properly feed a newborn baby, the rules for breast milk and formula feeding, nutritional features with mixed feeding, how often and after what period of time to feed the baby (schedule and rate of food intake for the baby).

natural feeding

In the first year breast milk is a vital food for the baby. In order for this period to bring only joy to the baby and mother, you should know about the basic rules of feeding.

What determines the amount of milk a mother has

The amount of milk can be affected by:

• transferred stresses;
• insufficient sleep;
• mother's dietary habits;
• insufficient physical activity;
• fatigue;
• hereditary predisposition;
• lack of rest.

Breast size does not affect the amount of milk. Neither the shape of the nipple nor the type of milk matters.

Breastfeeding rules and breast care

When feeding, there is only one rule - feeding should be carried out in a separate room where there is no one but mother and baby.

It does not matter what position will be taken during feeding - sitting, lying, standing; the main thing is complete relaxation and comfort.

Separately, you need to talk about pumping and breast massage. These procedures should be carried out in the first 3-4 weeks after childbirth. Then the flow of milk is normalized.

Before expressing and massaging, hands and breasts should be washed with soap and water. Alcohol-based products should not be used.

Normal baby soap- excellent antiseptic. It is also necessary to ensure that the detergent does not remain on the chest after washing procedures.

It is not recommended to use soap before each feeding. The tool is able to remove the fatty film that protects the mammary glands from external influences.

Therefore, it is necessary to wash the breast only once a day. If necessary, warm running water is sufficient.

The massage itself is not difficult. However, make sure that the glands are of the same density. When seals are detected, massage is carried out in this area more intensively.

The chest is supported by one hand from below. The second with the help of 4 fingers you need to massage the mammary gland in a circular motion starting at the ribs and moving towards the nipple. The hand that supports the chest from below should not be inactive - the technique is similar.

At the site of compaction, movements do not increase, only the duration of the massage increases.

Pumping is an important step for a nursing mother. If left unattended, an excess amount of milk will lead to the development of mastitis.

So, pumping should involve only two fingers- index and large. It is important to press not on the nipple, but on the tissue of the gland. by the most effective method pumping - using a breast pump.

Many of the difficulties associated with natural feeding are the appearance of cracks and abrasions on the nipples. These phenomena occur due to:

• child's activity;
• characteristics of the mother's skin;
• inadequate hygiene.

Preventive measures must be followed. This includes:

• the nipple after feeding should always be dry (for this, it is blotted with sterile gauze);
• cleanliness of the chest;
• a nursing mother should not wear underwear containing synthetics - only cotton;
• the child should capture the areola (halo), and not the nipple;
• if a crack is found, treatment is started immediately;
• mother's nails should be short (so as not to be scratched during pumping);
• do not keep the baby near the chest for more than 20 minutes;
• you can not bring the baby to such a degree of hunger that he pounces on the chest;
• perform massage and pumping;
• Keep your chest open as much as possible.

For the treatment of abrasions and cracks, vitamin A is used on an oily basis (sold in pharmacies), Bepanten, sea buckthorn oil, special aerosols (without antibiotics).

In case of suppuration, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Catering by the hour or on demand

After how many hours should a newborn baby be breastfed?

Two breastfeeding options are being considered– feeding by the hour and on demand. Both options are equally relevant and acceptable.

Feeding by the hour is carried out strictly at a certain time every 3 hours. At night there is a break - 6 hours.

This mode lasts up to 2 months. Then the interval between feedings increases to 3.5 hours, and at night - up to 7 hours.

The advantage of the method is teaching the child to discipline from the very beginning. early childhood. Otherwise, this method is a radical choice on the part of the mother, since not all children agree with the regimen.

Feeding on demand is the most popular choice among modern parents.

After birth, the child experiences severe stress, and the only effective method get rid of him - bodily contact with mom. Therefore, it is so important to put the baby to the breast when he wants it. After all, sucking is not only the process of getting food, but also an effective method of calming the baby.

This method is a highly effective means of maintaining lactation.

However, frequent feeding will not allow the mother to do household chores, so the baby should not be put to the breast at the first signs of anxiety, lip smacking, grunting, sniffing, but when the baby really needs food - 1 time in 2 hours with a 20-minute feeding duration .

A few words about the mode breastfeeding and about how to properly feed a newborn baby with breast milk, Dr. Komarovsky will tell:

Which option to choose

Basic rule - healthy child knows when he needs food. You should not wake him up just because, according to his mother, it is time for him to eat. Exceptions are such cases:

• if the mother needs to leave urgently;
• children who are underweight.

The optimal interval between feedings in children under 1 month is 2-3 hours. Further, the baby himself will gradually increase it as he grows and develops.

An important condition is attachment to only one breast during one feeding. This rule is irrelevant if the baby has not eaten enough or the mother has cracks on the nipples.

Make sure that the baby performs swallowing movements during attachment, and not sucking. If his desire to “hang” on his mother’s chest is not stopped in time, then in the future it will be quite difficult to wean him from his favorite thing.

Bottle feeding baby

Bottle feeding a baby is different from breastfeeding. AT last case he himself determines the volume of milk and the duration of nutrition. Due to this, milk production adapts to the needs of the baby and changes as it grows.

Breastfeeding a baby if the mother is not around can be done in different ways. This situation is justified due to the inability of the mother to put the baby to the breast (severe pain, urgent departure, etc.).

Then allowed to feed from a bottle with a pacifier. Today, this method is in demand for artificial and mixed feeding or in case the mother is not around.

The advantage of the pacifier is the safest and most natural way to absorb food.

However, there are significant differences between bottle sucking and breastfeeding. In the first case, the baby makes less effort. Therefore, after meeting with the bottle, many babies refuse their mother's breasts.

The alternative is the choice of a special nipple.

• When the bottle is tilted, no drops of milk should come out of the nipple.
• When pressing on a wide area of ​​the nipple, a trickle should go.

Remember to take care of your bottle. It is necessary to regularly rinse and rinse children's containers with boiling water.

Expressed breast milk can be frozen. This will save all the vitamins and useful trace elements, and the newborn will not remain hungry if the mother has left on business. Mixing milk after several pumpings is not recommended. The frozen liquid is stored no more than 2 months.

What to do if there is no lactation

What to feed a newborn baby if there is no milk? Often in medical practice there are cases when the mother does not have enough milk for complete nutrition of the baby. Additional measures agreed with the doctor can correct the situation.

• Mom should drink at least 2 liters of water per day.
• Apply crumbs in the first days of his life should be as often as possible.
• Do not replace mother's milk with other fluids.
• Night application is the main condition for good lactation.
• Proper nutrition for the mother is also important.

10-15 minutes before feeding, the mother needs to drink a glass of warm sweet tea with milk or dried fruit compote.

No stress and worries: with emotional disorders in women, lactation worsens.

Why not grapes while breastfeeding? You will find answers to questions about the nutrition of nursing mothers.

Introduction of formula into the infant's diet

If, despite all the efforts of the mother, there is still enough milk, then, willy-nilly, you will have to use additional nutrition - switch to mixed feeding. In the case of a complete transfer to milk formulas, we can talk about artificial nutrition.

What to give

The baby should receive food that is as close as possible in composition to breast milk. These products are mixtures.

All mixtures are divided into 3 groups:

• partially adapted (children after a year);
• less adapted (after 6 months);
• maximally adapted (up to 6 months).

The best will be the mixture, on the packaging of which it is indicated: "Intended for feeding children from birth to 1 year."

Don't change often children food, since the baby may develop unpleasant reactions in the form of diarrhea, frequent regurgitation, allergic rashes, etc.

It is necessary to switch to another mixture in case of:

• if the baby is not gaining weight;
• if he has frequent constipation.

It is unacceptable to give diluted cow's milk as a supplement (full feeding). This can lead to irreversible consequences.

The product does not contain useful minerals and vitamins that are contained in an adapted formula or breast milk.

Mixed feeding rules

• Breastfeed first, then formula.
• Only one feeding can be replaced with a mixture.

You need to introduce the product gradually, starting with a small amount. The temperature of the mixture should not exceed the temperature of the child's body. It is necessary to dilute the product only with boiled water.

Here's another one interesting video with the participation of Evgeny Komarovsky, from which you will learn about the feeding regimen of a newborn, whether it is necessary to feed him at night and how many times this can be done:

Feeding hours and dosage

How to properly feed a newborn baby with a mixture and do I need to do it on time?

At artificial feeding in the first months of life, 6-7 meals a day are recommended with an interval of 3-3.5 hours.

At night, a 6-hour interval should be done. It is important to take into account the required volume, which is calculated depending on age and weight.

So, for the first six months of life, an infant needs 115 kcal per 1 kg, after 6 months - 110 kcal.

The daily amount of food needed by a baby with normal weight indicators is:

• from 7 days to 2 months - 1/5 of body weight;
• from 2 to 4 - 1/6 of body weight;
• from 6 to 12 months - 1/8.



Introduce a new mixture according to the following schedule:

• 1 day - 10 ml 1 time per day;
• 2 day - 10 ml 3 times a day;
• Day 3 - 20 ml 3 times a day;
• Day 4 - 50 ml 5 times a day;
• Day 5 - 100 ml 4 times a day;
• Day 6 - 150 ml 4 times a day.

Start of complementary foods

Learn to distinguish between "complementary foods" and "supplementary foods". In the first situation, the baby receives additional food to prepare for adult life and food. In the second, it is supplemented in case of a lack of milk with mixtures.



Complementary foods are introduced at 6 months of age- with breastfeeding and 5 - with artificial nutrition. Until this period, except for mother's milk, formula and water, nothing can be given.

Start slowly and with caution. The first time you need to give half a teaspoon of complementary foods, and then supplement with milk or formula. A "test" is possible before the second feeding, at 9-11 am.

Assess the child's reaction to a new product. If rash, irritation, anxiety, constipation (diarrhea) is not found, then the next day you can give 2 times more.

In no case should you introduce an unfamiliar product during illness or after vaccination. If any reaction occurs, the start of complementary foods is delayed for 1-2 weeks.

Don't force your child to eat. Perhaps the baby is not yet ready for a new stage in life.

Where to start feeding

Better start with vegetables, this is zucchini, cauliflower, broccoli. Any vegetable is thoroughly washed and boiled (in a double boiler or in a regular saucepan). Then grind with a blender.



On the first day - half a teaspoon. Then the dose is increased by 2 times every day and brought to normal.

If there are no extraneous reactions to a new product, after 4 days you can try another vegetable, and then mash from the previously proposed products. After 10 days, one intake of dairy food should be completely replaced.

For 7 months you can offer porridge. This should be done at the very last reception - before a night's sleep. To begin with, the baby should be introduced to buckwheat, rice and oatmeal, then gradually expand the diet.

Use special baby cereals designed for 7 months of age. Giving semolina at this age is not recommended due to the presence of gluten in it.

At 8 months, two feedings are already being replaced. Now you can introduce your child to fermented milk products - kefir. On the 4th day, offer low-fat cottage cheese.

Fruits are introduced into complementary foods when the first tooth appears in the baby. The first is an apple. It is not recommended to fully replace feeding with fruit. They are given in addition to the main food.

Meat is introduced at 9 months of age, and fish - at 10 months. You can add half the yolk and vegetable oil to the diet. From 10 months, soup is already being prepared on meat, fish broth, where bread crumb is added. The introduction of vegetable oil and cookies is allowed.

By one year of age, all 5 feedings should be completely replaced. Although some mothers still put the baby to the breast at night.

Water must be included in the diet. Its temperature should correspond to the body temperature of the baby.

The most important thing while breastfeeding is to eat well. Prohibited during this period:

• consume alcoholic beverages;
• eat spicy, salty, spicy food.

Necessary:

• exclude cow's milk, peas, beans, white cabbage from the diet;
• limit the use of caffeine, chocolate;
• exclude fast food and convenience foods.

During the feeding period, stress should be avoided, sleep and rest should be adhered to.

You will learn a lot from this video tutorial useful information about poses for breastfeeding a newborn, how to properly feed a baby in a sitting position and lying on its side, in which position it will be best for you and your baby:

In contact with

Classmates

After a successful introduction, mothers begin to think about how to diversify the baby's diet further. The nutrition of the child after a year takes on a new character. It is replenished with food, because the baby already has half and can chew solid food with them, the mode and frequency of eating is changing.

The chewing apparatus and the digestive system of the baby are constantly developing. The nutrition of a child after a year should consist not only of foods that are cooked in a blender to a puree state, but also mashed with a fork. In a plate of crumbs, already small pieces may come across. Delaying with the start of the introduction of solid food is dangerous for the intestines and stomach, because peristalsis is disrupted.

The diet of a child after 1 year of life should be five times, so you must follow the basic rules for eating:

1. Regularity - the baby needs to be fed at the same time every day so that he has a good appetite.
2. You can deviate from the regime for no more than 30 minutes.
3. All food for the crumbs is steamed, stewed, boiled or baked.
4. Products for your child must be of proven and high quality.
5. Snacking at this age is strictly prohibited, especially for various sweets.
6. If the baby wants to eat, and there is still a lot of time before the next meal, then give unsweetened fresh fruits or vegetables.

Is it necessary to feed a child at night after a year?

Many young parents dream of sleeping throughout the night, so they have a question about whether it is necessary after a year. There is no definite answer, because it all depends on the personal characteristics of the baby, his body and habits. Children's experts agree that it is still necessary to wean, because this time of day is intended for rest not only for mom and baby, but also for his digestive system.

Weaning from the desire to eat at night will be easier with artificial feeding than with breastfeeding. Adapted Blend longer digested and absorbed by the child's body, and the mother's breast is also a sedative for teething. Feed your child well before going to bed, let him get tired, and offer warm water, kefir or compote instead of food.

The nutrition of a child after 1 year may consist of such new products:

1. Dairy and sour-milk products: mild cheese, curdled milk, sour cream. Kefir, cottage cheese and yogurt should also be present in the diet.
2. Fresh seasonal vegetables, dressed vegetable oil. Products must not contain nitrates and other harmful substances.
3. Sweets: marshmallow, marshmallow and marmalade. They are introduced gradually and in small quantities.
4. Low-fat fish and meat should be present in the child's daily menu.
5. Children's cereals, juices and fruits remain on the baby's menu, as before.

Each product is introduced gradually and in small amounts. Parents are required to carefully monitor the reaction of the child's body for 3 days. If no allergy occurs, then the amount new food increase. The diet of the child should be saturated with minerals, vitamins and other useful components. Moms can keep food diaries in which they will record all the information about the nutrition of the crumbs.

Feeding a baby after a year often depends on what your baby prefers. In order to understand whether he likes this product or not, the mother should offer it to the baby about 10 times a day. different days. If the dish is constantly rejected, then it is not necessary to give. In this case, parents will have to select a replacement that is close in composition. For example, chicken fillet is similar to cottage cheese in terms of protein content.

If the child's diet after a year includes mixtures, then they must be discarded, gradually reducing to a complete cessation. A healthy baby no longer needs to be fed at night and may not wake up until the morning, so the mother should feed the baby a hearty dinner, and during sleep offer a bottle of water or just shake it in her arms.

Should I breastfeed my baby after a year?

If the family decided to turn breast-feeding, and the baby still eats during sleep, then the question arises of how to feed the child at night after a year. You can transfer the crumbs to or replace food with a drink. During the period of illness or teething, children have a special need for warmth and comfort, they become capricious. In this case, the mother can soothe the baby with her milk.

Nutritional norms for a child after a year

Children's doctors calculated nutrition for children after a year and found out that the daily norm is 1300 kcal, and the total amount of food is about 1100 ml. Babies are fed 4-5 times, the interval between meals is approximately 4 hours. The mode should include:

• 08:00 - first breakfast - 20% of the daily allowance;
• 10:00 - second breakfast - 10%;
• 12:00 - lunch, it should be the most nutritious - 30%;
• 16:00 - afternoon snack - 15%;
• 20:00 - dinner - 25%.

Parents can tell about the child's nutrition after a year food distribution table. Per day, for one kilogram of crumb weight, you need:

• fat - 4 g;
• carbohydrates - 16 g;
• protein - 4 g.

Baby nutrition after a year - menu, recipes

Answering the popular questions of young parents about what to feed a child after a year, menus and cooking rules, it must be said that it is necessary to focus on a complete and balanced diet. Every day the baby should eat:

• cereals cooked in water or milk;
• vegetable soups and purees;
• sea ​​fish (pollock or hake) and meat (liver, heart, tongue);
• compote of dried fruits or rose hips, and drink water throughout the day;
• dairy products.

Baby nutrition after a year - menu

When choosing products for children after a year to make a good diet, be guided by the following menu:

1. The first breakfast should be protein-carbohydrate. You can cook an omelet, vegetable salad, milk porridge or soup, boil an egg or give low-fat cottage cheese with sour cream to your baby.
2. The second breakfast may consist of fruit puree or compote with cookies. In this way, you stimulate the production of gastric juice before the next meal.
3. For lunch, offer the crumbs fish broth, soup with meat or vegetable puree. Give your child a vegetarian day several times a week to relieve the stomach.
4. An afternoon snack may consist of milk, yogurt or kefir. Dairy products are served with cookies, a bun, pancakes or pancakes, but in small quantities.
5. Dinner should consist of vegetables, rice, semolina, buckwheat or oatmeal, boiled vermicelli. Before going to bed, you can give a fermented milk product, for example, kefir or fermented baked milk.

Nutrition for children after a year - recipes

When compiling a menu for her baby, mothers often face the question of how to cook a tasty and healthy dish. Recipes for children after a year can be very diverse. Consider the most popular of them.

During the meal of the baby, the mother must follow certain feeding rules:

1. Consider your child's dietary preferences.
2. Let the baby eat on its own.
3. Let your child choose their own food.
4. Do not force feed.
5. Watch your portion sizes.
6. Be careful with salt and sugar.