The immune system the newborn is not mature enough, therefore it is not able to give a serious rebuff to many infections. Mother's milk, which along with nutrients contains antibodies, can help the child's body cope with this danger.

What are antibodies

Antibodies or immunoglobulins (Ig) are protein compounds found in blood plasma. Due to their special structure, they are able to bind to infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, microscopic fungi), suppressing their vital activity. Also, antibodies can be produced not only in response to living organisms, but also to any substances that the body perceives as foreign, potentially dangerous. In this case, the protection mechanism is aimed at neutralizing the harmful effects.

Immunoglobulins and immunity of the newborn

During breastfeeding, antibodies are present in the milk throughout the entire lactation period, providing the baby with the so-called passive immunity. Its formation begins in the womb. It is then that IgG immunoglobulins are transmitted to the child, which, after the birth of the child, is supplemented by IgA immunoglobulin and secretory immunoglobulin sIgA, which come from breast milk. Antibodies are not the only protective components contained in milk, in addition to them, there are a number of other protective components that have immunological properties (representatives of the body's internal microbiome, cells, molecules of certain non-protein substances).

Most antibodies are found in colostrum, which begins to be produced in a woman immediately after the birth of a child. Therefore, it is important in the very first days to apply the baby to the breast as often as possible. The content of immunoglobulins is also quite high in the first months of lactation and during premature birth. However, smoking, cytomegalovirus infection can lead to a decrease in antibodies in breast milk.

Antibodies in hemolytic disease of the newborn

A variety of antibodies are the so-called hemolysins, capable of releasing hemoglobin from red blood cells. Normally, they are always present in the body and are used to destroy old red blood cells, but in some cases, these antibodies can cause damage to young and mature cells. This phenomenon is observed during the transfusion of blood that is incompatible with each other, and hemolytic disease newborns (jaundice).

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a consequence of the incompatibility of the blood of the mother and fetus for erythrocyte antigens (the mother is antigen-negative, and the child is antigen-positive):

• Rh factor;
• blood group.

Antigens are located on the erythrocytes of the fetus, and antibodies to them are produced by the mother's body. Usually, the action of hemolysins in neonatal jaundice begins shortly before childbirth, resulting in the accumulation of indirect bilirubin in the nuclei of the brain of the newborn. There is also a violation of the function of the liver, which cannot bind such an amount of bilirubin, which leads to a violation of the secretion of bile. It is possible to identify the disease in the first days of a baby's life. Treatment is aimed at reducing bilirubin, removing maternal antibodies and combating anemia.

Is it possible to breastfeed with jaundice in newborns

Whether or not to breastfeed a child with jaundice is a purely individual matter, depending on the course of the disease and the methods of treatment used. Only the attending physician can answer this question. If the doctor has decided to temporarily stop breastfeeding, it is recommended to take all measures to maintain lactation by expressing milk at intervals corresponding to the feeding of the child. At the time of treatment, the child is transferred to feeding with pasteurized maternal or donor milk.

However, in most cases, breastfeeding is not stopped. and recommend organizing the baby's nutrition so that it is possible to apply it to the breast six to twelve times a day in the first three days after birth. Moreover, the average interval between feedings should be 1.5 hours. Therefore, if the baby has jaundice, doctors recommend not only not to stop the process of breastfeeding, but also to increase the frequency of feeding.

Do I need to test for antibodies in breast milk?

It does not make sense to analyze mother's milk for antibodies (hemolysins) in order to resolve the issue of the safety of breastfeeding for a child, since if it detects antibodies, they will not be able to harm the child. If it enters the stomach, along with other components of milk, they will disintegrate, and they will not be able to worsen the condition of the child.

Another thing is if a blood test is performed in a pregnant woman in order to detect hemolytic disease of the fetus, which, in combination with other diagnostic measures (ultrasound, analysis of the cardiovascular activity of the fetus, etc.), allows you to prescribe adequate treatment.

Antibodies play an important role in protecting the body from microorganisms and foreign substances. A blood test for antibodies is one of the methods of laboratory diagnosis of various diseases. At the same time, the analysis of mother's milk for antibodies is practically useless, since if there are hemolysins in milk for a child, they do not pose a danger.

In contact with

Torch 03/15/2009 at 23:48:43

Rhesus conflict with HB

Please advise. I am expecting my second child at 9 months. Antibodies were found in the blood, the gynecologist motivates that the child will be with a negative Rh. I have 1 group positive, my husband has 2 positive, the first child turned out to be 2 group negative Rh. I recently learned that Rh conflict requires a special approach to breastfeeding. The first child was breastfed for only 2 months, constant cheesy regurgitation, stools - all the colors of the rainbow and anxiety. Feeding had to be stopped - because of the treatment prescribed by the gynecologist. And the child at that time had a bilirubin level of 250. We were admitted to the hospital with jaundice, but the reason was never explained either in the maternity hospital or in the nursery. Now the child is almost 2 years old, often there is white stool and skin red spots on the legs (like an allergy). Is this the result of a Rh conflict in my milk? What should be feared at the birth of a second child with a negative Rh? How to feed a child? Should I be vaccinated for hepatitis on the second day?

• JULIA_29 03/16/2009 at 17:51:01

  what are the titers in the blood?

  I had 1:8 maximum and the child was born with my group and Rh, although there were hemolysins throughout the pregnancy. so it's not a fact
  second, do not do hepatitis either in the hospital or later. it is poorly tolerated by children and immunity is up to 5 years in total.
  we didn't have jaundice, mmmm

  A drop of nicotine kills a horse, and a cup of coffee kills a keyboard.

  Bunny Zhenya (10/19/2005)

  • Torch 03/17/2009 at 22:24:52

    Rhesus conflict with HB

    Thank you very much for the answer! It all comes down to the fact that the hepatitis vaccine aggravated the level of bilirubin during the first birth, but no one asked me whether I want to give it to the child or not, do doctors have the right to do this? Especially knowing that the child has a negative Rh and it can be dangerous? Maybe you need to write a refusal in advance?

    • Bathsheba 03/18/2009 at 11:06:20

      what is rhesus

      and vaccination? Let the child have any Rh.
      now the child is not removed from the guard until a situation requiring a replacement blood transfusion

      The Lord heals the sick, and the doctor receives the fee for this
      There are two infinite things - the Universe and human stupidity. However, I'm not sure about the universe.
      (c) A. Einstein
      \\\"Communication with people seduces to introspection\\\" F. Kafka
      Pata

ksyunya 03/18/2009 at 21:48:16

Maybe there is an AB0 conflict going on?

I had it. Handed over all beemennost a blood on hemolysins. At 34 weeks, the indicators were overestimated, the LC was sent to the hospital, but the doctor who was supposed to take delivery said that at the end of pregnancy, the titers are always higher. The daughter did not have jaundice, although it was assumed that it could be. No one dissuaded from the GV, did not insist on the abolition of the GV. I am still feeding. If there was, then GW is not canceled now

Tylpashka 03/18/2009 at 19:55:26

Well firstly do not be nervous

secondly, read here, maybe you will find answers to questions
//www.kleo.ru/club/besstia/ar130.shtml
//www..html
And thirdly - you need to take care of the child, if the stool is whitish, red spots are clearly problems with the liver, and in general you need to check the entire gastrointestinal tract.

Lady 03/18/2009 at 17:37:50

you find out

what kind of antibodies were found in your blood. If you are Rh positive, what are Rh antibodies? To your own Rh factor or what? :) It doesn't happen.
It seems that you misunderstood the doctor, you have antibodies to something else.

Reem 03/16/2009 at 01:46:28 PM

not a doctor, but I can write about myself

I have 1+, my donka has 3-
It was born from Zhovtushkoy itself through a difference in Rhesus, but vygodovuvati - allowed.
Alone, even in the canopy booth once (on a night) they "enlightened" with a lamp, after which the raven of the white ruby ​​dropped down, that shkira became commemoratively rozhevishoy.
through the zhovtushka, the splintering of hepatitis did not break into the canopy booth

vigodovala until the rock and 11 months
skhilnіst to allergic manifestations є (it looks like too much tsukra and citrus fruits), but I don’t pov "yazuyu іz a) the onset of allergies in її dad and b) the type of shkіri - there’s a girl bіlyava і blue-eye, that’s for the least teasing, for example, I’m crying , the skin is already beginning to redden, if you want to know the reddening is so very fast.

The raju should consult with the doctors themselves, as they take care of their meals. Possibly, they didn’t tell me everything at the right time

A person may have the right not to work anything, but to live tsіkavіshe їy i will not become (c) Harold

wait a little (div. regu) ^___^

• Torch 03/17/2009 at 22:51:12

  Rhesus conflict with HB

  Yes, the cause of allergies lies in the condition of the intestines, liver and gene. And as soon as I was banned from breastfeeding, I started picking up formulas, this went on for a long time. We tried everything, in the end - the ends settled on goat's milk. But yesterday the tests for dysbacteriosis came and they found coli, which for a long time could be either in a sleeping state, or in an active state. The intestines do not have normal immunity. This is the result due to the ordinary negligence of doctors and weaning at 2 months from the breast. Hepatitis shot raised bilirubin levels to Rh negative. The liver suffered, which after 1.5 years makes itself felt. (white stools, restlessness at night, poor appetite) Now I will breastfeed anyway, and refuse vaccination. Lord, you can become a pediatrician while you give birth and raise 2 children. Is it necessary to always be on the alert?

Thanks

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

2. Blood transfusion. Even if the donor's blood matches the group and Rh, antibodies may already be present in it. Therefore, it is better to beware of blood transfusions or to warn the doctor if they have ever been.

3. Abortion. Any pregnancy increases the amount of antibodies in a woman's blood. Therefore, the more abortions in the past, the higher the risk of Rhesus conflict.

Reviews

I have a third baby. Rhesus conflict, delivery at 33 weeks by caesarean, some doctors allow the baby to be fed, others categorically forbid it, they said you can start feeding at 2 months, 1.5 months have passed and I really hope that the tests will allow us all the same to start eating breast milk. Left a little. So it all depends on patience and the desire to feed.

The second child with severe HDN, I pumped into the sink for two weeks, every three hours, I really wanted to feed in the future. Doctors did not believe much that the child after the bottle would try to eat mother's milk, but we were lucky! He took the breast without any objection))

It is very difficult to keep lactation for two weeks if you do not feed the baby. I knew one girl who did not want to feed herself, but wanted to express and give from a bottle. So she survived only a week and then the child was transferred to the mixture. Tired of her messing with these pumping. After all, it’s a pity to pour out this milk later. But no one can. It contains harmful antibodies. It is necessary to pump every two hours completely, so that the milk will then be enough for the child when he can already be. But after all and then, too, can ban. Then it turns out that everything is in vain. Many people just go straight to the mixture.

The fifteenth story within the framework of the competition "Mom's milk": When doctors forbid feeding: breastfeeding and Rh conflict.

Rhesus conflict

To begin with, I have two wonderful sons - Artyom and Timur. I was unable to feed my eldest son breast milk. We had a Rh conflict (in simple terms), and the doctors forbade us to feed even in the maternity hospital. It was 10 years ago.

We have come a long way to the birth of our youngest. For five years I dreamed of our baby. There were a lot of problems, but that's another story.

After reading a lot of literature, I realized that you can feed with rhesus conflict! And even then I decided for myself that my baby would eat mother's milk!

Long-awaited pregnancy

The long-awaited pregnancy was very difficult. Already at 27 weeks we were saved by wonderful doctors. The problems associated with Rh sensitization gave us a lot of trouble ... But the experience of doctors and our faith and love did their job! I carried my son to 37 weeks - and we were born!

dvoye-children.ru

Of course, we were immediately separated

The baby went to the children's department for treatment. And I began to save milk, from the third day (when it appeared) - I expressed each breast in turn every three hours.

Two weeks later, we were allowed, under the supervision of doctors, under the control of tests, to begin breastfeeding.

Everything went great! There is a lot of milk, my son kissed correctly and we enjoyed each other. Then discharge home - everything is just great! Fed on demand, weight gained perfectly.

But the happiness was short-lived...

After 10 days we were sent to the hospital. The blood tests were very bad. The hematologist doctor banned our breastfeeding already in the emergency room. Offering only the option of expressing milk and bringing it to a boil (thus destroying Rh antibodies that could be transmitted through milk and destroy hemoglobin). How many tears were shed - do not tell!

I had not made a decision yet, but continued to express, while Timur ate the mixture.

karapuziko.ru

It is worth saying that the son began to pour on the mixture. It was very difficult to find the right one.

For about a week, I didn't pump. And now, at the next appointment with another hematologist, I heard: "It would be better if you were breastfeeding!"

We discussed this topic for a long time. And when the tests were ready, they made sure that there were no contraindications to breastfeeding!

But how is it? - this question did not give me rest!

And I began to act!

Yes, yes - madness! But I am ready for it for the sake of my son, for the sake of my dream, for the sake of our closeness!

Relactation - I read about it. We will succeed - I knew it for sure! Even foster mothers manage to breastfeed, and we can do it even better!

The baby and I lay down in bed - the technique of "nesting".

For each squeak, I gave the baby a breast. Of course, I supplemented him with a mixture, because there was at best 10 ml of milk. at first. But immediately chest!

When I slept, I also pumped endlessly. She ate and drank a lot. Especially helped tea with milk, dried fruit compote, birch sap, milk.

We did nothing for a week, only fed. Fortunately, the husband was on vacation and took over the whole life and the eldest son.

And here it is - done! Within two weeks we were without a bottle! Completely on mother's milk!

The diet, of course, had to be observed, as the son poured out. Sometimes - even very strict.

But we coped with this, gradually I expanded the list of products (by trial method). And by the year Timur ate almost everything, and, of course, I did too. Nothing forbidden, of course, but they also ate berries in the summer, and even citrus fruits.

We were on mother's milk up to 1 year and 8 months

And in public places, of course, they also fed, because. We lead a very active lifestyle. I don’t see anything wrong with that, they just retired, covered themselves - and everything is great!

There was never any condemnation. On the contrary, sometimes I caught the tender faces of those around me.

We rolled up very easily. Daytime "snacks" were immediately removed, leaving only feedings for sleep and nighttime. Then they refused milk before daytime sleep. Well, then "the mouse came running and took the milk for the little Lyalya."

They came up with it themselves - they believed it themselves. A couple of times they scolded the mouse on the first night, and calmed down.

Now only pleasant memories remain. And a sense of accomplishment.

I hope my story will help at least one young mother to compete for her milk! And if at least one more baby is happy at my mother's breast, I will be very happy! After all, difficulties happen, but nothing is impossible! Feeding your baby is happiness! Happiness for two!

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Many expectant mothers plan to breastfeed even before the birth of a child, and specialists (obstetricians, neonatologists, pediatricians) strongly support this decision. In most maternity hospitals, babies are breastfed within minutes of birth, except for some serious conditions, one of which is an Rh conflict.

In order to understand why it is dangerous, you need to know that The Rh factor is determined by the presence or absence of a specific protein (antigen) on the surface of red blood cells. In the first case, the Rh factor is considered positive, in the second - negative. It should be noted that the antigen is absent only in 10-15% of the inhabitants of the planet, and this does not cause them any inconvenience. True, when registering for pregnancy, doctors will certainly find out if there is a conflict between the parent Rhesus.

As a rule, if a woman is negative and a man is positive, there is a 50% chance of an antigen conflict occurring.

In this case, during incest, which is inevitable during childbirth, the mother's body will perceive the baby's red blood cells as hostile and begin to produce protective antibodies. The Rhesus conflict is dangerous because it can provoke a hemolytic disease to the fetus, and then to the newborn. That is why even early dates pregnancy in antenatal clinic determine the blood type and Rh factor of both parents, monitor the level of antibodies in the blood and be sure to enter this information into the exchange card.

With a negative Rh factor of the woman in labor, the umbilical cord blood is taken from the baby right in the delivery room to determine its group and Rh. If it is negative, you can start breastfeeding immediately, if it is positive, this issue is resolved by specialists.

Often obstetricians and neonatologists insist on abstaining from breastfeeding for the first three days, at the very least, a week. It is during this period that the risk of penetration of maternal antibodies into the baby's body along with milk is highest, which can significantly worsen his condition.

If feeding needs to be stopped

With a temporary refusal of breastfeeding, doctors select the most effective method his nutrition: using a probe, specially selected infant formula or donor milk.

Despite the persistent myth about the need to supplement with jaundice, water gives a deceptive feeling of satiety, nutrients from formula or milk are absorbed worse, and bilirubin is excreted more slowly. Water is only needed for those newborns who are being treated with phototherapy under a lamp and losing a lot of fluid.

After all, if a newborn has symptoms of hemolytic disease: anemia and jaundice, which is associated with a high level of bilirubin (the result of the breakdown of red blood cells) in a baby, this can be dangerous for the central nervous system baby. Therefore, it is important to restore the normal level of hemoglobin in the blood and remove the mother's antibodies from the body of the newborn.

How to keep lactating

With a temporary cessation of breastfeeding, it is extremely important to maintain lactation. The easiest and most effective way is regular pumping, or . For the formation of correct and sufficient lactation, night feedings are of great importance, therefore, it is not worth neglecting emptying the breast at this time of the day.

Despite the difficulties that a Rh conflict can entail, a young mother needs to psychologically tune in to breastfeeding, which WHO evaluates as the most beneficial for any newborn. Even in the case of an existing Rhesus conflict, switching to a mixture is an extreme temporary measure., and those doctors who insist on a complete cessation of breastfeeding are hardly right. Parents should consult with several specialists and make every effort to maintain lactation, because only mother's milk contains that unique set of vitamins and nutrients needed by the baby.

The subtleties of feeding with Rhesus conflict

In the case when there are no contraindications for postponing breastfeeding, the mother can feed immediately after the introduction of immunoglobulin to suppress her antibodies. But, in most cases, a baby with elevated bilirubin in the blood is too lethargic to breastfeed, he can sleep more than 20 hours a day. In this case, it is important to further stimulate the breast, apply the newborn 8 times a day and more often, or even better, temporarily switch to nesting mode: constantly hold the baby in your arms or be with him, feed on demand or on initial signs of hunger.

In addition, you will need to wake up the baby for feeding: hold him in a column, wipe his face and body with a damp sponge, stroke him or do a light massage. It will also be necessary to ensure that the room is not too warm and light: in this case, it will be more difficult for the child to wake up.

So, breastfeeding with a Rh conflict can be temporarily stopped, however, a young mother needs to do everything to keep it in the future. If the child is allowed to feed immediately, you need to monitor his sleep and wakefulness, as well as sucking activity.