One of the most reliable signs of pregnancy is a fetal egg. In the ultrasound picture, 2 weeks after the delay in menstruation, one can consider the formation, by the appearance of which one can determine the duration of pregnancy, the nature of its course and identify possible pathological processes of development. normal form gestational sac is round, the deformation of the fetal egg is a cause for serious concern, with this pathology additional examination and careful observation is required.

The structure of the fetal egg

In the first weeks of pregnancy, the fetal egg is a group of cells that, on the way to the uterus through the fallopian tube, continue to divide in the form of an embryo and embryonic membranes. The outer layer of the egg is covered with chorion, the top layer that provides the embryo with nutrition and oxygen exchange.

The so-called " children's place”, or, the placenta, is formed from the top layer of the fetal egg, which is covered with villi. Destroying a small fragment of the mucous membrane of the uterus and the walls of blood vessels at the place of fixation, filling them with blood, the villi are immersed in the prepared place, where implantation takes place.

The structure of the fetal egg in the last trimester of pregnancy is a fetus, amniotic fluid, membranes, umbilical cord and placenta. The egg occupies the entire uterus and weighs about 5 kg.

Visualization of the embryo and ovum with ultrasound begins at a period of 6-7 weeks after the delay in menstruation. Already at this time, possible pathologies can be considered, such as: empty fetal egg, deformation of the fetal egg, detachment of the fetal egg, hematoma of the fetal egg, etc.

Due to the fact that the risk of spontaneous abortion, rejection and other pathologies is highest in the first trimester, ultrasound must be done in a timely manner, which will increase the chances of a successful correction of the situation.

The growth of the fetal egg

When conducting an ultrasound examination, an assessment is made of the internal diameter of the fetal egg - SVD of the fetal egg. To determine the gestational age, indicators of the coccyx-parietal size of the fetus (KTR) are used.

The growth of the fetal egg up to 15-16 weeks of pregnancy averages 1 mm per day, then from 2 to 2.5 mm per day.

For example, a fetal egg of 3 mm corresponds, as a rule, to three weeks of pregnancy, a fetal egg of 6.5 mm to five weeks.

When can I consider a fetal egg after IVF?

Many women who have undergone IVF (in vitro fertilization) (usually women who have had problems conceiving naturally for a long time) look forward with particular trepidation to the first ultrasound, which will help make sure that they have managed to get pregnant. Ultrasound, which is recommended for these patients to be done no earlier than 3 weeks after the procedure, will determine the presence, location and number of fetal eggs, which will confirm pregnancy.

Rejection of the ovum

The initial stage of spontaneous abortion due to any developmental anomalies is the rejection of the fetal egg. When the egg is detached from the chorion due to damage to the vessels, a wound surface is formed, an accumulation of blood occurs behind the membrane of the fetus, which is called "retrochorial hematoma of the fetal egg", an increase in which leads to miscarriage.

It must be understood that the hematoma of the fetal egg is not a threat of termination of pregnancy, but the result of detachment. If the embryo remains alive, the accumulation of blood does not harm the health of the woman and the fetus. A negative effect on the course of pregnancy is the continuation of detachment and an increase in the size of the hematoma.

Detachment of the fetal egg due to hematoma is not a hopeless process. With timely diagnosis, this process can be stopped, preventing the death of the embryo.

The causes of spontaneous abortion may be the following factors:

• prolonged stress;
• bad habits(smoking, drinking alcohol);
• history of induced abortions;
• viral, infectious diseases;
• diseases of the organs of the reproductive system;
• pathology of the uterus;
• anomalies in the development of the fetus;
• Rhesus conflict (mother and fetus), etc.

From the occurrence of such a pathology as the detachment of the ovum, unfortunately, not one of the pregnant women is insured. Treating yourself carefully, listening to your body, you can diagnose this pathological process in time, stopping its further progression.

Signs of detachment of the fetal egg (the first symptoms) may be pulling pains in the lower abdomen, accompanied by spotting Brown color. Allocations of this type indicate the process of resorption of the hematoma, however, in order to avoid re-tearing, a woman should urgently contact a gynecologist who will establish the final diagnosis.

Repetition of detachment of the fetal egg can occur repeatedly, which does not pose a danger to a full-fledged fetus, which subsequently has a chance to securely attach and continue normal development. Without treatment, while being kept in a hospital, the likelihood of a miscarriage is very high.

The complete rest of the woman is one of the main methods of treatment. To ensure complete relaxation of the abdominal wall, the patient must strictly observe bed rest, getting up only when absolutely necessary. The most insignificant movements can increase intra-abdominal pressure, increase the tone of the uterus, which accelerates the process of rejection of the fetal egg. In order to ensure the outflow of blood from the pelvic area, being in a horizontal position, it is recommended to place a small pillow under the buttocks.

It is necessary to monitor the normal emptying of the intestines, preventing stool retention, which keeps the intestines in tension, the correct diet, the exclusion of foods that disrupt normal stools and cause flatulence.

It is very important to provide a calm psychological environment, without stress and emotional upheaval. Sexual life is also recommended to be limited for a while.

Along with these simple requirements, which a woman is able to fulfill on her own, there is a drug treatment prescribed strictly by a doctor.

If detachment of the ovum was diagnosed, hemostatic drugs (etamzilat), antispasmodic drugs (no-shpa, magne B6, papaverine), sedative drugs (valerian extract, novopassitis), hormonal drugs (utrogestan, duphaston) and vitamins (folic acid and vitamin E).

Even if a woman has her own prejudices towards drug treatment, she must correctly prioritize, understanding that without medicines pregnancy is not possible.

The course of treatment lasts, as a rule, two weeks, if necessary, it can be increased. The more demanding of herself a woman will be, responsibly fulfilling the doctor's prescriptions, the faster a positive outcome will come.

After completing the course of treatment, strict supervision of the attending physician is necessary until the end of pregnancy. It should be taken into account the fact that until the end of the process of complete formation of the placenta in a woman who has undergone a detachment of the fetal egg, the risk of re-rejection remains quite high.

In the first weeks of pregnancy, every woman should take care of her health, since it is at this time that the threat of miscarriage most often occurs. If there are certain abnormalities in the female body, such as hormonal instability, decreased immunity, infections, or there is a need to take medications, a detachment of the fetal egg may occur.

Currently, medicine is able to save a pregnancy even at the stage of a threatened miscarriage. The main thing is to take the necessary measures in a timely manner to stop the process of detachment of the fetal egg. Otherwise, the death of the embryo and the loss of pregnancy cannot be avoided.

Detachment of the fetal egg is the primary stage of spontaneous miscarriage. In gynecologists, the term "retrochorial hematoma" is common. It means that the fetal egg has begun rejection from the chorion.

In the place where this happens, the smallest blood vessels are damaged and a wound surface is formed, blood collects behind the fetal membrane, and a hematoma appears. The larger the hematoma, the higher the risk of detachment of the fetal egg.

Why is this condition dangerous?

If the hematoma has reached 40% during the detachment of the fetal egg, this leads to a violation of the growth and development of the embryo, usually this condition ends in spontaneous abortion. Thus, the main danger of rejection lies in the risk of pregnancy loss. To prevent this from happening, it is important to diagnose a hematoma in a timely manner and make every effort to save the fetus.

Depending on the stage of retrochorial hematoma, the following conditions are classified that threaten pregnancy:

• threatening miscarriage: detachment of the fetal egg is barely outlined;
• a miscarriage that has begun: there are pains and bloody discharge from the genital tract;
• abortion is in progress: pain and blood discharge increase, the hematoma grows, most often the pregnancy cannot be saved;
• incomplete abortion: particles of the fetal egg come out of the genital tract;
• cervical pregnancy: development of the embryo in the cervix, surgical intervention is necessary;
• septic abortion: the most serious of all the previous ones, complicated by the addition of an infection;
• late abortion: occurs from the 2nd trimester;
• failed abortion: the fetus stops developing, but is not rejected by the uterus.

The reasons

For each woman, the reason for the detachment of the fetal egg will be individual, since there is no universal term that explains why the rejection of the embryo began. Predisposing factors that can affect this pathological process may be:

• elevated;
• insufficient production of progesterone;
• anomalies in the structure of the uterus;
• infections and viruses;
• gynecological diseases;
• benign and malignant tumors in the pelvic organs;
• serious stressors;
• Rh-conflict of mother and child;
• abortion and curettage in history;
• addictions (smoking, alcoholism, etc.);
• abuse of caffeine;
• unfavorable ecological situation;
• heavy or harmful conditions labor, etc.

You can continue this list for a long time, but most often to the question: “Why is there a threat of miscarriage?”, Doctors answer briefly and clearly: “The hypertonicity of the muscular muscles of the uterus is to blame for everything.” Therefore, experts insist that with the onset of pregnancy and throughout its entire duration, the expectant mother should try to remain calm, protect herself from unnecessary worries and, if necessary, take drugs that reduce the tone of the uterus.

Symptoms

With the onset of detachment, when the fetal egg begins to be torn away from the uterine wall, there is an immediate threat to his life. Outside the uterus, the embryo cannot continue its existence.

As the fetal egg is rejected, a hematoma appears, which every specialist will see on ultrasound, regardless of its stage. But usually an ultrasound examination is carried out later, after the woman has noticed the first symptoms of the threat of pregnancy loss. After all, the detachment of the fetal egg cannot pass unnoticed by her well-being.

The main symptom of a threatened abortion is spotting from the genital tract.

If they look like dried brown blood, then the hematoma formed earlier and in this moment its contents come out. Most often, it is by these secretions that the fact of detachment of the fetal egg is judged.

If the discharge resembles an ichor, this may indicate the healing of the resulting tear, however, possible relapses of this condition cannot be ruled out. If spotting has acquired a rich scarlet color, they are considered a critical signal. This requires urgent hospitalization of a woman in a hospital.

Symptoms-harbingers of a threatening condition are pains of a pulling and cramping nature in the lower abdomen and in the lumbar region. They may be accompanied by a feeling of tension in the uterus associated with its increased tone.

Diagnostics

If a woman is attentive to her health, then it will not be difficult for her to track the symptoms of alleged pathologies, especially the state of a threatened miscarriage. If you find any of the above signs of trouble, you should immediately contact a gynecologist.

The specialist makes the final diagnosis after examining the patient on the gynecological chair and performing an ultrasound examination.

Treatment

If, during an ultrasound scan, the doctor found a detachment of the fetal egg and a hematoma, he suggests that the woman go to the hospital. It is not recommended to argue with him about this, since this condition is an absolute indication for hospitalization. It is impossible and unsafe to treat a detachment of the fetal egg at home without the supervision of a doctor.

Of course, no one can force a woman to go to the hospital against her will. But when she refuses hospitalization, she takes responsibility for maintaining the pregnancy and her health.

In the hospital, you must comply with all doctor's orders and observe bed rest. It is desirable to raise the legs in a horizontal position slightly above the level of the body; for this, a small roller or pillow can be placed under them.

In the hospital, the woman will again have to pass the necessary tests, while the doctor will establish the exact cause of the detachment of the fetal egg and give an estimated prognosis regarding the preservation of the pregnancy. For example, with a lack of progesterone, the expectant mother will be prescribed hormone-containing drugs Duphaston or Utrozhestan.

Also, each patient will receive a mandatory complex in the form of general preparations needed during pregnancy: Folic acid, Vitamin E and Papaverine suppositories. Usually, this list of medicines is supplemented by antispasmodics in the form of Magne B6, No-shpa, and in the later stages, a more serious drug, Ginipral, is added. In addition, expectant mothers can be recommended herbal remedies based on Motherwort and Valerian, polyvitamin complexes for pregnant women.

Inpatient treatment usually lasts more than a week. After discharge, if pregnancy persists, a woman needs to visit a gynecologist more often, limit her physical activity and observe sexual rest.

Prevention

To prevent detachment of the fetal egg in the first weeks of pregnancy, you need to carefully approach the issue of planning conception. This is a responsible step and before you decide on it, you should visit specialists and check your health for possible pathologies. It is diseases that are not identified and not treated in time that can cause spontaneous abortion at an early stage.

It is important to take care of your own health during pregnancy, avoid physical and psycho-emotional stress, as well as taking medications and alcoholic beverages. It has been proven that stress factors are very dangerous for the unborn baby.

Doctors recognize that in today's world, the threat of abortion is by no means uncommon. This is due to the deterioration of environmental living conditions, disruption of the rhythm of life, and more frequent chronic diseases. Fortunately, medicine has been able to make significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of amotio, which allows you to save more pregnancies.

Useful video: how to keep a pregnancy at risk of miscarriage?

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Detachment of the fetal egg is a fairly common pathology that occurs mainly at the end of the first and beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy. As a result of detachment from the chorion of the fetal egg, a hematoma is formed - a cavity with accumulation of blood. It is the hematoma that is diagnosed with the help of ultrasound, and on the basis of it, the diagnosis "" is made.

Symptoms of detachment of the ovum are always present in the case of a large detachment. These are bloody discharge from the genital tract and spasmodic pain. If the hematoma is very small, a few millimeters, it can only be diagnosed using ultrasound and is an accidental finding, while the woman considers herself absolutely healthy.

Many expectant mothers are interested in what causes the detachment of the fetal egg to occur in order to try to prevent the development of this pathology. However, there is no one specific reason. There are a lot of them. This is an increase in blood pressure, and, possibly, a lack of progesterone, and features of the chorion vessels, etc. Therefore, it is better not to study what a detachment of the fetal egg is without the need, but to register for pregnancy in a timely manner and undergo all recommended examinations on time, plus to this, observe the correct mode of work and rest, eat right.

The consequences of detachment of the fetal egg for the mother and fetus depend on its size. As a rule, with a detachment of more than 40 percent (compared to a fetal egg), a miscarriage occurs. With a slight detachment with a tendency to reduce the hematoma, there are no threats to the development of the fetus. This diagnosis may sound like this - partial detachment of the fetal egg with the formation of a hematoma. With such a diagnosis, a woman is placed in a hospital and the size of the hematoma is monitored by ultrasound. They must decrease. Brown discharge in the process of recovery is considered a positive diagnostic criterion - this is the “old” blood coming out, the hematoma is emptied. If, on the contrary, the hematoma becomes larger, the partial detachment of the fetal egg can become complete, and a miscarriage will occur.

As for the treatment, it is, for the most part, symptomatic. If there is, it is removed with the help of tocolytic drugs. With abundant bleeding, hemostatic drugs are prescribed. It also makes sense to prescribe progesterone preparations, preferably Utrozhestan, in order to prevent a possible lack of progesterone and save

Pregnancy is an unforgettable period in the life of every woman. Any future mother would like this time to pass without worries and worries. And what a pity if such an amazing time is overshadowed by the appearance of any problems. In the early stages of pregnancy, detachment of the fetal egg often occurs - a dangerous condition that threatens to terminate the pregnancy. What to do if such a nuisance happened?

Why does a fertilized egg exfoliate?

Under normal conditions, the fertilized egg performs its protective function until the birth. Its inner shell is called the amnion and faces the embryo. The outer shell (chorion) is attached to the wall of the uterus. In the second trimester of pregnancy, the placenta is formed from the chorion. In a normal situation, nothing prevents the fetal membranes from protecting the baby from external influences. Even periodic toning of the uterus should not lead to detachment of the fetal egg. Why does this situation happen from time to time?

Detachment of the fetal egg can lead to the death of the embryo and termination of pregnancy. There are several reasons why this situation is early dates:

• defect of the fetal egg;
• chromosomal mutations of the embryo;
• hormonal failure in a woman's body;
• infectious diseases;
• autoimmune processes;
• diseases of the blood coagulation system.

There is an opinion that in the very early stages of pregnancy, detachment of the ovum is the result of natural selection. Thus, the body signals to the woman that the embryo is seriously ill and will not be able to exist safely after birth. Another thing is that modern medicine copes even with severe diseases of newborns. Many malformations are successfully treated immediately after the baby is born or even in the womb.

So what about a woman who has begun detachment of the membranes? Accept and wait for any outcome, or try to keep the pregnancy with all your might? None of the doctors can give an answer to this question. The decision remains with the woman and is determined only by her desire to maintain or terminate the pregnancy.

Options for detachment of the ovum in the first trimester

Departure of the membranes can occur in different ways. There are several situations in which spontaneous miscarriage occurs.

Biochemical pregnancy

This term is understood as a pregnancy that was interrupted for a period of 1-2 weeks, even before the delay in menstruation. At the same time, the fetal egg is not determined by ultrasound, and only a blood test for hCG makes it possible to find out that conception has occurred. Many women are not even aware that they were pregnant. For a period of about two weeks, detachment of the fetal egg occurs. Bloody discharge from the genital tract appears, which is taken by a woman for menstruation. The cause of a miscarriage at this time is considered to be a defect in the fetal egg, which occurred even at the time of the formation of the embryo. Hormonal imbalances are not excluded.

Incomplete detachment of the fetal egg (beginning miscarriage)

In this situation, only part of the fetal membranes exfoliate from the uterine wall. A hematoma is formed - a blood clot between the chorion and the uterus. A woman has pain in the lower abdomen and bleeding from the genital tract of varying degrees of intensity. Incomplete detachment does not always end in miscarriage. If the heart of the embryo beats, there are considerable chances to keep the pregnancy.

Complete detachment of the ovum

In this case, the fetal membranes exfoliate from the walls of the uterus and the embryo dies. The uterus comes into tone, trying to get rid of the fetus. There is a strong cramping pain in the lower abdomen, radiating to the lower back and sacrum. Bleeding develops, often threatening the woman's life. It is impossible to save the pregnancy in this case.

Non-developing pregnancy

The condition in which the death of the embryo occurs before the detachment of the fetal egg is called a non-developing (regressive) pregnancy. In this case, the heartbeat of the embryo on ultrasound is not determined. The uterus decreases in size, all signs of pregnancy disappear. There are bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen. Detachment of the fetal egg does not occur immediately, but only a few weeks after the death of the embryo. In many cases, the membranes never come out on their own and have to be surgically removed.

Diagnosis of detachment of the fetal egg in early pregnancy

If a detachment of the membranes is suspected, a gynecological examination and ultrasound examination are mandatory. On ultrasound, the doctor assesses the condition of the chorion (the outer part of the fetal egg), notes whether there is a hematoma. Be sure to listen to the fetal heartbeat. An ultrasound examination can detect a fetal egg for a period of 3-4 weeks, and listen to the baby's heart after 6 weeks.

Methods of treatment of detachment of the fetal egg in the first trimester

In early pregnancy, therapy is carried out only if the embryo is alive, and its heartbeat is heard on ultrasound. To eliminate hormonal disorders, progesterone preparations are prescribed. These funds create the optimal hormonal background for the development of pregnancy up to 14-16 weeks. After 16 weeks, progesterone begins to be produced by the placenta, and the need for its intake from the outside disappears.

To relieve pain and reduce the tone of the uterus are used antispasmodic drugs. In the first trimester of pregnancy, drotaverine or papaverine is used. Both of these drugs effectively eliminate uterine hypertonicity and reduce the risk of spontaneous miscarriage.

To maintain general immunity and increase the body's defenses, a pregnant woman is recommended to take vitamin complexes. If, against the background of toxicosis, multivitamins are not absorbed, you should drink at least folic acid. Of great importance is good nutrition, as well as a properly organized daily routine. For the entire period of treatment, physical activity and sexual activity are prohibited.

Prevention of detachment of the fetal egg has not been developed. Refusal of bad habits and timely treatment of infectious diseases of the uterus and appendages reduce the risk of spontaneous miscarriage. Before planning a pregnancy, it makes sense to undergo a full examination by a specialist in order to exclude the possibility of hormonal disorders and other health problems.

For most women, getting pregnant is a joyful and important event. The first trimester is the time when the fetus is just beginning to form and has not yet fully established itself inside the uterus. During this period, you need to carefully monitor your health and the course of pregnancy in order to detect possible pathologies in time. One of the complications that can lead to miscarriage is the detachment of the fetal egg.

Process description

Detachment of the fetal egg is the beginning of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). The egg begins to separate from the placenta, thereby damaging the blood vessels. A hematoma forms at the site of the rupture. It begins to increase, causing further exfoliation.

Detachment of more than 40% of the size of the fetal egg is considered dangerous. In this case, the diagnosis is made "threat of termination of pregnancy." In this case, treatment is mandatory, otherwise the fetus will completely detach from the placenta, which will lead to miscarriage or fading of pregnancy.

Detachment less than 40% in medical practice is called partial detachment of the fetal egg. With a slight detachment, the formed hematoma can overgrow itself, and the fetal egg will again be fixed on the placenta. And yet, if a pathology is detected, it cannot be ignored, since when the fetus is separated from the chorion, it will receive less nutrients. Placental insufficiency may develop.

When this happens in the early stages of pregnancy, the situation may repeat one or more times in the later period. In some cases, by the gestational age of 12 weeks, the fetal egg is already firmly attached to the chorion, and then relapses no longer occur.

Diagnosis of this pathology is possible only with the help of ultrasound, which will show damage. By the size of the hematoma, you can determine the degree of risk for a woman and a child and prescribe appropriate treatment in a hospital.

Symptoms

There are few signs for determining the detachment of the fetal egg, but they are pronounced. If you have any of them, you must definitely contact the "ambulance", without waiting for a scheduled appointment with a doctor.

Reasons for suspicion of an incipient miscarriage are:

• Spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen, radiating to the lumbar region. The sensations are usually similar to menstrual pain. Cramping occurs due to contraction of the uterus, which tries to push out the exfoliated fetus.
• Bleeding. There can be three types:
  • Brown. Most often, this is a sign that an existing hematoma is overgrowing.
  • Sanctuary. They talk about the growth of a hematoma.
  • Bright red. They require immediate hospitalization, as this is a clear sign of an incipient miscarriage.
• Hard abdomen in the region of the uterus. Petrification occurs when the uterus contracts.

If you suspect a detachment of the fetal egg, you must immediately contact a medical institution. Miscarriage can be prevented if treated early.

The above signs and symptoms can signal other pathologies of pregnancy. You don't need to self-diagnose. A correct diagnosis can only be made by a doctor based on the results of ultrasound and, if necessary, other studies.

Causes

It is impossible to say exactly what causes detachment. Factors can be different, and determine what became the fault in specific case, It does not always work. Sometimes a woman herself provokes a pathology, not observing the necessary rules during pregnancy. Or the delamination occurs for reasons beyond its control.

Circumstances that increase the risk of a threat:

• Rhesus conflict between mother and child;
• genetic disorders;
• lack of progesterone, less often other hormonal disruptions;
• physical exercise;
• frequent abortions prior to current pregnancy;
• high blood pressure;
• infectious diseases of the genitourinary system.

During pregnancy, you should, if possible, try to exclude the listed factors and keep your health under control, constantly being monitored by a doctor.

Treatment and therapy

Therapy in case of a threat of miscarriage should be carried out in a hospital under the constant supervision of medical personnel. In cases where the detachment of the fetal egg is small, home treatment is allowed, but only with the agreement of the doctor and the implementation of all his recommendations.

The main condition for treatment is bed rest. Get up only when absolutely necessary. In a horizontal position, the uterus can completely relax, which will help the ovum to grow back to the placenta.

It is best to lie on your back with a pillow under your pelvic area. This will help lower blood pressure in the uterine area.

Completely excluded physical activity, any stress. Sexual rest in this pathology is required during treatment. It is desirable to completely exclude sexual contact for the entire period of pregnancy. Before resuming a close relationship, you should consult with your doctor.

Drug treatment for detachment of the fetal egg includes:

1. Antispasmodics to reduce the tone of the uterus - No-shpa, Papaverine.
2. Sedative preparations - motherwort, valerian extract.
3. Hemostatic with severe bleeding - Etamzilat, Dicinon.
4. Vitamins to increase immunity - multivitamin complexes for pregnant women, in particular, folic acid and vitamin E are needed.
5. Hormonal drugs in case of lack of progesterone - Utrozhestan, Duphaston.

Treatment is selected by the doctor depending on the causes of the pathology (if any) and the individual characteristics of the organism.

Among other things, a diet is prescribed that excludes foods that cause increased gas formation, fix stools, or provoke diarrhea. It is not recommended to drink tonic drinks that increase blood pressure (tea, coffee).

Detachment of the fetal egg in the early stages of pregnancy is a dangerous phenomenon that, if left untreated, provokes a miscarriage or missed abortion. Modern medicine is able to save the fetus with such a diagnosis. The main thing is not to ignore the symptoms by promptly seeking medical help. It is important to follow all recommendations and take prescribed medications.

With timely started and correct therapy, you can avoid the consequences and endure a healthy child. After identifying the pathology, you need to see a doctor for the entire remaining period of pregnancy.

In the initial stages, pregnancy is very susceptible to possible risks. It is in the first weeks that miscarriages most often occur, therefore, as soon as a woman finds out that she is expecting a baby, it is important for her to begin to constantly control her well-being. Very often, a detachment of the fetal egg is capable of provoking a spontaneous abortion in the early stages of pregnancy. Read on about the features of this pathology, as well as how to prevent its occurrence.

A fertilized egg is an egg that is fertilized by a sperm and attaches to the walls of the uterus. In another way, the fetal egg is the primary environment in which the embryo resides at the very beginning of its development.

Also, the fetal egg is the 1st structure, distinguished by ultrasound and helping to confirm the presence of pregnancy. It has the shape of an oval or circle, increases in size over time.

Around the fifth week, the presence of a yolk sac is clearly visible inside the fetal egg. His presence speaks of normal course pregnancy and means that the fetus has enough of all the necessary substances. Based on the diameter of the fetal egg, it seems possible to establish the exact term of pregnancy, as well as its possible violations (the doctor evaluates the shape and, thanks to the information received, reveals the state of the uterine tone).

What happens when the ovum is detached

Under the medical term "detachment" they understand two types of conditions at once: critical (occurring in the middle and end of pregnancy) and directly detachment of the fetal egg (typical for the initial stages). The latter option can provoke various injuries, as well as toxicosis.

The establishment of such a diagnosis in the initial terms of pregnancy is a very alarming signal and may be a harbinger of miscarriage. Fortunately, this phenomenon occurs quite infrequently (only from 0.5 to 1.7 percent of all pregnancies).

Detachment of the fetal egg can be mild, moderate and severe. In the case of the middle stage, there are strong pain sensations in the lower abdomen, the uterus tenses up, and bloody discharge is characteristic.

In a severe stage of detachment (it is a critical condition), the presence of dizziness, nausea with vomiting, palpitations is characteristic, the patient may lose consciousness, the fetus does not have enough oxygen, the heart rhythm is disturbed, uterine asymmetry and hypertonicity are typical, bleeding (can be external and internal).

Important! If a pregnant woman has signs indicating a possible detachment of the fetal egg, you should immediately go to the hospital for medical help. In mild to moderate severity, you can still cope with this condition with the help of special medicines.

Now let's take a closer look at the detachment that occurs in the early stages. Let's start with some anatomical data. So, the uterus is a muscular organ, which is characterized by periodic contractions (mostly minor). When pregnancy occurs, the fetal egg, as already indicated above, is attached to the uterine cavity, where the process of its further development takes place.

At the same time, the formation of the placenta begins, which at the beginning of pregnancy is called the chorion. Chorion is a villous membrane of the embryo that covers the entire surface of the fetal egg. The embryo can be introduced into the uterine mucosa precisely because of the villi.

The chorion occupies a very important place in the process of fetal development, because it is through it that the embryo can receive the necessary nutrients, as well as oxygen. From the child to the mother, metabolic products leave along with carbon dioxide. Of course, it is very important that the placenta develops normally, because it is she who is able to replace the embryo and the lungs, and the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, and the skin and kidneys at the same time. The formation of a full-fledged placenta occurs at the end of the 1st month of pregnancy.

At the same time, characteristic changes are observed in the uterus, there is an even greater growth of chorionic villi. As mentioned above, the uterus contracts periodically. But this applies only to her, the placenta does not have such a function, which is why, in the case of a strong contraction of the uterus in the initial stages of pregnancy, partial or even complete detachment of the fetal egg can occur. There are cases when this pathological process occurred due to poor blood supply or features of the immune reactions of the body of a pregnant woman.

The causes of this pathology

Because of what, a fetal egg, normally developing, can begin to be rejected? It is rather difficult to answer this question. A whole set of factors can lead to such a pathological condition, the following stand out among them:

• the presence of hormonal disorders;
• abortions performed by a woman earlier;
• the presence of violations in the reproductive sphere;
• the presence of various formations;
• inflammatory phenomena occurring in the pelvic organs;
• features of the anatomy of the gynecological organs of a woman;
• infections and viruses that a pregnant woman has contracted;
• the presence of sexually transmitted diseases;
• the presence of arterial hypertension;
• various negative environmental factors that a woman in a position has been exposed to;
• the presence of unhealthy habits (smoking, drinking alcohol, drugs);
• physical overload;
• significant emotional upheaval;
• the presence of genetic pathologies;
• Rhesus conflict between mother and fetus;
• abnormal development of the embryo or placenta.

Despite such an extensive list of factors that can provoke detachment, the most important of them is progesterone deficiency. With her, the female body does not produce enough progesterone, and it is this hormone that is responsible for the normal process of bearing a baby.

Symptoms of this condition

It is rational to talk about detachment when the process of premature rejection of the fetal egg from the uterus has begun. This is a real threat to the life of the fetus. The embryo is not able to exist outside the uterine cavity, therefore, a complete detachment will invariably provoke its death and end in a miscarriage. In fact, detachment is the very first stage of spontaneous abortion.

Together with the detachment of the chorion, the vessels begin to rupture, due to which it has penetrated into the uterus, a hematoma forms in this area. This is exactly what will be the very first symptom of detachment, which is found on ultrasound diagnostics. In the case of a partial or not very pronounced detachment, a hematoma may be the only manifestation of this pathological condition.

But for the most part, women are able to independently identify pathology by deteriorating general well-being and the appearance of blood from the vagina.

Blood discharge is a typical symptom of the onset of detachment. The presence of brown gore confirms the fact that the formation of a hematoma occurred earlier, and the discharge is its contents that are brought out.

In the event that an ichor appears from the genital tract, the tear begins to “overgrow”, but this in no way means that you need to do nothing! On the contrary, it is important to consult a doctor who will monitor your condition.

Bright red discharge is a critical sign of an incipient miscarriage and requires an immediate emergency call and the woman's hospitalization. In addition, you should be wary if you notice the appearance of cramping or pulling pain in the lower abdomen or lower back (which are very similar in nature to menstruation), and also feel that the uterus has become hard: due to hypertonicity, it spasms and rejection begins fetus. This process can be felt as a petrification of the lower abdomen.

How is detachment treated?

If the diagnosis is confirmed, the woman must be hospitalized. The process of treatment of this condition takes place only in a hospital, under the close supervision of physicians. Of course, you have the right to refuse hospitalization and insist on treatment at home, but in this case, doctors will not give you a guarantee that such a condition will not recur and then it will end in a miscarriage.

The most important point that must be observed in case of detachment of the fetal egg is a state of absolute rest. Not just, but even ordinary walking is forbidden (even light walking contributes to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure and, as a result, the appearance of uterine hypertonicity, which will accelerate the process of detachment).

It is important to completely relax the muscles of the abdominal wall, and to achieve such a state is really only when lying down. If a woman begins to perform even minimal actions, the abdominal wall will tense up.

Often, doctors advise placing a special roller or pillow under the buttocks area. It promotes the outflow of blood from the pelvis. With increased intestinal peristalsis, there is a risk of re-exfoliation, so a woman should follow a special diet. It is important to abandon products that have a laxative effect, as well as fastening and gas-forming. Eliminate tea and coffee from your diet as well.

Of course, in such a situation, you will have to give up intimacy, while with normal course pregnancy sex is allowed. It is important not only to eliminate physical risk factors, but also to monitor your psycho-emotional state. Eliminate any stressful situations and possible experiences.

A specialist can prescribe medications that help maintain pregnancy. Among them:

• antispasmodics (using No-shpu, Papaverine, magne B6);
• hemostatic drugs (for example, Etamzilat);
• soothing (usually valerian);
• hormonal agents (Dufaston, Utrozhestan);
• vitamins (usually these are preparations with folic acid and vitamin E); other medicines.

Of course, only the doctor is involved in the choice of the necessary funds, as well as their dosage. Eliminate any attempts at self-treatment, because they can bring great harm, especially in this position.

The duration of treatment is set purely on an individual basis. In most cases, treatment lasts about 14 days. This indicator directly depends on how clearly the woman follows all the doctor's instructions. Therefore, if you wish to leave the hospital as soon as possible, strictly adhere to all appointments and prescriptions.

If a pregnant woman is faced with such a phenomenon as detachment at the initial stage "", in the future she will have to be constantly checked by a doctor to prevent a recurrence of the situation. Remember that routine checkups are not a whim, but a necessity. Gynecologists believe that if the process of placental formation has not completed, the risks of recurrence remain extremely high.

Possible risks

Do not forget that with a partial detachment of the fetal egg, there is a likely threat of miscarriage, and in the case of a complete one, a spontaneous abortion has already taken place. Since very often this pathological process does not make itself felt and is detected exclusively on ultrasound, you need to be systematically examined and monitor your health.

At the initial stage of detachment, even if there is minor bleeding, it is still possible to keep the pregnancy if you go to the hospital in time.

It is important, as soon as you notice the first manifestations of detachment, to take a horizontal position and in no case start drinking any medications on your own. The use of medications can only "lubricate" the clinical picture and significantly complicate the process of diagnosis and subsequent treatment of pathology.

Video - behavior in case of threatened miscarriage

Preventive measures

The first thing a young couple planning a baby to start with is planning for conception. Before this, it is recommended to conduct a complete examination of the health status of both the future mother and father. This will help identify possible pathologies that may adversely affect the condition of the fetus in the future.

Particular attention is paid to inflammatory processes - before getting pregnant, it is important to make sure that you are completely healthy. If the results of the examination show the presence of any pathologies, be sure to undergo the necessary treatment. Of course, the doctor should prescribe it, not you yourself.

When the “preparatory” stage is left behind and you see two long-awaited stripes on the test, start carefully monitoring your health. Eliminate any bad habits, refuse to take medication, reduce physical activity. Stress is one of the main enemies of the fetus, it is highly undesirable for the expectant mother to experience strong emotional upheavals. The only exception is positive emotions, but they must also be dosed.

As soon as she learns about her pregnancy, a woman must immediately begin to treat herself and her own health more carefully, carefully and responsibly. Firstly, from this moment on, the life of the unborn baby depends entirely on the well-being of the mother's body. Secondly, pregnancy itself causes a temporary decrease in a woman's immunity. Thirdly, none of us is immune from the development of complications when carrying a child. Fourthly, most of them manifest themselves precisely in the early stages of pregnancy - in the first trimester, which has the highest number of spontaneous abortions during pregnancy.

One of the most dangerous complications during the period of bearing a child can be detachment of the fetal egg during pregnancy.

Detachment of the ovum: symptoms

Detachment is said to be when the fetal egg prematurely begins to be rejected from the uterus, which, naturally, poses a threat to his life. Outside the uterus, the fetus cannot exist, and therefore complete detachment ends with its death and miscarriage. In fact, detachment is the initial stage of spontaneous abortion.

As the chorion peels off, the vessels that attach it to the uterus rupture, and a bruise occurs in this place - a hematoma. During the passage of an ultrasound, a specialist will certainly notice a hematoma forming near the placenta even at a very early stage. If the detachment is partial and not very pronounced, then perhaps this will be the only sign of a violation during pregnancy, fortunately detected during a routine ultrasound examination.

But very often a woman who begins rejection of the chorion or fetal egg is able to notice the symptoms of detachment on her own by changes in her own well-being and in the color of vaginal discharge.

The most characteristic sign of the onset of detachment and the threat of termination of pregnancy is spotting during pregnancy. Traces of brown gore indicate that the hematoma formed earlier, and this is the contents coming out of it. It is this kind of discharge that is characteristic of detachment of the fetal egg. The appearance of ichor from the genital tract indicates the "healing" of the tear, but relapses are not excluded. A change in spotting towards red is considered as a critical sign of a developing miscarriage and requires immediate hospitalization of the pregnant woman.

Threat harbingers can be cramping or pulling pains in the lower abdomen and in the lumbar region (reminiscent of menstruation), as well as a feeling of hardness of the uterus: due to increased tone, it spasms, rejecting the fetus, which a woman can feel as a petrification in the lower abdomen.

Detachment of the fetal egg: causes

Why the fetal egg of a normally started and seemingly successfully developing pregnancy suddenly begins to be rejected is not easy to answer. This may contribute great amount various factors and causes, among which experts distinguish the following:

• hormonal disorders;
• past abortive cleansing;
• diseases of the reproductive system of the mother;
• the presence of tumors of different etiologies;
• inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs;
• physiological pathologies in the development of gynecological organs;
• infectious and viral diseases during pregnancy;
• sexual infections in a pregnant woman;
• high blood pressure;
• the impact of harmful external factors on the body of the expectant mother (chemicals, gases, etc.);
• bad habits during pregnancy;
• strong physical activity;
• nervous shocks;
• genetic disorders;
• Rhesus conflict during pregnancy;
• disturbances in the development of the fetus or placenta.

But still, the main reason why detachment occurs during pregnancy, doctors call progesterone deficiency - a condition in which the hormone (progesterone) necessary for the maintenance and development of pregnancy in a woman's body is produced less than necessary.

Detachment of the ovum: treatment and prognosis

If the symptoms of detachment of the fetal egg are ignored and no measures are taken to stop it, then with a high probability it will be rejected by the uterus - and pregnancy will fade or miscarriage will occur. That is why, at the slightest suspicion of something wrong, a woman needs to see a doctor, and if bleeding begins in the early stages of pregnancy, then call an ambulance and go to the hospital without delay!

However, there are no reasons for sorrows and fears. Obstetricians and gynecologists have extensive experience in the treatment of detachment and with timely treatment of a woman for medical care can stop the detachment that has begun in a short time.

If there is a high probability of complete detachment, then the woman is hospitalized. In any case, she is shown absolute rest - bed rest (you can neither sit nor walk), not the slightest sudden movements, no sexual intercourse and even a hint of stress! It is useful to lie with legs raised above the level of the body. In the early stages, it is also necessary to measure the basal temperature to diagnose the state of pregnancy: a decrease in BBT is a bad sign.

To eliminate the uterine tone, the pregnant woman will be prescribed antispasmodic drugs (usually No-shpa, Magne B6, Papaverine), for relaxation and calming - soothing therapy (often valerian or motherwort), if necessary, hemostatic drugs (for example, Dicynon) or progesterone therapy will be prescribed (Utrozhestan, Duphaston). If a woman is not yet taking vitamin preparations, then the doctor will advise her folic acid, vitamin E, multivitamins. This is standard therapy during pregnancy. Among other things, it is necessary to adhere to a sparing diet that prevents stool retention and gas formation.

Henceforth, after the woman's condition improves and the woman is discharged from the hospital, her pregnancy requires constant medical supervision and increased attention, at least until the 16th week of pregnancy, but better until its very end.

Rest assured: stopping a detachment and preventing a miscarriage is not so difficult. The main thing is not to ignore the alarming signs from your body and the recommendations of doctors, when a violation in the development of pregnancy is obvious - every minute can be expensive. A diligent visit antenatal clinic for scheduled examinations, it will become your insurance against various kinds of complications: medical experience and the results of laboratory tests will help to identify the pathology at the earliest stage of its inception and take the necessary measures to eliminate it.

Health to you and your baby!

Especially for - Margarita SOLOVIEVA

Detachment of the fetal egg can be one of the causes of miscarriage. Detachment of the fetal egg is formed after a uterine hematoma, a very serious pathology that can cause significant harm to the health of the expectant mother.

As soon as a woman finds out that she will soon become a mother, her lifestyle changes dramatically. From this moment on, it begins to develop new life which needs constant protection and proper care. But, unfortunately, not everything depends on how attentive a woman is to herself. There are times when her body can not adapt to the development of life inside.

Most often, detachment occurs in the early stages of pregnancy, up to about the twelfth week. is the primary sign of detachment of the fetal egg (in the place where the detachment occurred, a bloody wound is formed, which may subsequently increase in size).

The danger of this pathology is very easy to explain. As soon as the fetus completely departs from the uterine wall, it dies, because the only organ capable of carrying a baby will be the female uterus. As a result of detachment of the fetal egg, the baby does not receive enough nutrition, and placental insufficiency may also occur. Timely diagnosis will help to avoid sad consequences for the life of the mother and the unborn child, and can also be treated with careful supervision of specialists.

Ultrasound of detachment of the fetal egg

Early diagnosis of fetal detachment can save pregnancy from spontaneous abortion, which occurs after complete rejection by the uterus. As we have already said, detachment of the fetal egg occurs in the early stages of pregnancy, at the moment when the egg is implanted in the walls of the uterus and must be attached as securely as possible.

A planned ultrasound examination, which a woman undergoes in the first period of pregnancy, is able to detect detachment before its first symptomatic manifestations. On ultrasound, it will immediately become clear that you have this pathology, and upon detection, you can accurately determine its type (partial or complete). In the event that an ultrasound has diagnosed you with a detachment of the ovum, you should go to the hospital for preservation and be under the supervision of doctors daily until the risk of miscarriage is minimal.

Partial detachment of the ovum

The degree of threat during egg detachment depends on how many percent this pathology has already developed. A threat to the development of the fetus occurs when the detachment exceeds 40 percent of the size of the fetal egg.

In cases where the detachment is minimal and treatable, doctors diagnose "partial detachment of the fetal egg." In this case, doctors begin immediate treatment aimed at stabilizing the state of pregnancy.

Usually this diagnosis sounds like a partial detachment of the fetal egg with a formed hematoma. Such a diagnosis, right approach does not result in fetal death.

Causes and symptoms of detachment of the fetal egg

As a result of detachment, a hematoma is always formed. This is a patch of blood in the place where the detachment occurred. At the moment, detachment is one of the most common pathologies that occur in early pregnancy (possible before the start of the second trimester).

The difficulty of treating a hematoma is that until it acquires a rather large size, its symptoms are almost invisible. You can see the primary detachment only on ultrasound. There is no one specific reason for the detachment of the fetal egg, most often several causes combined lead to pathology.

Among the most common are:
• lack of progesterone;
• high blood pressure;
• the impossibility of fixing the fetal egg provoked by previous abortions and purges;
• hormonal disorders;
• excessive physical activity;
• stress;
• Rhesus conflict;
• various sexual and pelvic infections;
• wrong way of life in combination with bad habits;
• disorders in the formation of the placenta.

The lack of the hormone progesterone is the main reason for the occurrence of detachment of the fetal egg (progesterone is a female hormone that is necessary for the normal development and formation of the fetus).

Symptoms of detachment are closely related to the causes of hematoma. These are sharp pulling pains in the lower abdomen, combined with bloody discharge. But it is worth noting that when brown discharge(already thickened blood) it can be assumed that the hematoma is decreasing in size. Do not self-diagnose yourself, relying only on similar symptoms. An accurate diagnosis can be made by a specialist after undergoing an ultrasound examination.

Treatment of detachment of the fetal egg

Based on favorable experience, all girls who seek to maintain pregnancy, when a detachment of the fetal egg is detected, for the duration of the pathology treatment, go to the hospital for preservation in order to be constantly under the supervision of a specialist. The most important thing in the treatment of this pathology is a complete state of rest and adherence to a special diet for easy functioning of the intestines.

Sexual relations from the moment you have a detachment, it is better to exclude until the very end of pregnancy. This is due to the fact that detachment can be repeated. Further indications for the return of sexual intercourse are specified individually with your doctor.

Drug treatment is also prescribed individually, with the appointment of antispasmodics, which can reduce the tone of the uterus and reduce pain. The second part of medical intervention is associated with vitamin complex and restoring the balance of the hormone progesterone.

It can be confidently stated that it is possible to prevent and even stop placental abruption if you listen to the alarm bells of your body in a timely manner. When treating this pathology, you need to follow all the doctor's instructions, and most importantly, act immediately, because with such serious pathologies, every minute is precious.

Pregnancy at any time requires a woman's careful attitude to her condition. After all, it is now in it that the future life is born and develops. However, special attention is needed future mother it is at the beginning of bearing a baby, since this new state of the body is still very sensitive to external factors. Often there is a detachment of the fetal egg in the early stages. At the same time, there is a risk to both the health of the woman and the baby.

fertilized egg

A fertilized egg is an egg that has been fertilized by a sperm. It attaches to the walls of the uterus. In other words, this is the name of the environment in which the future child at the initial stages of development. This is the very first structure that can be seen on ultrasound and confirm pregnancy. Has an oval or round shape and increase in size over time. At about 5 weeks, a yolk sac can be observed inside. Its presence indicates that the pregnancy is proceeding normally and the embryo has nutrients. The fetal egg makes it possible to establish the gestational age (according to its diameter), as well as possible violations (by form, a specialist can identify the tone of the uterus).

What is a detachment of the ovum in early pregnancy? A photo

One of the stages of spontaneous abortion is retrochorial hematoma. At the same time, the fetal egg that has formed begins to be rejected from the chorion. Vessels are damaged, a hematoma is formed due to the accumulation of blood. It may increase further. This situation leads to the fact that the detachment of the fetal egg in the early stages of pregnancy will occur until it is completely rejected. Early treatment will help keep the pregnancy going.

Why is this condition dangerous? Degrees of detachment

The most severe consequences are caused by hematomas, which occupy about 40% of the fetal egg. The growth of the embryo is disrupted. The main danger of detachment lies in the fact that with untimely treatment, the child can be lost. There is a very big threat of interrupting the bearing of the baby. Detachment of the fetal egg in the early stages of pregnancy can have quite deplorable consequences, but a problem detected in time allows the child to develop further. Depending on the stage at which the retrochorial hematoma is located, the following types are distinguished:

• threatening miscarriage (in which detachment is just beginning);
• (there are lingering pains in the abdomen, spotting can be observed);
• abortion in progress (bleeding and pain increase, detachment increases); it is often impossible to save such a pregnancy;
• (a part of the fetal egg is born);
• (the egg develops in the cervix); the main method of treatment is surgery;
• septic abortion (the most difficult abortion);
• late abortion (from 13 weeks).

There is also a failed abortion. In this case, the fetal egg stops development, but is not rejected.

Causes

Often it is impossible to determine the specific cause of this condition. Experts name only a number of factors that can lead to fetal rejection. Among them, hormonal disorders, pathologies of the pelvic organs (mainly the uterus) are distinguished. Stress is capable of disturbing the natural, strong nervous tension. Great physical exertion can also lead to a condition in which detachment of the ovum in the early stages of pregnancy is quite real. Some doctors identify among the causes and Rh-conflict of mother and child. It is important that alcohol abuse, previous abortions are also risk factors. Viral diseases, infections can also contribute to the onset of such a process as detachment of the fetal egg in early pregnancy. Causes - these are all unfavorable factors for bearing a child, both domestic and medical.

Symptoms of the onset of spontaneous abortion

To be able to keep the pregnancy, it is very important to know the first symptoms of retrochorial hematoma and recognize them in time. Unpleasant pain in the lower abdomen should alert and make you pay attention. If you find any discharge (in this case, they will be bloody, coffee-colored), you should seek medical help as soon as possible. Often there is bleeding, blood pressure drops. In a hospital, further diagnosis is carried out using ultrasound. The doctor monitors whether the hematoma increases and whether the detachment of the fetal egg continues in the early stages of pregnancy. Symptoms associated with any deviation from the normal state should lead to seek the advice of a specialist.

Treatment Methods

The main goal of treating retrochorial hematoma is to stop its growth. Of course, this happens in the hospital. The woman is shown absolute peace. Walking is also not recommended, as this can often be advised by doctors to put a pillow or blanket under the pelvis to ensure the outflow of blood. If a diagnosis of "detachment of the ovum in the early stages of pregnancy" is made, the treatment involves the observance of a special diet. Since stress on the intestines is not desirable, foods that lead to constipation (or diarrhea) and increase gas formation are excluded. Emotional balance is equally important. Used in the treatment and medications, including those that stop bleeding, antispasmodics, sedatives, vitamins. Hormone therapy is often performed. The type of treatment is selected by the doctor purely individually. The duration is at least two weeks. The more strictly the recommendations are followed, the sooner the result will be visible. After such treatment, the woman should be under constant supervision. Planned visits to the antenatal clinic should not be avoided.

Prevention of the occurrence of detachment

In order to avoid such a condition as detachment of the ovum in early pregnancy, it is important to carefully plan conception. Before such a responsible step, it is worth visiting a number of doctors and curing possible infectious diseases. The gynecologist may prescribe some additional studies. If there are inflammatory processes, then in no case should you self-medicate. It is important to treat your health responsibly in the first weeks of pregnancy, to avoid alcohol, drugs, and heavy physical exertion. Stress is one of the main enemies of the unborn child. Strong emotional outbursts are not very desirable in this state, unless they are caused by positive moments.