After the birth of a baby, a new stage begins in the life of young parents: they observe and participate in every possible way in the development and growth of their child. This is a special period, because the baby is changing before our eyes and learning to explore the world. In our article, we will consider in detail each stage of a child's development by months, from the first days of life to a year.

1 month of life: child development

According to the calendar of child development by months up to a year, a baby in 1 month of life is usually called a newborn. During this period, the main needs of the baby are sleep and food. The baby's body is vulnerable to external factors, so he needs the care of his parents.

The muscular system of the newborn is rather weak and he cannot hold his head on his own. Although the baby still tries to raise his head and even hold it for a few seconds.

Up to a month, the baby has two main pronounced reflexes: sucking and swallowing. On the 8-14th day of life, the baby has two more reflexes - search and grasping, and sucking during this period becomes even more active. In the third week, hearing and vision are activated, because bright objects begin to interest the baby. The fourth week from the date of birth is marked by a noticeable increase in the weight of the child (up to 700 grams). The growth of the child also becomes larger - from 3-4 cm.

The development of a child in the first month is a continuous change. The baby begins to explore little by little the world. Now, in between sleep, the child more actively examines everything around, recognizes his mother's smell, which gives him a feeling of peace and security. The kid also briefly holds his gaze on objects and faces, sees the difference between colors.

Also, the baby remembers the sounds and recognizes the mother's voice. Already in the first weeks of life, her whisper and lullabies have a calming effect on the baby. Talking with the baby has a positive effect on speech development in the future. At the same time, it is important to avoid lisping even in the first weeks of his life, in order to subsequently prevent problems with the pronunciation of individual sounds.

The smile is not yet conscious and becomes such only closer to the second month.

It is worth noting that the baby is afraid of sharp and sudden sounds and may even start to cry. He is still unable to determine where certain sounds come from, therefore, during the period of wakefulness, he actively turns his head. The facial expressions of the crumbs are not yet so active, but he is already trying to copy those around him.

A feature of the newborn is his ability to respond to stimuli by the end of the first month: he already knows how to rejoice and show discontent.

Child development at 2 months of age

Two months is just that period in the developmental calendar up to a year when the baby becomes more conscious. The kid already adapts a little to the world around him, communicates with others: smiles at them, makes separate sounds.

In the second month, the baby's weight grows by an average of 800 g. As for growth, the average increase is 3 cm.

During this period, the baby sleeps for about 18 hours. The main rule of sleep is a constant change in body position, since the baby's skull is still very fragile and can be deformed. Babies at the age of two months already distinguish between day and night, so nighttime sleep becomes longer.

At the age of two months, the baby knows how to demonstrate his elementary needs, and therefore it becomes more clear to the mother what her child needs at this very moment. With the help of crying, the baby can attract attention to itself, declare its hunger or ask for help.

A baby who is two months old can follow slowly moving objects with his eyes. Also, the baby learns to locate the object that produces a particular sound. The baby is also interested in the voices of others: if you talk to the baby, he will turn his head in your direction.

One of the main achievements of a two-month-old baby can be called keeping the head upright and lying on his stomach. Although it lasts no more than a minute, it is a real achievement for the child.

An interesting feature of this period of child development is the expansion of the chain of emotional reactions: the baby develops both facial expressions and intonations. Mom hears in them not only requests, but also indignation when the baby does not like what is happening.

Among the small victories of the crumbs is an improvement in coordination. The movements of the child with the limbs become purposeful. The baby can get toys, hold them.

A two-month-old baby gradually gets used to the daily routine, therefore a series of actions is very important. Mom should teach the baby to the routine from an early age, which as a result will positively affect his well-being.

Baby development at 3 months

A three-month-old baby is very different from a newborn baby. The child has grown stronger, has grown up, actively communicates with others. A three-month-old baby has many achievements:

• he controls the handles;
• rolls over from back to side
• raises his head and holds himself, leaning on his forearms;
• is vigorous for about 2 hours in a row;
• shows interest in his body: studies the face, examines the legs;
• tastes the world;
• recognizes mom and dad;
• when feeling a hard surface, rests on it with legs.

In the third month, the baby gains weight and slightly in height. The weight of the child increases by at least 800 g. The total body weight of the baby can average about 7 kg. The growth of the child does not increase so rapidly - during the third month, the baby adds no more than 2 cm. The average size of a three-month-old baby is about 60 cm.

A three-month-old baby has more diverse reactions to the world around him: his sense of smell has become aggravated, and his feelings have become more pronounced. Now the crying of a baby can mean not only hunger, indignation, but also a reaction to pain or ordinary fatigue.

During this period, the child also has a number of his little victories: his attention is attracted by bright objects and different situations around, more and more consonant sounds are heard in speech, communication with the baby becomes more meaningful.

Baby development at 4 months

In the fourth month, the baby gradually parted with the reflexes of the newborn: his movements are confident, his gaze is more conscious. The physical indicators of development also change: the weight of the child increases to 750 g. The growth of the child also becomes larger: on average, it grows by 3 cm.

With regard to achievements in the knowledge of the world around, the baby confidently picks up objects in his hands and holds them for some time. In addition, during this period, the crumbs acquire many new skills:

1. He easily changes his position, for example, turns over from his back to his side.
2. Raises arms when lying on stomach.
3. Holds head for a long time.
4. Supports breasts while breastfeeding.

You should not sound the alarm if the baby does not succeed. Your task is to be patient and help the baby achieve the desired result in small steps. Do not forget that all children are individual, some children learn faster, others more slowly.

As for the norms of psycho-emotional development, a child at the age of four months is quite lively:

• actively communicates;
• moves limbs;
• responds to being addressed by name.

The fourth month is marked by the formation of the makings of cause-and-effect relationships. A striking example of this is that when a child sees his mother's breasts, he calms down, as he is waiting for feeding.

The baby during this period is able to feel not only joy and excitement, but also curiosity or even fear. A stranger can scare a baby, but the appearance of loved ones, on the contrary, will delight.

The child actively responds to color scheme: perceives bright monochromatic shades better, but oversaturated ones different colors objects tire him quickly.

At four months, the child not only perfectly understands where this or that sound comes from, he already shows a genuine interest in music. It is useful for a baby to listen to the music of one instrument or the performance of one soloist. Best of all, the baby perceives low and rhythmic tones.

It is worth noting that now the baby sleeps for about 15 hours. During the day, he can devote about 5 hours to rest.

Baby development at 5 months

A five-month-old child is very mobile: everything is interesting to him, because the surrounding objects, regardless of their color or shape, cause him genuine delight. Moreover, the baby wants to taste everything.

The weight of the child during the fifth month increases by about 700 g, and the growth of the child from birth to the fifth month becomes 15 cm larger. It is worth noting that every month the baby grows more slowly, but each baby has a rather individual development program.

A five-month-old baby is no longer just holding his head or moving his limbs, he is doing exercises. "Airplane" is his favorite exercise of all: lying on his tummy, the baby raises and stretches his head, spreads his arms to the sides and raises his legs a little up. For a kid, this is not just an ordinary, but an interesting activity.

One of the favorite exercises of the crumbs is also the “bridge”: the child rests his head and feet on a solid base and raises the torso and pelvis, forming an arc.

The peanut shows particular interest in rattles: their sounds attract the attention of the child, he begins to examine, study objects.

As for wakefulness, this period increases significantly: the baby wakes up early enough, wants to be played with. If your biorhythms do not quite match the preferences of the crumbs, you can put a few soft toys to him in the crib, which will give you the opportunity to sleep longer.

Communication in the life of a five-month-old baby occupies one of the most important places: he calls and squeaks, does everything possible to attract attention. You should talk more often with the child, tell him about the world around him, sing songs, call individual items.

At five months, the baby no longer squints with his eyes, but clearly fixes his gaze. If the baby continues to mow, you should contact a pediatric ophthalmologist and consult a pediatrician. Perhaps he will be assigned special gymnastics for the peephole.

Five-month-old babies perfectly distinguish between their own and others, as visual memory they are already well developed. At the same time, with a long absence of someone close, the baby may forget his face and, after a long break, will not be recognized at first sight. It is interesting to watch how the baby studies himself in the mirror: he does not quite understand who appeared in front of him, but over time he will begin to recognize himself in the reflection.

Summarize the results of the child's development every month. If your child did not have time to learn something, pay more attention to the exercises that you will find in each individual article about the development of a child by months to a year.

Baby development at 6 months

Six months is already a round date, the first small anniversary of the crumbs. During this period, the baby behaves quite actively:

1. Easily rolls onto side and stomach.
2. Acts as the initiator of communication.
3. Tries to clumsily crawl, pulling himself up on his hands.
4. Picks up those items that he liked, being in almost any position.

Thus, the baby learns the world, studies it by touch and taste. The curiosity of the crumbs is limitless, therefore it is important to ensure that the baby does not fall under the arm of dangerous objects for him, for example, sharp, small ones. For the same reason, buy your baby only safe toys that do not release toxins. Be sure to read the manufacturer's information on the packaging to know for what age this or that toy is recommended.

An important achievement of the baby in the sixth month is speech development: he shouts out in syllables. This is commonly called babbling, but it is he who contributes to the subsequent language development.

A six-month-old baby knows how to sit, but you should not leave the baby in this position for a long time, this negatively affects the health of the spine. If you have a girl, long sitting in early age may lead to gynecological problems in the future. In addition, the baby should sit, leaning on the back, that is, slightly tilted. Too even landing quickly tires the child.

The sleep of the baby is about 16 hours a day. Daytime rest is divided into 2-3 receptions of several hours. Morning and evening rest are shorter, but sleep at lunchtime can last about 2.5 hours.

In addition to mental and emotional metamorphoses, there are also physical changes in the development of the child. At six months, the weight of the child is about 7.5 kg (it all depends on whether you have a boy or a girl). The growth of the child also changes - it reaches the mark of 64-67 cm. In the addition of centimeters, everything is also individual.

The baby is very mobile, so parents should carefully monitor his position and direction in order to avoid injuries and dangerous situations.

Baby development at 7 months

He conquers space and cognizes the world. Your baby is already seven months old and this figure significantly distinguishes him from the defenseless baby that you brought home from the maternity hospital. Now your child is not just taller and heavier, he is much more mobile, more sociable, more conscious. At the seventh month, the baby's height is about 68 cm, and the baby's weight can reach 8.5 kg. If your baby weighs less than 7 kg, you should seek the advice of a pediatrician.

By seven months, the first teeth appear in the crumbs, mainly the central lower incisors. It also happens that the teeth do not appear until the child is one year old. There is nothing to worry about, since the body of each child is different. The process of teething is likely to be noticed by all family members, since it is quite painful, may be accompanied by fever, stool disorder and profuse salivation.

Among the achievements of a seven-month-old baby is fast crawling. The kid moves on all fours, does it confidently and with pleasure.

At seven months, the baby sits without support and makes attempts to sit down without assistance. The child can lie for a long time, and then roll over to the other side of the bed, so parents should be especially careful, careful and not leave their child unattended.

A feature of the development of the child in the seventh month is his sense of himself. The baby notices these changes, he likes the results of his activities. During this period, some babies may begin to eat with a spoon and drink from a cup.

The baby has small, but still significant speech successes: his babble is clear, loud and long. Constant repetitions of certain syllables help the baby consolidate their skills.

The mode of sleep and wakefulness can change, and sleep becomes disturbing: the child spins in a dream, rolls over, opens up. This is all due to the high level of mobility of the baby. Frequent change sleep posture provides for the rest of the crumbs in pajamas, which will not let him freeze.

The behavior of the child in the seventh month is conscious and understandable for parents, therefore it is easier for them to determine the mood of the baby and the causes of some phenomena. Communication from the crumbs becomes especially interesting: he watches the facial expressions of people, listens to their intonations and tries to copy it all.

Parents can start introducing a ban system. There should be few of them so that the baby gradually remembers what not to do. You must adhere to the prohibitions, not give in and be able to switch the attention of the crumbs in time to avoid his negative reactions.

Baby development at 8 months

The active development of the baby continues: a solid foundation is laid for speech development, sensory apparatus, as well as fine motor skills. Some children delight their loved ones with a smile with four teeth, and some are already making the first progress in pronouncing short words. It is very important during this period to entertain the baby with songs, funny rhymes, and read short tales to him. The child not only learns new information, but also over time happily reacts to familiar lines.

The eighth month is characterized by no less rapid physical development. The weight of the child during this period is about 9 kg, that is, the baby adds about 600 g. The height of the child also increases by about 3 cm.

The kid knows a lot:

• roll over quickly and easily;
• sit steadily;
• stand with the help of adults;
• overcome obstacles;
• "to conduct experiments";
• play with both hands at the same time.

At the age of eight months, it is allowed to introduce meat into the diet of crumbs. Doctors recommend starting with beef. Feeding should be gradual.

Sleep patterns are changing. The child now has two appointments: morning sleep and rest in the afternoon. Night sleep can last more than 10 hours.

Several useful tips for parents of an eight-month-old baby:

1. A baby at eight months crawls very actively, which means that in the house he will explore every corner. Mom should keep the floor clean, do the cleaning daily and check the absence of small objects on the floor that the child can get hurt, put in an ear or nose, and even swallow.
2. The safety of your child comes to the fore, so you should take care to protect the doors from slamming, as well as seal the drawers and cabinets where there are sharp objects, for example, scissors, needles.
3. Hot dishes should be away from the edge of the stove, and it is better to close the sockets with special plugs.

Special mention should be made of mental development child. The curiosity of the baby increases, but this is not the limit: the baby is ready to get to the object of interest by all means and rejoices if he manages to get what he wants. Most of all, the baby likes “adult” items: remote control, telephone, dishes. He is genuinely interested in pets, tap water, birds outside the window. The baby studies the body parts of those around him: he can pull his nose, pull his hair. And gestures appear in his communication.

Child development at 9 months of age

A nine-month-old baby is striving for independence with all his might. He crawls without rest, looking for new objects of interest to him, examines them, studies, tests. Therefore, concern for the safety of the baby remains still relevant.

At nine months, the baby does not just sit, he sits down from a prone position. The baby is also training to stand, holding on to surrounding objects, but he cannot yet stand without support. Since the baby's skills are becoming more perfect every day, the risks of dangerous situations are also increasing, which means that the baby cannot be left unattended.

At the ninth month, the baby's weight increases by 500 g, which is no longer as fast as before, when he was still quite a baby. The growth of the child also becomes larger by about 1.5 cm.

The kid develops intellectually:

• his memory is getting better, because he can remember the game he likes, as well as some actions;
• the baby loves attention and communication, so he will be happy to play “hide and seek” with you;
• there is progress in the speech development of the child: he combines syllables into words. So far, these are very simple words, for example, “mother”, “woman”;
• the baby is trying to copy the pronunciation of his relatives, their intonation and volume;
• the child recognizes parts of the body and can show where the mother's eye or nose is.

The kid loves to choose toys and he is attracted by everything bright and cheerful. During this period, it is better not to impose anything on the child; he develops such a character trait as stubbornness.

As for sleep and rest, at nine months old, the baby sleeps 10-12 hours at night. Now his sleep is stronger, he wakes up less often and the breaks between falling asleep are shorter. How better mood crumbs after waking up in the morning, the better it will fall asleep. The main rule of sleep for a baby who is not yet a year old is the absence of a pillow. Daytime sleep is repeated no more than two times.

Baby development at 10 months

Your baby is ten months old. During this relatively short period, the baby gained some skills, became more independent, sociable and active. For ten months, parents have learned not only to recognize the mood of the crumbs, but also his needs. Mom managed to make a daily routine for her child, which is undoubtedly very important. The sequence of actions and the presence of a constant schedule have a positive effect on the emotional and physical well-being of the baby. He becomes more calm and does not act up.

A ten-month-old baby still sleeps about 10 hours a night, and his daytime sleep is also two hours. If the baby is naughty, before going to bed, bathing in a bath with special products will calm him down.

In the daytime, walks on the street remain mandatory for the baby, which allow him to better and more actively learn about the world around him, as well as communicate with peers.

AT physical plane development of the child at 10 months there are minor changes. The weight of the child increases less rapidly: he gains about 450 g over the entire period. The growth of the child also becomes not much larger - only 1.5 cm.

What can a baby in his ten months?

1. He imitates his parents when he tries to speak simple words.
2. Understands what “no” or “no” means, as well as other commonly used language.
3. Can independently drink from a cup and use a spoon.
4. He likes to walk, holding on to a support.
5. Quietly sits on the potty.
6. Likes to choose clothes, toys and other items.

Naturally, all these skills are individual, because some children can and do more in their ten months, and some are a little behind.

Ten-month-old babies have their favorite activities, for example, drawing with pencils, building pyramids, “revisions” in closets, etc. The more you do with the baby, the more favorite activities he will have.

Baby development at 11 months

The baby will soon be one year old. For the entire period from birth to 11 months, the baby has never been more calm and confident than now. He hones his acquired skills, gets special pleasure from games and activities, is ready to perceive new information with great desire.

As for physical development, at eleven months the weight of the child increases by only 400 g, as the process of weight gain has stopped a little. There are also slight changes in the growth of the child: he became 1.5 cm taller.

At eleven months old, a child can:

• speak, but not too clearly, as well as imitate the "speech" of pets;
• crawl, walk, holding onto a support or even without it;
• use things for their intended purpose;
• perform simple actions for reward or praise;
• greet someone and say goodbye to him.

At eleven months, the child is already making attempts to sit up from a standing position. These attempts are not always successful, but he boldly experiments.

The development of motor skills allows the baby to capture fairly small objects in their hands. He does this already with the help of his thumb and forefinger. Among the personal achievements of the crumbs is independent turning of pages in favorite books.

The speech development of the child greatly simplifies his communication with parents and others. The baby says “yum-yum” when he sees something edible or is hungry, he says “meow”, when a cat meets on his way, he calls people close and familiar to him, shouting “mom”, “dad”.

The schedule of sleep and wakefulness practically does not change: only sleep is reduced by one hour. Daytime rest is still part of the baby’s routine, as it helps his nervous system to recover in just a few hours. The baby, as before, is hard to fall asleep, because active games before going to bed and watching cartoons are not the best. the best option to lay the baby down.

At 11 months, the baby is able to highlight objects, to see the difference between them. The crumbs have a gesture with the index finger, which helps him better explain to his loved ones which subject aroused his interest this time. Parents can take advantage of this situation for the subsequent development of speech. To do this, you need to name the object that the baby is pointing to out loud until the child makes an attempt to pronounce this word for you.

Baby development at 12 months

Your baby is already a year old and this is a great time to take stock. Of course, the child is just as defenseless and requires attention and care, but every day he more and more manifests himself as an independent person.

In the physical development of the crumbs, there are small metamorphoses: the weight of the child becomes more by 350 g, and the height of the child increases by 1.5 cm.

Changes also occur in the daily routine: the baby sleeps only once during the day, and the wakefulness period increases to five hours.

Basic skills of a baby who is one year old:

1. Says about 10 words.
2. Walks on his own.
3. Violently expresses emotions.
4. Can bite and chew solid food.
5. Actively uses dishes while eating, for example, a spoon or a cup.
6. Demonstrates affection for family members.
7. Can refuse unusual food or from those dishes that he uses quite often.
8. Understands what adults say.
9. Distinguishes animals.
10. Demonstrates his sense of humor.

It is worth noting that now the baby is not just trying to walk, he performs other actions at the same time: something pulls, carries or pushes. For an adult, this is a common thing, but for a baby, this is a real victory. At the same time, if something does not work out for the child, he asks for the help of others.

Bathing a one-year-old child turns into funny game, during which he is active: splashes, uses various objects in the water: rubber ducks, fish, balls.

The child continues to experiment. This time, his own voice enters the field of his research: the baby mutters, shouts, sings. He especially likes to do it right after waking up. Thus, the child attracts the attention of parents.

Your baby's palette of emotions also becomes more diverse. A one-year-old child has already learned to be offended, to show compassion, he can cry himself to arouse pity.

A baby at the age of one year perfectly understands the meaning of the words "sleep", "swim", "walk" and is aware of what actions will follow this. The result of such childish consciousness can be hysteria or, conversely, joy. If the baby expresses indignation, try not to react to this, but calmly talk to the child. Follow the requests of the baby should be only after he has completely calmed down. This will subsequently save you from manipulation by the crumbs.

Deviations in development

From our article about the calendar of child development by months to a year, you learned that each skill corresponds to a certain age of the baby. The development of the child by months provides a certain schedule of his achievements in physical, emotional and mental terms. But what to do if the baby is lagging behind and how to recognize such lags in a timely manner?

Parents of a baby who is one year old should be alerted by the following phenomena:

• the baby does not know how to crawl on all fours;
• cannot take a step while holding a hand;
• cannot hold multiple objects in his pen;
• does not even speak in syllables;
• does not respond to music;
• does not use a spoon while eating;
• does not want to fulfill the requests of parents and does not respond to them;
• does not grimace in front of the mirror and does not pay attention to the reflection.

It is these manifestations that should force parents to immediately seek advice from a pediatrician and subsequently follow all his instructions in order to improve the situation. The baby can be prescribed procedures, massages, as well as special developmental classes. The seriousness of the approach on the part of the parents and relatives of the child plays an important role: there are few classes and procedures that the baby will take place in a special center or institution, homework is also needed to consolidate the result.

We examined how a child develops up to a year from the moment of birth. This is one of the most rapid stages in the life of the baby and his parents. Further, it will be no less interesting: the baby will continue to consolidate the acquired skills and learn new ones.

Child development by months to a year - Video:

How does a little man develop in the first year of life? Every parent thinks about the physical, neuro-psychological and mental development of their child. Therefore, for you, dear mothers and fathers, we publish tables compiled World Organization health care, with approximate parameters for the development of children.

The development of each newborn occurs individually. Therefore, the parameters presented in the table below have average indicators for the development of a baby up to one year old. It is acceptable if there are slight deviations from these norms. It is worth remembering that boys and girls develop differently. In the event that children do not reach the norms at their age for a long time, it is necessary to contact a specialist.

Psychological development and physical characteristics from birth to three months

With developed vision and hearing, a child is born. The baby has active reflexes. He blinks, sucks, swallows, grabs immediately after birth. But newborns are not yet able to roll over. How to hold your head when lying on your tummy.

1 month

lies on the stomach. At this age, the baby develops reactions in response to extraneous loud sounds. The child expresses this state by pressing his hands to the body, spreads them. Lying on its back, the baby imitates walking with legs.

2 months

When parents hold a newborn in a column, he can hold his head more

minutes, sometimes almost two. And lying on his stomach, the child is able to raise his head and even his chest. The baby actively turns its head in different directions, carefully examines the environment. At this age, the child develops vestibular apparatus. Objects that move, the baby can grab the handles.

3 months

At this age, the baby can hold his head for one to three minutes. A 3-month-old baby is able to rise when lying on his tummy, lean on his elbows. The baby does not have confident coordination when it spins or rolls over. There is even more interest in toys. The kid is drawn to them. He stuffs his fingers into his mouth. The diaper on which lies, the child pulls, enough. And when the parents appear, the baby becomes joyful. He laughs, smiles, hums. He responds to sharp sounds by turning his head.

Physical Features

neuropsychic development

Psychological development and physical characteristics from four months to six

4 months

When the baby lies on his back, he raises his head. And if you put him on his feet, then he will already firmly rest against them. At this age, the child begins to sit. He is able to roll over from his back to his tummy. Lying in this position, the body lifts and rests with the palms. Grabs items. He monitors them.

5 months

The child sit down. But his back is still not quite straight. When the baby holds on to the hands of an adult, he will stand steadily on his feet. At this age, the baby is trying to roll over from his stomach to his back. A baby can hold a rattle or other object in his hand for a long time. The child already recognizes mom and dad. He may be afraid of strangers. According to Dr. Komarovsky, at the age of 5 months, the baby begins to understand the intonations of the mother. Also, her emotions.

6 months

The baby can sit down at six months. His back is straight. Can turn. When mom and dad help a little, then at six months the baby gets up and steps over a little. At this age, he gets on all fours, can start to crawl. Rattles scattered can lift. The child is already actively waving them. At six months, a child can begin to express his requests. Cooing is replaced by sounds: “MA”, “PA”, “BA”.

Physical Features

neuropsychic development

Psychological development and physical features from seven to nine months

Seven months

The child sits confidently for a long time. In this position, the baby can bend over. The baby crawls well. He can kneel if there is support, such as a sofa or chair. And holding on to mom or dad, the child can walk and stand. He likes his own reflection in the mirror. If adults name objects, then the baby finds them with a glance.

8 months

Children at this age stand on their own feet without outside help. They sit without support. Clap their hands while playing the game "Okay". With the help of older kids, they walk happily. In children, facial expressions become diverse. Surprise and fear are visible. You can tell if you're interested in a face. Reach out to the items they need persistently. They can play for a long time. Interested in toys, children throw them or knock them.

9 months

A child, when he gets to his feet, may not accept the support of an adult. Moreover, the baby gets up from different positions. He walks holding on to pieces of furniture. He is interested in climbing on a bench, pillow and other tall objects in the house. The baby develops motor skills.

He is already trying to put together toys from different parts. Moves cars and is interested in the designer. If the mother asked to serve the ball or wave, then the baby can fulfill these requests. The child plays mostly sitting. He memorizes words easily.

Likes to look for things. Call the baby by name, and he will respond. Distinguishes the shape, size and color of objects.

Physical Features

neuropsychic development

Psychological development and physical features from ten months to a year

10 months

At this age, the baby independently gets to his feet and can walk. He walks, holding the hand of an adult. The baby takes small toys with his fingers. If the items he likes are taken away from him, then he is offended, capricious. The child imitates the movements of an adult. The kid can hide and find, throw and pick up, open and close. The baby can already pronounce monosyllabic words.

11 months

The baby is developing very actively. He has key skills well developed. The baby points to toys, furniture, body parts and animals.

Can follow simple instructions, "Yes" - "No" expresses, shaking his head. This age is good for developing fine motor skills. For example, a child may tear a piece of paper with two fingers. Adults need to pay attention to the development of children's curiosity.

The child should be praised. Talk to your baby as much as possible.

One year

At this age, the baby begins a difficult stage of development. Girls often develop faster than boys. At one year old, the child can walk independently. If the baby is called by name, then he will approach an adult. Without help, the child can sit down and straighten up. Without sitting down, he picks up toys from the floor. The child fulfills complex requests. He can bring some object from another room or open the door. The child is interested in taking off his clothes. He likes to swim. Approximately 10 words the baby should already speak. At 12 months, the baby likes to watch cars, people.

Physical Features

neuropsychic development

Dr. Komarovsky on child development

In his book "The Beginning of Life: Your Child from Birth to 1 Year", as well as in his video lessons, the famous Dr. Komarovsky talks interestingly and in detail about children and their development. Komarovsky talks a lot about pediatrics. From his lectures and publications, you can also learn a lot about the main stages of the development and growth of the child, about caring for him, about feeding the baby. Moreover, the doctor describes not only nutrition according to WHO, but also his own method of complementary feeding.

(2 ratings, average: 5,00 out of 5)

Many parents are interested in the development of a newborn by weeks. The most profound changes occur in the first month after childbirth. There are problems that worry parents, but they can be dealt with. Changes in 1 year of life occur every day. Let's figure out how a baby develops up to a year. We will demonstrate an approximate calendar of the appearance of various skills in him.

Changes at 1 week of life

The little man begins to cognize the world with the help of aggravated sense organs. Even earlier, in the womb, he heard vague sounds from outside. Now the baby can hear, see the world around him, touch and smell it, get to know his parents (we recommend reading:).

In a newborn, vision is poorly developed, he sees only large objects. Vision is not yet focused and everything looks blurry - in this way the body is protected from the abundance of impressions that appear immediately after birth. But hearing and sense of smell are well developed. They appeared in the fetus while still in the mother's stomach.

The most significant change occurs in the newborn in the way of feeding. If before he received nutrients from the mother's body at any time, now you have to wait until he is fed. At first, the child is almost all the time in the mother's arms and constantly requires breasts.

He has not yet learned to suck well, and his mother's milk is not enough. Its production in sufficient quantities will gradually improve. The most important thing during breastfeeding is that the baby feels his physical connection with his mother. It calms him down, not just nourishes him.

The most exciting moment for new parents is the first bath of a baby. If you did everything right, the water in the bath has the right temperature, the baby lies in it the way it is convenient for him, everything will be fine. The kid will love to swim and will not be capricious.

Causes for concern

Dear reader!

This article talks about typical ways to solve your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know how to solve your particular problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

Many babies often spit up after feeding at first. Normally, this can happen, since the digestive tract is still poorly formed, the nervous system is undeveloped, and the feeding process is not quite correct. Regurgitation is inherent in the first weeks of life. If a baby swallows air while feeding, he may spit up. Nothing wrong with that. Try to change your position so that less air enters your baby's mouth.

The second reason for parents to worry is a slight loss in the weight of the newborn (we recommend reading:). There is nothing to worry about. When the mother begins to produce milk abundantly and the feeding process improves, the child will begin to gain weight again.

Often, on the 2-3rd day of life, the baby turns a little yellow - this is a physiologically justified phenomenon. A large amount of bilirubin is formed in the blood, which contributes to yellowing of the skin. On the 7-14th day, the skin color should return to normal.

Sometimes in a baby in the first days. When he is born, the body is covered with natural lubrication to facilitate passage through the birth canal. Then, in the air, the lubricant dries and begins to peel off. This is a natural process, nothing to worry about.

The child will very soon make up for the slight weight loss that occurs in the first days of life.

Second week of life

The hardest week is over. The baby begins to get used to a new way of existence. The mother's milk supply increases and the feeding process becomes more stable. Gets used to the digestion of the stomach and intestines. The child consistently defecates 3-4 times a day. The umbilical cord is healing.

The baby is starting to gain weight. He examines the objects around him with increasing curiosity. From a distance of 25-30 centimeters, he can even see some details. The little man has a facial expression - he can twist his face if something was not to his taste, after eating he will please his parents with a sweet smile. Baby photos of this period will touch mom and dad for a long time. The only thing that overshadows the life of a healthy baby is intestinal colic. He expresses his dissatisfaction by crying and shaking his legs in pain. Doctors have not come to a consensus on why colic begins and how to deal with them. You can be comforted that this is a temporary phenomenon that will gradually pass.

third week of life

By this time, the first achievements of the baby are dated. He tries to raise his head - although this will only work for a short time, it will fill his parents with pride. The baby is curious about the toys that you hang in front of him across the crib. He tries to reach them with his hand.

The newborn responds to the voice. When an adult addresses him in a friendly tone, he begins to coo and smile in response. New impressions pile up on the baby. There are so many of them that the nervous system is strained to the limit. Before going to bed, the baby may cry to relieve stress. Some cry every time for 20 minutes. The intonation of crying changes, it becomes demanding.

By the third week, the baby is already smiling, responding to mom and dad

Fourth week of life

Time flies very quickly. Passes the first month of life. This is the stage of transition from the status of a newborn to the status of an infant. The baby strengthens the vestibular apparatus. He is aware of his position in space. This will soon help him learn to roll over and grab toys.

The legs and arms are still half-bent, since the flexor muscles are still stronger than the extensor ones. Muscle hypertonicity in a baby of the first month of life is a normal phenomenon. It's too early to worry. When the child turns one month old, you need to visit a pediatrician who will determine the degree of his development and compliance with age standards. At the end of 4 weeks:

• the child is able to focus on the subject under consideration;
• he turns his head towards a nearby sound;
• raises and briefly holds his head, lying on his stomach;
• recognizes parents and reacts to their appearance.

Week 5 to 8

If we consider the development by weeks, we can say about this period that a certain regimen is established in the child. He still sleeps a lot, but now parents know when he will fall asleep approximately and how much their child will oversleep. The baby begins to grab toys and other objects with handles. What else can the baby do during this period:

• it focuses on both stationary and moving objects;
• rolls over from side to back
• raises his head, lying on his stomach;
• rises on the handles and arches his back, turns his head to the sound;
• if you put it on a hard surface, holding it, it pushes off with its feet from the support;
• responds kindly to the appearance of parents - hoots, smiles, waves its arms and legs, sings.

From 5 to 8 weeks, the baby learns to roll over, recognizes the voice of his parents

9 to 12 weeks

By the age of 3 months, the average child is able to roll over from his back to his stomach, rises on his hands, and holds this position for several minutes. If your baby doesn't know how to do this yet, don't despair. He will learn everything in a month or two (we recommend reading:).

The child is gaining weight, he has subcutaneous fat. Folds-dressings appear on the arms and legs. The body takes on a rounded shape. The baby puts everything in his mouth to taste it. At 3 months, it is supposed to undergo another examination by a pediatrician (we recommend reading:). Skills include:

• flips from back to stomach;
• lifting the body on the hands from a prone position, holding the body in this position for a short time;
• activation of the reaction to the appearance of an adult - the baby tries to respond with a coo to his mother's and father's phrases.

Weeks 13 to 16

Fortunately for parents, intestinal colic at this age is left behind. The respite, however, will be short-lived - some babies are already teething, although it is difficult to say by weeks at which this process begins. The stages of growth are approximate.

The child begins to selectively relate to others, as a rule, singling out the mother from all. His speech changes slightly. He introduces consonant sounds: "p, b, m". Can accidentally say: "mom" or "dad", but it will be unconscious. At this age, the child:

• holds small objects, toys with handles;
• gurgles and babbles, says: “ba, pa, ma”;
• reacts when someone says his name;
• sits confidently in the arms of an adult, holding his head in an upright position;
• grabs and tastes various objects;
• trying to squat.

During this period, the child is already confidently holding his head, being in the arms of his mother.

Weeks 17 to 20

The child begins to move actively. He no longer has enough beds, he is drawn to examine the entire apartment. After a thorough wet cleaning, it can be released onto the floor. Every movement must be monitored, because the apartment has many dangers for a fool. In the average child, the first teeth begin to erupt - this process is accompanied by anxiety and abundant salivation. The child's gums itch and he tries to gnaw on various objects to scratch them. At this age, the child:

• can roll over from back to stomach and vice versa;
• raises the upper body in the arms;
• little by little begins to crawl;
• can occupy himself by playing with his toys for 5-10 minutes;
• his babble, consisting of individual syllables, begins to resemble meaningful speech.

21 to 24 weeks

Some babies can crawl. They sit in the crib, but they can sit for a very short time - the spine is not yet sufficiently developed. Teeth continue to be cut and cause concern to everyone. If the baby is naughty - most likely it is because of the teeth. At six months, you should see your pediatrician again. Skills of a six-month-old child:

• the child sits for a while in a stroller or on a high chair (you can prop up his back with pillows to help keep the pose);
• he successfully crawls;
• he laughs, mumbles and babbles, sings;
• the baby loves to jump when an adult supports him by the armpits.

25 to 28 weeks

The intelligence of the baby is noticeably manifested. Its development is manifested in the fact that the little man understands the words, points his finger at the objects that the mother calls. It is more difficult to outwit him - if you hide a toy behind his back, he knows where to look for it. The psyche also progresses. The baby begins to feel anxious when the mother leaves the room.

The most noticeable changes occur in the motor sphere. The baby gets up on its own, holding on to the headboard or other support. He moves around holding his mother's hands or leaning on furniture, crawls well (although some children do not start crawling, but immediately get up and move around with the help of a support).

29 to 32 weeks

The child has character. He learns to get what he wants from adults, understands what they want from him, knows the word “no”. This knowledge does not give him pleasure. He divides people into friends and foes, does not trust strangers.

Many children by this age have 4 to 6 teeth in their mouths. If there are no teeth, do not be upset - the process of teething is individual and each baby has its own schedule.

The child is able to:

• sit down without the help of adults;
• plays with toys, shifting them from right hand to the left and vice versa, throws cubes and rattles from the crib onto the floor;
• takes her first steps holding her mother's hand.

The ability to sit independently appears in a child from 29 to 32 weeks

From 33 weeks to 36

The child grows up, it catches the eye. He tries to do everything on his own, although this does not always work out. He sits and stands up on his own, walks holding hands or furniture. Speech becomes more meaningful. The little man can say “mom” or “give” for the first time. If your child has not begun to speak the first words, do not worry - this will happen later (we recommend reading:).

To convey his desire to an adult, the baby pronounces syllables and short words helps himself with gestures and facial expressions. At the age of 9 months, you should again be examined by a pediatrician. At this age, the child:

• trying to comprehend the wisdom of self-feeding with a spoon;
• knows how to drink from a mug or drinking bowl;
• picks up an object that mom or dad calls;
• sits down without the help of an adult, sits for a long time;
• crawls and walks, holding on to a support;
• his babble gradually turns into meaningful words.

From 37 weeks to 40

Skills that have manifested by 9 months are fixed and developed. Their list is growing rapidly. The baby can:

• play with toys according to their purpose - throws a ball, stacks cubes, rattles a rattle;
• comprehend the game with musical toys, strikes the harpsichord with a stick, beats the drum with a pen;
• eat with a spoon, drink water from a mug or drinking bowl;
• sit and stand without support; crawl quickly, walk, holding mother's hand;
• somewhat slurred to pronounce individual words.

Many babies by 40 weeks are already taking their first hesitant steps with the support of mom and dad.

From 41 weeks to 48

At this age, your child consolidates the skills acquired at 9-10 months. The development of skills is facilitated by strengthening the muscles and activating the intellect. Speech, coordination of movements with arms and legs, the ability to sit, stand and walk with support are being formed. Some children try to take their first steps on their own. The table of baby skills by 1 year of age may include the following items:

• he walks without support;
• eats with a spoon and drinks from a mug without the help of her mother;
• speaks his own language, yet incomprehensible to adults;
• he is sociable - he likes to communicate with his parents and does not like when they leave;
• for a few minutes he can play alone with his toys;
• understands and remembers the names of objects, can show them or pick them up;
• tries to repeat the names of objects after her mother;
• he is curious - he sorts through things in the closet with pleasure;
• he likes animals, he can watch them for a while, smile and express his admiration.

The WHO tables provide child development standards for a wide variety of parameters. You can use the WHO tables to understand, to understand if your child is developing normally or there are some deviations from the norm.

You can easily find out if your child has the right parameters, whether he is gaining weight and growing normally. If some of the parameters are small or deviate from the norm recommended by WHO, then this is a serious reason to take the baby up to a year to the pediatrician or the attending family doctor.

Parents should not be negligent about the parameters of the child's development, since, for example, a child who is gaining excess weight must undergo a series of tests, including diabetes. If your baby is behind the norm, then you should not panic, but on the contrary, believe one more parameter - this is the body mass index.

It is on this number that you should rely on in order to understand what kind of child has a mass. The formula for calculating the body mass index: I \u003d m / h2 (body weight divided by height squared), where m is body weight in kilograms, h is height in meters. The body mass index is measured in kg/m².

Development of a child up to a year by months

In 2006, new standards for the development of boys up to 1 year old appeared. WHO has conducted studies and issued average developmental parameters for boys who do not have any diseases and who are breastfed. As you know, children on artificial mixtures gain weight faster.

Parents must remember that every child develops according to his own nature. The norms that are indicated in the tables are averages that can be used as a starting point and reference material. But if you have even the slightest suspicion that your child under one year old has a deviation from the norm, you should urgently show it to the doctor.

Norms for girls

The WHO-approved girls' developmental parameters of the year indicate what the average developmental parameters of girls up to one should be. This data is a kind of static and reference material that is the starting point for diagnosing your child's development. But if you have doubts about whether your girl is developing normally, then you definitely need to consult a pediatrician.

Development table from 0 and by months to 1 year

There are some average physical and emotional indicators of the activity of a child under one year old. Based on these parameters, dad and mom can understand if the baby is not lagging behind and ahead of the development of their peers.

Teeth in children up to a year table

There are norms according to which teeth grow in a child up to a year. There is a table in which it is written by months when and which teeth should grow in a baby.

Given all these data, in a child, all the milk jaws are formed only by the age of three. But at 12 months, only 6-10 teeth erupt.

Dimensions (girth) of the head in children table

In a baby under one year old, head coverage parameters are a very important indicator. Parents should monitor how much the child's head has grown every month, since an increase or decrease in growth rates may be a consequence of any health problems with the baby. There is a table that, according to WHO, shows the average head size for boys and girls up to a year old.

Norms for checking eyesight in children

Babies up to a year old must have their eyesight checked, the first check takes place already in the maternity hospital. The next check should be carried out at 3 months, then at 6 and a year. There is a table that can be used to see if your child's vision development is normal.

According to the normal development of babies up to a year old, there is a table, looking into which, parents can make sure that their baby is normal and already knows how to do everything that needs to be done.

What should a child be able to do?

Baby height and weight chart

Below is a table that shows the average baby development parameters established by WHO. If your baby is on breastfeeding, then you can track its development precisely by these WHO parameters.

Nine endless months have flown by. Behind expectations and anxiety, morning toxicosis and daytime sleepiness, recommendations for pregnancy by doctors and advice from friends, the first jolts of a small life inside mom and prenatal contractions. Everything that happens in the life of every woman before the start of a real miracle - the birth of a new person.

Monthly baby development calendar

The little man is born absolutely helpless. He has the simplest reflexes: sucking, swallowing, grasping and others. And only careful care and constant care of the people around him will help him grow and learn a lot. necessary things. For 365 days, from a small baby, he turns into a mobile inquisitive little man.

Each baby is unique and no two are alike. But there are general patterns and stages that children necessarily go through in their development. And mothers can be advised to rely on them. But you don’t need to carefully calibrate every step for months, you should focus specifically on your beloved child.

Baby in the first month of life

One of the important aspects of the development of the baby is attachment to the mother's breast a few hours after birth. Even in the maternity hospital, according to children's doctors, an "inextricable emotional contact" is formed between the mother and the baby. It manifests itself in the understanding of his condition and needs, even at a distance.

The baby was brought home, and a difficult period of adaptation and addiction begins. A newborn sleeps almost around the clock, up to 20 hours. During sleep, development and growth of up to 2-3 cm per month occurs, and the body adapts to new conditions. Those few moments when the baby is not sleeping, he is actively waving his legs and arms.

During the month, the main activities are eating and sleeping. Another 600-700 grams is added to the initial weight at birth. It is very important literally from these days to form a baby's diet. Experts advise 6-7 feedings per day after 3-3.5 hours, at night it is advisable to increase the time between meals up to 5-6 hours. Some mothers take a different view and put the baby to the breast at the first sign of anxiety. It turns out up to 12 feedings per day, the number of which decreases with the growth of the child.

Frequent companions of babies in the first month of life are colic and bloating. So the newborn organism adapts to new nutritional conditions. Massage of the tummy or taking a certain amount of dill broth will help get rid of them.

Having been born, the baby already has some reflexes that help in adapting to new conditions. For example: sucking, grasping, swimming and others. Pediatric doctors closely monitor the presence of those that give impetus to the development nervous system. Some of the reflexes disappear as the child grows up.

What can a child at the end of the first month:

• fix a short look at objects;
• lying on his stomach, make attempts to raise his head;
• listen to loud sounds, startle;
• recognize the mother's voice, her touch, and respond in response;
• try to communicate with mom with the first sounds.

For the first month, the baby communicates with the world through crying. This is his reaction to what he does not like or does not like: he is hungry, he has wet diaper, something worries. The people around the baby need to pay a lot of attention to him, be patient and caring.

Baby in the second month of life

In the second month, the active physical and psychological development of the baby begins. His reactions become more meaningful, attention to the world around him begins to form. In response to communication, he waves his arms and legs more actively, tries to make the first sounds. Vision becomes more focused. Toys can be hung above the crib, which will help the child look from one object to another. For a month, the baby gains an average of 800 grams and grows by 3-4 cm.

Now, after feeding, the baby may not sleep for up to an hour and a half. This time you can communicate with him, sing songs, gurgle. Daytime sleep consists of several periods: two long (one to three hours) and three short (up to 30 minutes). For some, a night's sleep can last until the morning, they wake up only for feeding.

What can a child at the end of the second month:

• lying on your stomach, raise and hold your head for a few seconds;
• follow objects with your eyes, turn your head to the sound;
• try to hold the toy in the fist for a few seconds;
• look at your hands, suck your fingers;
• make sounds in response to communication;
• lying on your side, turn over on your back;
• actively respond to the appearance of the mother.

Babies of the second month begin to enjoy bathing and cry when their parents try to take them out of the bath.

Child in the third month of life

This month is characterized by the fact that the baby is getting better control of his body. He improves coordination of movements, and he can move his arms or legs separately, turn his whole body in the direction of interest. Opens the fist and tries to hold the toy. Unconsciously, he takes the pacifier out of his mouth and puts it back in. The sucking reflex gets a new development, everything is dragged into the mouth: fingers, toys, diapers.

Weight gain during this period is 800 grams, and the body increases in height by another 3 cm. Vision and hearing continue to improve, the child is able to follow a bright object for a long time and recognize his parents by voice. Quiet and calm melodies soothe, distract his attention. Speech begins to form, so you need to communicate with the baby as much as possible, sing songs, turn on audio fairy tales.

Sleep time decreases and the “day-night” mode begins to form. Now more often there are nights when mom does not have to get up to crying baby. To strengthen the muscles of the back and neck during the day, you should turn it over on the tummy.

What can a child at the end of the third month:

• hold the head in a vertical position, turning it to the sides;
• smile when recognizing loved ones;
• manage with your own hands;
• roll over on its side, lying on its back;
• lying on your stomach, rise on your elbows and hold your head for a long time.

Child in the fourth month of life

The child changes not only psychologically, but also externally. Many begin to notice the reasonable look of the baby during this period. Weight will be added to a lesser extent compared to previous months, and the increase in height by 2-3 cm will remain until the end of the year. During the day he can sleep four times, and the night sleep is eleven hours.

Already with pleasure lies on his tummy, considering his surroundings. May give preference to individual toys, grab them with both hands, knock, throw.

A feature of the development of the baby during this period is the desire to communicate with others, and simple syllables appear in speech. Consciousness begins to develop, and simple needs for food and sleep become clearly not enough. The baby can cry to show that he does not want to be left alone while awake and requires a “companion”.

What can a child at the end of the fourth month:

• independently roll over on his stomach, lying on his back;
• try to lift the top of the body;
• look at your reflection in the mirror;
• respond to the pronunciation of their name;
• crawl a little on your stomach;
• smile, laugh, squeal, distinguish native people.

Child in the fifth month of life

At the end of this period, the baby weighs almost twice as much as at birth. Height increases by 2-3 cm, weight - by 700 gr. This is the time when some babies start teething.

The mode of wakefulness and sleep changes. Now during the day he is put to sleep 2-3 times, and at night he sleeps without waking up to 10 hours. A five-month-old baby is ready to switch to five meals a day at intervals of 4 hours. In addition, at the end of the month, mothers begin to introduce the first complementary foods.

Now the baby becomes extremely mobile, which requires mandatory attention for him, instantly turns over, pulls the objects he likes into his mouth, and can even suck his toes. He tries to crawl on his stomach and makes the first attempts to sit up on his own.

The child can distinguish between his own and others. He reacts violently to the appearance of relatives in the zone of attention and incredulously calms down at the sight of strangers. Can hear changes in intonation and respond by crying to serious or rough notes in the voice.

What can a child at the end of the fifth month:

• lying on the back, roll over on the stomach and back;
• hold the head with confidence and turn it around;
• sit for a short time, leaning back;
• choose your favorite toy;
• “talk” to oneself for a long time, listening to one’s own sounds.

Baby in the sixth month of life

This is the period when the baby is teething. Discomfort from swollen gums possible increase temperatures lead to irritability and frequent crying.

The child begins to shift the rattles from one hand to the other, often deliberately throwing them down in order to see them fall. Makes timid attempts to get on all fours. If you put your favorite toy in the distance, you can quickly roll over on your stomach and make every effort to get to it.

He continues to master speech, and the simplest syllables may appear in his babbling: ma-ma, pa-pa. And in the intonation, notes imitating parents clearly slip through. At the same time, the baby can be included in simple finger games.

The sucking reflex weakens somewhat, it is worth starting to teach the baby to eat from a spoon, adding complementary foods from one-component vegetable puree. Only you need to enter it carefully, because the child's gastrointestinal tract is not yet fully developed. At this time, you need to gradually teach to drink from a mug. Weight gain - 600 gr, height - 2-3 cm.

What can a child at the end of the sixth month:

• sit down on your own;
• to crawl in the “plastunsky” way;
• try to get on all fours;
• take toys with both hands at once, throw them;
• play simple games, clap your hands;
• find with your eyes a large object that your mother calls.

Baby in the seventh month of life

The time of active exploration of the world by a small fidget begins. Some babies are already crawling, stubbornly trying to get to things of interest. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the room in which the world is known, to remove dangerous objects as far as possible.

A second complementary food is introduced - fruit puree. Later, milk porridge (buckwheat, rice) is also added, to which the yolk is added after a few weeks. By the end of the month, it can add up to 600 grams in weight, and up to 2 cm in height.

The baby begins to recognize the surrounding objects and can show them. It crawls on its own, makes the first attempts to stand on its feet. The number of spoken sounds increases. Therefore, it is imperative to deal with the baby, read books to him, telling him in simple words about the world around. Likes to play simple games during which he develops fine motor skills hands

What can a child at the end of the seventh month:

• sit confidently with a straight back without support;
• kneel, rise to your feet, holding on to the sides of the crib;
• crawl confidently, and some get only backward movement;
• point to objects, memorize their names;
• repeat some actions of adults;
• looking at pictures in books, turning pages.

Child in the eighth month of life

At this age, the baby sits independently without assistance. Can hold toys in both hands at once. The development of the skill of crawling continues.

Most children have up to six teeth at this time, they learn to chew food. To do this, boil more thick cereals, and stewed vegetables crumple, and are not rubbed to a liquid state. Children's experts recommend teaching chewing as early as possible in order to prepare the body's transition to "adult" nutrition. The child can drink from a special drinker or from a mug.

The baby eats every 4 hours, and sleep lasts up to 15 hours a day. Weight is added by about 600 grams, and height - by 1.5-2 cm.

With pleasure he communicates with relatives, may try to manipulate them, requiring constant presence. Recognizes mom and dad in photos. He talks a lot and willingly, changing the volume of his voice, learns to whisper after adults.

What can a child at the end of the eighth month:

• independently sit, stand up and step over at the support;
• navigate in familiar surroundings;
• express different emotions: delight, surprise, discontent;
• speak consciously simple words;
• perform simple actions at the request: show, bring, etc.

Child in the ninth month of life

This is the period when the baby, having learned to crawl quickly, begins to scrupulously master the world around him. His curiosity is so great that it is worth thinking about security, blocking access to cabinets and shelves. He can stand up on his own, holding on to a support, moves around the house with pleasure, holding the hands of adults. Makes timid attempts to walk independently.

Every day brings new syllables and sounds. He likes to copy adults, but not thoughtlessly, but understanding the meaning of the words spoken and pronouncing the combinations he hears. At this stage, it is important to communicate a lot with the baby, the formation of speech and the volume of vocabulary will depend on this. Improves fine motor skills of the fingers, can explore small objects, wave the index finger.

This month, the weight increases by another 500 grams, and growth rates - by 1.5-2 cm. The child's diet continues to expand. If meat has not yet been introduced into complementary foods, then it's time to do it. The daily routine includes two naps, but some children prefer to sleep three times.

What can a child at the end of the ninth month:

• emotionally relate to parents;
• try to eat on your own with a spoon;
• turn back when crawling;
• crying and screaming to manipulate relatives;
• drink from a mug, holding it yourself.

A child in the tenth month of life

A month is characterized by the fact that the child gains less weight - up to 350 grams, growth increases by only 1 cm. But he is getting better at controlling his body, while quickly mastering new skills and improving old ones. He sits and stands up well without outside help, but still holding on to a support.

Sleep patterns are also changing. For many children, one rest is enough. But then it is worth putting to bed early in the evening. The baby's diet continues to increase, cottage cheese and kefir are added (you can give up to 100 grams per day). Do not force feed, this can form a negative attitude towards certain products.

At the tenth month, the child more and more confidently controls his movements, performs many small actions with his fingers: crumples plasticine, tears paper, sorts out small toys. How better development receives fine motor skills, the faster intelligence develops. You can pay attention to which hand the child uses more, left or right, it depends on whether he will be left-handed or right-handed.

The first social skills begin to develop, parents help the baby to play in the company of children. He claps his hands with pleasure, stomps and dances when music appears.

What can a child at the end of the tenth month:

• from a standing position to sit down independently;
• try to name the surrounding objects;
• perform more complex actions: opens - closes, takes - puts;
• consciously play with toys: rolls a car, builds a tower;
• repeat after adults gestures and facial expressions.

Child in the eleventh month of life

The energy of the baby is overflowing, he uses every opportunity to get to know the world around him. Therefore, he tries to climb onto chairs and a sofa, he is interested in the contents of cabinets and bedside tables. She takes her first steps on her own and happily walks hand in hand with her mother. Can be engaged in a toy or an object they like for a long time.

The baby already has several teeth, so the daily menu necessarily includes meat and once a week low-fat varieties of fish. You can give small pieces of boiled potatoes and carrots. And special children's cookies and yoghurts. For a month, the increase in growth is only 1 cm, the weight increases by 350 grams.

During this period, the baby understands the word "no", understands his mother's reaction, realizes how he acted - good or bad. Some name objects from the environment.

What can a child at the end of the eleventh month:

• walk a few steps without support;
• try to be independent, he puts on socks, eats with a spoon;
• nod in affirmation, shake head in denial;
• take small things with two fingers - forefinger and thumb;
• play story games with parents;
• "read", leafing through the book.

Child in the twelfth month of life

Action becomes the main component of a one-year-old child. Walking by the hand or on your own, taking an active part in the processes of feeding and dressing, playing alone or with peers, exploring everything that catches your eye - all this the baby can do all day with great desire.

This is a time of active development of the baby, when he begins to feel like a person, strives to do a lot on his own (I myself!), Is capricious in case of refusals and prohibitions. Psychologists talk about the crisis of the first year, but it may not affect every baby.

Many mothers transfer the baby to a common table, but this does not mean that you can feed him along with adults. The children's menu remains, oatmeal and semolina porridge, butter are added.

What can a child at the end of the twelfth month:

• squat, get up from this position;
• use a mug and a spoon, chew food;
• show addictions in food, refuse to eat what you don’t like;
• understand what is said to him;
• know how to use household items: telephone, comb, broom;
• disassemble and assemble toys consisting of several parts;
• search for the desired item.

Everything said is rather arbitrary. A child goes through many stages in his development. But if one kid actively tries to run a year, then the other one still makes timid attempts to walk. Someone is happy to communicate with all people, and someone begins to cry loudly when he sees a stranger. It depends on the environment in which the child grows up, on living conditions, on the temperament and character of the baby. An important role is played by heredity.

But don't compare it to others. The time will come, and the baby will learn everything. One year is a huge stage in the life of a child from infancy to an independent person who speaks, walks, plays, laughs, understands others, becomes a real person with his own tastes and preferences. And most importantly for loving parents- surround him with love and care, help and support, teach and educate.