upbringing arguments. In what works is the problem of upbringing and education raised, as in Fonvizin's play? Self-esteem and self-respect

Text from the exam

(1) We do not need educated people. (2) Only the educated. (3) If you start with a sign, then it should reflect a different, more true essence of the formation of a person. (4) Not the Ministry of Education, but the Ministry of Education of a Healthy, Harmonious Personality. (5) We have already formed officials, builders of financial pyramids, unscrupulous politicians, criminals, it's time to understand that morality should be put at the forefront. (6) Since an immoral person is not quite a person, for he lives, destroying society, that is, not a person at all. (7) Why do we need him like that? (8) And why do we need this system itself, which educates the society of criminals? (9) It is very difficult to talk about upbringing, a term with which I personally replace the term 'education' once and for all. (10) Great is the responsibility to this most important topic, the most important thing in the life and work of people. (11) If the teacher does not put into the soul of the student all the best that humanity has developed, there will be no person. (12) And what is the current attitude to this, the most important for our future, business? (13) According to expenditures from the national budget per student high school As a percentage of GDP, we are already in second place in the world. (14) Do not rejoice. (15) Our second place is the place from the end. (16) 3and we only have the African country of Zimbabwe. (17) How has the world changed in response to such ‘care’? (18) Now 800,000 children school age illiterate, more than 3 million do not attend school..

(19) For the rest, a standard secondary, average education falls into the soul with a bunch of unnecessary, burdensome knowledge. (20) They do not cultivate each individually, like a bush, cherishing the strengths of the personality, gently eliminating the shortcomings, but cutting all the bushes in the same way - with a rectangle. (21) The most best time years - holidays, most best time at school - a change, the greatest joy at school - cheers, the teacher fell ill. (22) Or - they didn’t ask me today. (23) Why? (24) Because the soul turns away from knowledge, because it is not warmed up either by individual interest from the affinity of the soul with the subject being studied, or by the apparent obvious suitability of this knowledge in the future. (25) A feeling of nausea appears in relation to this gray, averaged knowledge endlessly pushed into the head. (26) Feeling of protest. (27) Sometimes protest slips into behavior. (28) Unites students, opposing them to teachers. (29) The curiosity inherent in children at the beginning of their studies is being killed. (30) Knowledge is burdensome, because it does not enrich. (31) Then the growing undergrowth (spiritual, I mean, he is under two meters tall) comes across cigarettes, beer, then others quick ways pleasure, he slips into vicious, wrong habits, and they lead through life to the end. (32) For knowledge, this person is already lost. (33) He is no longer interested in knowledge. (34) They are a burden - the school drove into him. (35) He does not seek to expand knowledge, his horizons; drinking, smoking, sex, dancing - only these sources of pleasure, satisfaction from the life he lives, remain with him. (36) Forever. (37) Thirty years ago, I heard the host of the 'Obvious - Incredible' program say: (38) Most of the knowledge that school gives us is not needed at the institute. (39) Most of the knowledge that the institute gives is not needed in our life. (40) So, we seem to understand the problem, but nothing has changed since those years. (41) But this does not mean that there is no need to change anything further. (42) We urgently need to start creating a bright world of the future today.

(According to I. Botov)

Introduction

Knowledge is paramount for modern man. Russia has always been famous for the high level of education provided at school. However, recently, during the reform of the education system, more and more disputes and disagreements have been raised about the quality of the knowledge gained, the system of their assessment.

The issue of upbringing, the formation of a harmoniously developed personality, maximally prepared for life in society, is also important. In solving all these problems, the image of the teacher, the teacher, and the influence of the current school on the younger generation are of great importance.

Problem

The problem of the quality, relevance and usefulness of knowledge, which is inextricably linked with the problem of upbringing and education in modern educational institutions, is raised by I. Botov in the proposed text. The role of the teacher and the school as a whole in the formation of a person as a person is considered.

Comment


The author begins the story by stating that only educated people, while not having proper education, are absolutely not needed by our society. It already has enough dishonest, criminal individuals. Therefore, the main slogan modern education should be the upbringing of a moral, harmoniously developed person, bringing only good to the country and its people.

For the upbringing of such a person, the teacher is primarily responsible, who is simply obliged to invest his soul in his students, to give them part of himself. Without this, there will be no real person.

The state does not see such an important problem. Our country is in the penultimate place in terms of the amount of money spent per student. After us, only Africa, third world countries. As a result, literacy has fallen sharply, many simply do not attend school.

The author is concerned about the fact that the current system equalizes children too much, averaging their abilities and filling them with the same knowledge. Moreover, the quality of this knowledge leaves much to be desired. All together leads the average person to a feeling of disgust from knowledge. Most young people are looking for entertainment in completely different areas of life. They do not care about knowledge, but alcohol, drugs, sex, dancing become an integral part of their life, contributing to the degradation of the individual.

The author complains that for several decades the situation in education has not changed: school knowledge is not needed for universities, university knowledge is not useful in life. Something urgently needs to be changed.

Author's position

The author tries to convey to the reader the paramount importance for society of an ideal personality, moral, comprehensively developed, educated. He calls for the need for early change, which must lead to a brighter future.

own position

I cannot but agree with the author. Education is indeed ambiguous today. It is greatly simplified on the one hand - schematic, unambiguous material. On the other hand, a lot of unnecessary items appear - the introduction of a second foreign language, the planning of the introduction of a third. School knowledge of foreign languages ​​is so superficial that the study of several foreign languages ​​will only take time away from preparing for the really necessary subjects.

Changes are necessary, but they must be as deliberate as possible. And you need to start with the training of teaching staff. The teacher is obliged not only to carry knowledge, but to educate by example.

Argument #1

If a person has a craving for knowledge, he is able to develop. The problem of knowledge is raised in the play by D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth". The main task of the protagonist, the young undergrowth Mitrofanushka, is to gain knowledge. In fact, his teachers are so shallow that they give him only superficial knowledge, but he is not even able to absorb this.

And it's not just teachers. Much also depends on the maternal upbringing of Prostakova, who inspires her son that he does not need education. We see that knowledge that has fallen into unproductive soil will not be able to bear the due fruit. Education without education loses half of its usefulness.

Argument #2

If a person strives for deep knowledge, is passionate about science and the process of cognition itself, he can achieve a lot. Evgeny Bazarov from the novel by I.S. showed himself to be such a person. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Only with the help of knowledge did he become a man of a firm and deep mind.

Conclusion

Education is of paramount importance for human development. It creates the foundation for the formation of personality, the formation of life aspirations and beliefs, spiritual development of people.

In what works of Russian classics is the problem of upbringing and education posed, and what brings them closer to Fonvizin's play?

The problem of upbringing and education is posed in the story of A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter”and in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". In all three works, we see the unity of the author's position - an understanding of the determining role of the family, education in shaping the moral and intellectual image of a young man.

We see the life of an undergrowth in the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" From the age of five, the boy was handed over to the aspirant Savelyich, then his father hired a Frenchman, Monsieur Beaupre, a weak-willed and frivolous person, for his son. Petrusha chased pigeons, ate froths from mother's jam, made kites from a geographical map, played leapfrog with the yard boys. But at one fine moment this "welfare" was violated. The father sent his son to military service. Here it is worth noting the wisdom and foresight of Andrei Petrovich Grinev, who did not want his son to serve in St. Petersburg, where he "learns to wind and hang out." Instead of St. Petersburg, Grinev sends his son to Orenburg, "to a deaf and remote side", hoping that the harsh and difficult service will make him a real officer. The parting word that the father gives to his son at parting is also significant: “Take care of the dress again, and honor from youth.”

And the hero fulfills the covenant of his father. Grinev falls into the whirlpool of large historical events, being actually between life and death. And here yesterday's undergrowth appears before us as a real man with clear, definite concepts of honor, military duty, and mercy. Grinev does not leave his bride in difficult times, does not leave Savelich. He is completely honest in his relations with Pugachev, remaining faithful to the state oath. However, Petrusha Grinev, who turned from a minor into worthy man, is still a happy exception in Russian literature. Traditional Russian upbringing did not ruin his noble, pure soul.

But in Russian literature there is also an example of a hero whose life was ruined due to education. Such an example of the detrimental effect of education on the human soul is presented to us by I.A. Goncharov in the novel Oblomov. The protagonist of this novel has long become our household character, symbolizing laziness, passivity, inaction.

The childhood of the protagonist Ilya Ilyich passed in Oblomovka, in a quiet and sleepy region. Nanny's tales, legends and legends about evil spirits, mother's caresses, plentiful dinners, delicious homemade pies, walks in the garden and yard - life in Oblomovka flows slowly and unhurriedly, there are no storms or upheavals in this peaceful corner. Parents do not allow the boy to do anything on his own, spoil the child in every possible way, do not bother him too much with his studies.

And here is the result of his upbringing - at thirty-two, having left the service, Ilya Ilyich completely sank, spending all his days without getting up from the sofa, in his favorite oriental dressing gown and soft comfortable slippers. Oblomov's estate is practically ruined, he is deceived by the manager, but the hero is not able to deal with his own affairs. He dreams of love and family, but ideal love becomes impossible for him: Olga Ilyinskaya does not meet the ideal of Oblomov, while Agafya Pshenitsyna embodies only one side of this ideal. In Oblomov's life there is no place for any shocks, useful activities. Of course, the hero is kind and noble, his soul is “pure and clear as glass”, he is aware of the vanity and futility of many human aspirations. However, all this is not enough for real happiness. Oblomov was never able to realize his ideal.

revealing inner world of his hero, Goncharov skillfully uses a portrait, a description of his home environment, a landscape. So, the thought walks over Oblomov's face like a "free bird". The characteristic details of his costume are an oriental robe and house slippers. love story with Olga Ilyinskaya, to some extent, symbolizes the lilac branch thrown by the heroine.

Thus, the system of upbringing and education adopted by Russian noble families in the 18th and 19th centuries was in many ways imperfect, vicious, deforming young minds and hearts, ruining fate. Young people developed such qualities as laziness, passivity, infantilism, inability to realize their own dreams, and at the same time pride and unbelief, cowardice and malevolence. These features became decisive in the personal realization of people, in their destinies, in their viability in life. Education, thus, determines the character of a person, his fate, his place in life.

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Task: Write an essay based on the text you read.

1) It was 1940 in the yard. 2) At that time we taught in the village of Karyzh, Glushkovsky district, Kursk region. 3) It was still far from complete prosperity, but the first signs of change began to appear in the orphanage. 4) The children gradually became more trusting, kinder. 5) Slowly discipline grew stronger. 6) And yet, the old order still held here.

7) I'm sitting in the teacher's room. 8) The manager enters. 9) Interrupting the conversation, he turns to the head teacher:
(10) - Nina Petrovna, give me some girl. 11) Let him take the bucket to my house. 12) The caretaker's voice is dull, even. 13) There is no excitement, no doubt in him. 14) The usual thing is to take home a bucket of stolen sugar. 15) That's all. 16) Everyone here knows that the supply manager is dishonest. 17) Get used to it. 18) Nobody votes. 19) And yet I look at Nina Petrovna. 20) Maybe at least this time her heart will be excited. 21) Really not even reproach! 22) I vividly imagine how he will stand at the window and angrily throw in his face:
23) - Listen, Vladimir Ivanovich, since you are dragging, you would at least drag it yourself. 24) Be ashamed. 25) But Nina Petrovna treats the request of the supply manager with complete understanding. 26) The bucket is heavy, and a person’s years are not youthful, how not to help. 27) She goes out into the corridor. 28) Looks for someone with his eyes and calls:
29) - Lida, come here. 30) Help Vladimir Ivanovich carry the bucket. 31) The girl obediently takes a bucket filled to the top and, bending over, drags it after the measuredly paced supply manager.

32) I had no thoughtful intentions. 33) Everything came out by itself. 34) Quickly, as if someone had pushed me, I rushed forward and blocked the supply manager's path. 35) Panting, she spoke directly to his face:
36) - Where did you drag the sugar? 37) Well, bring it back quickly! 38) Completely insolent! 39) In broad daylight, he robs children. 40) Just try again. 41) I had red spots on my cheeks. 42) I won’t obey, I’ll grab a bucket, I’ll fight, bite, but I won’t give sugar. 43) For a few seconds he looks at me, as if trying to understand what kind of fly bit me. 44) Seems to understand. 45) Silently shifts from foot to foot, and even a semblance of a blush appears on unshaven cheeks. 46) He doesn’t say anything, takes a bucket from Lida’s hands, returns back and obediently pours sugar back with trembling hands. 47) I was waiting for revenge, dirty tricks, curses behind my back ... 48) It turned out quite differently. 49) Literally a few days later, the supply manager submitted an application and, according to own will left our Orphanage. 50) As if he was just waiting for someone to remind him that stealing is not good. 51) How little it took to stop this evil! 52) No struggle, no nerves, no victims. 53) Probably, the result would be exactly the same if any other person were in my place. 54) Why didn’t the teachers notice anything? 55) Looking back, even now I am inclined to think that silence is an even worse evil than the theft of our unscrupulous supply manager. 56) Perhaps he is not a lost person. 57) If he had caught at least once someone's reproachful look, heard a word of condemnation from the lips of his colleagues, nothing like this would have happened at all. 58) But silence (so convenient for lazy souls) made one a swindler, cast a shadow of complicity on others. (according to the text of F.A. Sokolova)

Answer:

In the proposed text, F.A. Sokolova touches on the problem of educating the younger generation. Education is the process of personality formation in order to prepare a person for a successful life in society. At all times, education was by no means an easy task and was accompanied by many problems. The text raises a very important question: how should the younger generation be educated?

As a former director orphanage, F.A. Sololova reflects with deep interest on how difficult it is for honest, decent young people to arrange life in modern society. She is deeply concerned about the question of how to make the pupils truly happy. It is no coincidence that she forms questions on behalf of the pupils. Despite the fact that no one sent letters to the orphanage with reproaches that they were not brought up that way, life experience suggests to Sokolova that such questions arose more than once, since it was precisely good qualities sometimes interfere with a person to settle in life. Faina Andreevna is grateful to her pupils for the fact that “none of them reproached us for teaching them “the wrong kind”.” She believes that she lived her life not in vain, raising kindness and honesty in children.

There are many examples in the literature when parents instilled false values ​​in their children, which did not lead to anything good. Let us recall Gogol's Chichikov, to whom his father instructed to save every penny, which eventually developed in him greed and money-grubbing. Hoarding became his life's goal. Friends are not important for him, acquaintances - the main thing is money. Repeatedly betraying, he himself was betrayed and thrown back to the beginning of the path. But he could not gain a true understanding of real values.

In R. Bradreby's story "Veld", the main characters are Wendy and Peter, who commit a monstrous act: they kill their own parents. And this murder is not accidental, for many years the children lived, getting only what they want, never thinking about the source of their benefits. The analyzed text by F.A. Sokolova makes us understand: let prudence, deceit and cruelty often win, faith in goodness should not disappear; good and decent people do not need to be afraid to resist the bad: “Pride and purity do a person honor”

Mentally referring to Russian classical literature, let us recall the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov. adult life prevented him from making responsible decisions. Because of his laziness, he turned into a living corpse, and could not realize his abilities. It was very difficult for him to live in society, to work hard, he looked at life through the prism of the past, recalling a carefree childhood.

Let's also remember A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin". Tatiana

Larina, who was brought up by a Russian nanny with kindness, affection, folklore stories, grew up dreamy and good-natured.

She was brought up on folk wisdom, was close to the peasants, servants. But Eugene Onegin was brought up by a French tutor, an idle man. His surroundings were preparing him to go out into the world. Eugene Onegin's education is superficial, devoid of national foundations. This led to the fact that any work was unpleasant for him, and life is filled only with eternal celebrations.

In the work of A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" main character, Petr Grinev, is an example of proper education.

He, following the instructions of his father, retained honor in all situations of his life. Peter fought for the honor of Masha Mironova, challenging Shvabrin to a duel, did not want to involve her in the trial, preferred to suffer undeserved punishment, behaved respectfully with Pugachev, even when he had no power.


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Arguments for the final essay and essay on the Russian language.
Education, teacher, upbringing, intelligence, good manners, mentor, etc.
The problem of education, intelligence, upbringing, training, teacher, his role in human life, vocation.

What is the role of a teacher in a person's life? Profession loyalty. Indifferent attitude to the profession.
Argument from Michael Gelprin's story "".
The role of a teacher in human life is difficult to overestimate. A teacher is the one who is able to open a wonderful world, reveal the potential of a person, help determine the choice of a life path. The teacher is not only the one who transmits knowledge, he is, first of all, a moral guide. So, the main character of M. Gelprin's story "on the table" Andrey Petrovich is a teacher with capital letter. This is a man who remained true to his profession even in the most difficult times. In a world where spirituality has faded into the background, Andrey Petrovich continued to defend eternal values. He did not agree to betray his ideals despite the poor financial situation. The reason for this behavior lies in the fact that for him the meaning of life is to share his knowledge with people, to pass it on to future generations. Andrei Petrovich was ready to teach anyone who knocked on his door. Indifferent attitude to the profession is the key to happiness. Only such people can make the world a better place.

How does real education show up?

Real upbringing is manifested primarily at home, in your family, in relationships with your relatives.
If a man on the street lets an unfamiliar woman pass in front of him, and at home does not help his tired wife wash the dishes, he is an ill-mannered person.
If he is polite with acquaintances, and irritated with his family, he is an ill-mannered person.
If, already in adulthood, he takes the help of his parents for granted and does not notice that they themselves already need help, he is an ill-mannered person.
If he likes to joke with his wife or children, not sparing their vanity, especially in front of strangers, then here he is simply stupid.

Who can be called an educated person?
D.S. Likhachev. "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
An educated person is one who wants and knows how to reckon with others, this is one to whom his own courtesy is not only familiar and easy, but also pleasant. This is someone who is equally polite with both the elder and the younger years and by position.
A well-mannered person keeps promises made to others, does not put on airs and is always the same - at home, at school, at the institute, at work, in the store and on the bus.

Why develop good manners?
D.S. Likhachev. "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
There are many books on "good manners," but unfortunately people don't get much from those books. This happens, I think, because good manners books rarely explain what good manners are for.
Yes, good manners can be very external, but they are created by the experience of many generations and signify the centuries-old desire of people to be better, to live more comfortably and more beautifully.
At the heart of all good manners is the care that a person does not interfere with a person, so that everyone together would feel good. No need to make noise, no need to slurp, no need to loudly put a fork on a plate, noisily draw in soup, speak loudly at dinner or talk with a full mouth, do not put your elbows on the table.
It is necessary to be neatly dressed because it shows respect for others. No need to tire the neighbors with incessant jokes, witticisms and anecdotes. Manners, clothes, gait, all behavior should be restrained and ... beautiful. For any beauty does not tire. She is "social". And in the so-called good manners there is always a deep meaning.
It is necessary to educate in oneself not so much manners as what is expressed in manners, a careful attitude to the world: to society, to nature, to animals and birds, to plants, to the beauty of the area, to the past of the places where you live, etc. e. Treat others with respect. And if you have this and a little more resourcefulness, then manners will come to you.
Why do you need to study?


D.S. Likhachev. "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
You must always learn. Until the end of his life, not only taught, but also studied all the major scientists. If you stop learning, you won’t be able to teach, as knowledge grows and becomes more complicated. At the same time, it must be remembered that the most favorable time for learning is youth. It is in youth, in childhood, in adolescence, in youth, that the human mind is most receptive. Receptive to the study of languages, to mathematics, to the assimilation of simple knowledge and aesthetic development, standing next to moral development and partly stimulating it.

How should you study?
D.S. Likhachev. "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
The acquisition of skills and knowledge is the same sport. Teaching is difficult when we do not know how to find joy in it. We must love to study and choose smart forms of recreation and entertainment that can also teach something, develop in us some abilities that will be needed in life.
Know how not to waste time on trifles, on “rest”, which sometimes tires more than the hardest work, do not fill your bright mind with muddy streams of stupid and aimless “information”

How to love learning?
D.S. Likhachev. "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
Getting joy from learning new things largely depends on you. Don't promise: I don't like to study! And you try to love all the subjects that you study at school. If other people liked them, then why might you not like them! Read real books, not just reading. Study history and literature. It is they who give a person a moral and aesthetic outlook, make the world big, interesting, radiating experience and joy. If you don’t like something in any subject, strain and try to find in it a source of joy - the joy of acquiring a new one.
Learn to love learning!

What is the role of play in human education?
D.S. Likhachev. "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
I am often asked why Russian games completely disappear in everyday life. Lapta, burners, gorodki or ruhi?
Not only Russian games disappear, games in general disappear. They are replaced by dancing or what is called dancing. And meanwhile games are very important in the educational relation. The game brings up sociality, it brings up the ability to stick together, play together, feel the partner, feel the enemy. Games must be revived in our lives. At home they are busy watching TV. Here the TV is a serious competitor. used to exist different games in which the whole family took part. it important point because play morally organizes the family, morally organizes society. How little contact we have now between people. They are very important, direct contacts, some kind of intuitive contacts, which are organized in games, in choral singing, in music. Therefore, pedagogical organizations should pay attention to this side of our life, to the fact that games are leaving our life. And why not make physical education lessons in our schools playful? This would give both physical development, and moral, and would unite the class.

What is the role of the teacher in the life of students?


Bel Kaufman "Up the Down Stairs"
So, main character book "Up the stairs leading down", a young teacher Sylvia Barrett, comes to school immediately after college. She hopes to get students interested in her subject, but she encounters only indifference and indifference. Pupils are indifferent to its subject, and colleagues are not at all interested in the life of the school. Difficulties frighten her, but she finds the strength to interest her students, to captivate them with the subject. This becomes possible only through great patience, building relationships based on trust and respect. People like Sylvia Barrett give children the most important life lessons, help them become decent and kind.

What influence can a teacher have on students?
Ch. Aitmatov "The First Teacher"
The influence of the teacher on the formation of the personality of students is very great.
An example confirming my position is Ch. Aitmatov's story "The First Teacher". In the hero Duishen, the author creates an ideal image of a folk teacher - kind, selfless, honest. He teaches children whose parents do not even understand the value of education, gives them a chance to change their future, to choose their own path in life. Duishen himself builds a school, teaches children, and escorts them home after school. The influence that he has on the fate of his wards cannot be overestimated. As adults, they remember with gratitude what he did for them, how he influenced their destinies, changed their lives.

How does education affect a person?
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
On the example of the Rostov family, Tolstoy describes his ideal of family life, good relations between family members. The Rostovs live "the life of the heart", not requiring a special mind from each other, easily and naturally relating to life's troubles. They are characterized by a truly Russian desire for breadth and scope (for example, the organization by Rostov Sr. of the reception of Muscovites in honor of Bagration). All members of the Rostov family are characterized by liveliness and spontaneity (Natasha's name day, Nikolai's behavior in the war, Christmas time). The turning point in the life of the family is the departure from Moscow, the decision to give the carts intended for the export of property to the wounded, which means actual ruin. Old man Rostov dies with a sense of guilt for the ruin of his children, but with a sense of fulfilled patriotic duty.
Family members are connected only by external relations. Prince Vasily does not have a paternal feeling for children, all the Kuragins are divided. And in an independent life, the children of Prince Vasily are doomed to loneliness: Helen and Pierre have no family, despite their official marriage; Anatole, being married to a Polish woman, enters into new relationships, looking for rich wife. Kuragins organically fit into the society of Scherer's salon regulars with its falseness, artificiality, false patriotism, and intrigues. The true face of Prince Vasily appears during the period of "sharing" the inheritance of Kirila Bezukhov, from which he does not intend to refuse under any circumstances. He actually sells his daughter, passing her off as Pierre. Animal, immoral beginning, embedded in Anatole Kuragin, is especially pronounced when his father brings him to the Bolkonskys' house to marry Princess Marya for him (an episode with Mademoiselle Bourrienne). Anatole is extremely ordinary and unintelligent, which, however, does not make him give up his claims.
Does education always make a person kind, does it serve for good?