Types of varnishes by surface type

Among the huge variety of varnishes for furniture, it is customary to distinguish several types, the difference between which is determined primarily by the type of surface for which they are intended.

The first group includes varnishes, which are processed floors. The second group includes the so-called ship varnishes. They are usually used to cover wood products in bathrooms. And finally, the third group of varnishes is furniture varnishes, as well as varnishes, which are used to finish wooden surfaces located both indoors and outdoors.

How to choose furniture varnish? The answer to this question is not so easy to give. First of all, you need to decide on a number of parameters, without knowing which you can make a serious mistake and get something completely different from what you need.

When choosing a furniture varnish, be sure to consider such an important criterion as the environmental friendliness of the product. Lucky on water based in most cases, they are safe, odorless, and working with them is practically safe for life - there is no need for respiratory protection devices. Varnishes based on organic solvents have a strong unpleasant odor, which necessitates respiratory protection during operation. Varnishes for furniture, which do not contain organic solvents, are fireproof.

Labeling of furniture varnishes

At the moment, both foreign varnishes and domestic products are represented on the market of our country. The latter are distinguished by a special marking, which includes four groups of characters.

The first group indicates the type of material (lacquer, enamel). Where appropriate, the pigment constituting the lacquer is described here.

The second group of characters describes the film-forming agent that was used to make the varnish. If the base of the varnish contains natural resins, such as water-dispersion, oil, rosin, then it is considered safe.

The third group provides information about the purpose of the varnish. There are such varieties as weather-resistant varnishes, water-repellent, heat-resistant, special.

The fourth group of characters contains information about the factory where the varnish was made, or about the drying oil that became the basis for this varnish.

In addition, the marking of many varnishes indicates their type (for example, glossy, matte, semi-gloss, semi-gloss).

Types of varnishes by composition

Another parameter by which it is customary to distinguish varnishes for furniture is their composition. Here it is customary to distinguish alkyd varnishes, oil varnishes, nitro-varnishes, acrylic varnishes, epoxy and polyurethane varnishes.

Alkyd varnishes, as the name suggests, are based on alkyd resins and organic solvents. Due to their high strength and moisture resistance, these varnishes are very popular for both interior and exterior decoration. A significant drawback of this type of varnish is a long drying period, which, however, some manufacturers correct by adding a special hardener to the composition.

The basis oil varnishes resins are included vegetable oils, organic solvents. This type of varnish is mainly used for the primary coating of wooden surfaces.

Nitro-varnishes are made from lacquer colloxin, plasticizers, and resins. The main area of ​​​​use is interior finishing work. A number of advantages of nitro-varnishes include a short drying time, excellent adhesion to the surface, and high strength. Disadvantages - harm to health due to toxic solvents contained in their base.

Acrylic varnishes are considered the most environmentally friendly type of varnishes for furniture. Due to the water basis, they are fireproof. Acrylic varnishes, or as they are also called, water varnishes, differ high rates strength and elasticity. The disadvantages of this type of varnish include exactingness to the appropriate conditions in the room - they are sensitive to moisture (humidity in the room should not fall below 50%). Acrylic varnishes applied with special rollers or by pneumatic spraying.

Epoxy varnishes for furniture are characterized by durability, resistance to various influences, high water resistance. They are used for both internal and external work.

Polyurethane varnishes are among the most popular. They are resistant to abrasion, to various influences, and the scope of their application is extremely wide. They cover both musical instruments and parquet floors.

Any furniture takes on a much more stylish look if it is varnished. What is the best furniture varnish, and what are the criteria for choosing it to cover the surface? The question is important, because you want the furniture in the house to be impeccable in every sense of the word.

Types of varnish compositions

Varnish for wood furniture can be different, and its choice largely depends on what properties you will focus on. The first thing that wooden furniture varnishes are used for is the need to protect the surface from dust, moisture and cracking. At the same time, the varnish not only protects, but also emphasizes the originality of the wood pattern. But it is for this reason that many people buy wooden furniture.

Today, the following types of furniture varnishes are distinguished:

• Water (acrylic)
• Alcoholic
• Oily
• Alkyd
• UV varnishes

The most popular are oil, water and UV varnishes. Therefore, if you are looking for a suitable one, choose from these three options. All of them are safe for health and provide the wood with a really chic look. But it is precisely for this that they are looking for the best varnish for wood furniture.

Water varnishes

water, or acrylic lacquer for furniture is considered one of the most environmentally friendly. It is one of those types of varnish compositions that have no smell at all. Therefore, this option is ideal for furniture in a house where there are children. If you have a child, then water compositions for the same furniture in the nursery are most preferable.

Other advantages of acrylic varnishes for furniture include:

• No smell
• Long service life
• Fast drying
• Resistance to high temperatures
• No toxic fumes

However, the acrylic composition has its drawbacks. It:

• Susceptibility to low temperatures ;
• The cost of varnish acrylic base higher than other types, in addition, the cost of such varnish largely depends on the manufacturer.

UV varnishes

In list the best varnishes for processing furniture there are also UV compounds - ultraviolet curing. For the treatment of furniture surfaces, such a varnish is most preferable, since it dries very quickly. The secret of this varnish for wooden furniture lies in the fact that it contains photocells, which, under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, lead to instant hardening.

However, UV varnish should definitely not be used on furniture in a nursery or bedroom. It's simple - when you need an odorless furniture varnish, it is better to refuse UV varnishes, as they give a kind of fragrance. As for the additional advantages of such varnish compositions for painting furniture, these are:

• Formation of a beautiful gloss on the surface
• Drying speed
• Increased wear resistance

Other disadvantages of UV varnish for wood furniture:

• High price
• The smell of furniture varnish
• Costs for the acquisition and operation of drying equipment

Oil varnishes

It is worth considering another type of varnish, no less popular with buyers. This is the composition for oil based. This choice is due to the fact that this coating has excellent resistance to moisture. At the same time, the surface treated with such a varnish always looks stylish and can have various effects - from matte to mirror gloss.

Oil varnish for wood furniture treatment has the following advantages:

• The best option for primary surface treatment
• Resistant glossy layer
• Possibility of giving different shades

The disadvantages of oil varnish for painting furniture are:

• Presence of odor
• Low level of fire safety

The choice in favor of oil varnish is made in cases where the drying time and the smell of furniture varnish are not of fundamental importance. After all, the oil coating always looks stylish and gives the furniture a unique flavor.

And yet - what is important to know?

When deciding how to varnish furniture, you need to proceed from its features of a particular varnish composition. So remember the three basic rules of choice. It:

1. Environmental friendliness
2. Presence/absence of odor
3. fire safety

Also remember what room you are furnishing. If it is for children, then it is better to choose varnish for children's furniture among its water varieties. Although for the most part, the environmental friendliness of the varnish composition is important for everyone, regardless of age.

If you want to achieve a great look for your old furniture, then take an oil varnish. And "retro-furniture" can be treated with UV varnish, giving it a "second life".

Remember that no matter what you imagine your future furniture, you can buy the right one in our store. Here is a great range of furniture, the quality of the lacquer coating is always first-class. And you can see for yourself.

Furniture varnish to buy offers shop KRASKI.RU from the best manufacturers at low prices. Wide range of lacquers allows you to choose the optimal composition for coating any wooden surface in the interior. Furniture varnishes, are mainly intended for indoor use with a normal microclimate and in the absence of excessive mechanical stress on the varnished surface.

For furniture in bathrooms or in kitchens, it is best to use them, they also varnish garden furniture and the outer surfaces of window frames or doors. Can also be used furniture polyurethane varnish- it forms a durable elastic film that does not interact with water and most chemical solvents.

Varieties of furniture varnish

Fundamentals. Each of the varieties is designed for its own scope, but, most often, buy furniture varnish can be used universally. All its varieties are suitable for any wooden surfaces, except for floors, parquet, walls and ceilings in baths and saunas. For these purposes, created special varnishes of increased wear resistance and water resistance.

Furniture varnish it does not differ in special strength, but it is completely transparent and penetrates deep into the pores of the tree, strengthening the surface and fully showing the features of the texture. Glossy varnish very resistant, it gives the furniture a long-lasting shine, which improves after periodic polishing.

In addition to solid wood, varnish is used for other materials from which various furniture is made:
plywood;
Chipboard;
fiberboard;
tinted paper.

For laminate, MDF furniture varnish not used, as for mineral surfaces. It is characterized by deep penetration into the pores and on drywall or brick it will simply disappear inside the material, forming an almost imperceptible film.

Water-based varnishes

After application, the particles of the acrylic or polyurethane base merge into one and, after the evaporation of water, form a strong, chemically inert, water-insoluble film. Furniture water varnish It is produced in the form of a colorless base and can be used unchanged to coat wood products with its own original pattern and color. For less valuable woods colorless varnish tinted in a wide range of colors according to manufacturers' catalogs. You can order tinting in the KRASKI.RU store when making a purchase.

Water furniture matt varnish is tinted as well as glossy and semi-gloss. But when choosing a color, it is important not to overdo it - the dried varnish looks a little different than the fresh coat. The type of wood can also change the color of the finish layer. Before starting work, it is necessary to carry out a trial varnishing on a small fragment. Lighten tinted varnish you can add a basic colorless composition to it in a certain proportion.

The catalog of the KRASKI.RU store includes all types of furniture varnishes that can be bought wholesale and retail with delivery in Moscow on the day of the order. You can pick up the purchase yourself - the store network includes 60 points of issue, which are located in different parts of the city (map on the site).

Payment for the purchase is made in any convenient way - cash, card, bank transfer. The store catalog contains all the leading brands of paints, varnishes and finishing materials.

Varnish for furniture, today it is represented by a diverse assortment, which is extremely difficult for a beginner to figure out. There are many questions: what manufacturer of furniture varnish is better to buy? In a can or in a plastic bucket? Should I take a smaller or larger container? Glossy or matte finish? - these and many other questions arise in the process of choosing a furniture varnish. After reading this material, you will be able to understand what type of varnish is needed, how to store it and how to apply it.

• Nitrocellulose varnish for furniture

Widespread furniture varnish on the Russian market, which consists of the following components: resin, colloxylin, organic mixture. A distinctive feature of nitrocellulose furniture varnish is improved properties of strength and hardness, which allow each applied layer to dry in approximately 40-60 minutes at a temperature environment+20С and relative air humidity 75%. Nitrocellulose varnish for furniture is safe for human health and can be used in residential areas, both inside and outside the building.

• Water based furniture varnish

The most sought-after type of varnish among masters. Environmentally friendly coating due to the water base, the absence of harmful substances in the composition and toxins. Water-based varnish for furniture can be divided into several groups:

• - polyurethane. Polyester varnishes for furniture are presented in one and two-component versions. A two-component polyurethane varnish is used not only for furniture but also for parquet, as it is very resistant to abrasion due to the formation of an increased film strength on the coating.
• - one-component
• - two-component
• - acrylic. High-strength furniture varnish that does not change the color and structure of wood after application. Recommended for indoor use as it is not moisture resistant.

What is the best furniture polish?

It is preferable to use furniture varnish Russian production, due to the fact that the cost of these products will be significantly lower than European counterparts, and there is practically no difference. It is important to take into account that modern chemical enterprises have the latest production lines, exactly the same as abroad.

Among all manufacturers of paint and varnish products, a couple of manufacturers can be distinguished:

• lakra
• GoodChem

The first manufacturer produces good products, but the choice is obvious in favor of the second one, which wins in terms of price / quality ratio, and besides, I was pleasantly pleased with the new assortment from the 2016-2017 catalog.

Let's take a closer look at googhim's furniture polish:

PURPOSE AND PROPERTIES:

Lacquer Furniture Series goodhim™ TEXTURE Protection and Decor designed to protect and decorative finishes wooden furniture.

Formed strong, transparent, elastic film not subject to cracking even with minor mechanical deformations of the furniture, which are inevitable during the operation or movement of the furniture.

When dried, the varnish forms a transparent, elastic, durable film and protects against damage for a long time. moisture, rot, fungus, mold, algae, prevents swelling and deformation.

The varnish has a pronounced decorating and protective antiseptic effects.

• The varnish contains a UV filter and effectively preserves the saturation of the color of the decorative coating, including natural color wood. (light fastness corresponds to GOST R 52020-2003)

The varnish does not pass water and at the same time passes steam, which allows you to create a "breathing" coating.

Lacquer FURNITURE goodhim™ TEXTURE Protection and Decor available in the following versions:

• Matt goodhim TEXTURE 400
• Glossy goodhim TEXTURE 410

COMPOUND:

Aqueous dispersion of acrylic polymer, antiseptic and modifying additives.

The varnish is a milky white homogeneous viscous liquid with a slight odor. When completely dry, the varnish changes its color to colorless and forms a transparent, elastic, durable film.

MODE OF APPLICATION

• Surface preparation:

Before applying varnish, the surface should be cleaned of dirt and dried. Old varnish should be removed. To give the maximum decorative effect, it is recommended to apply varnish on a pre-sanded surface.

• It is recommended to apply varnish at temperatures above +7°C and normal humidity.
• Consumption:

Estimated consumption when applied with a brush on wood 100-160 g/m² first coat, 100 g/m² second coat. To obtain the best decorative effect, it is recommended to apply twice or multiple times with an intermediate drying time of 1 hour.

• Drying:

Within 1 hour after application, the varnish ceases to stick when touched. Complete drying occurs after 48 hours.

• Application method:

The varnish is applied in a continuous layer with a brush, roller, pouring, dipping or swab.

• Keep:

In a tightly closed original container at a temperature of 0°С to +40°С.

When freezing / thawing down to -15 ° C, it does not lose its properties. (up to 5 times)

• Shelf life 24 months from the date of manufacture.

Conclusions:

Among all manufacturers, it was GoodChem that provided the opportunity to check the entire series of varnishes. The results of the application exceeded all expectations, this is a really high-quality product, at a price that is simply out of competition on the Russian market. We recommend GoodChem furniture varnish. You can find it on the official website of the plant, for this, just type "GoodChem" in the search bar.

Lacquered interior items look elegant and expensive. They are resistant to chips, scratches, cracks, insect damage and rot. Furniture varnish is made on a different basis: water, acrylic, oil, resin with organic additives. Each variety has its own advantages and disadvantages, application features. Coatings are offered with a matte or glossy finish, which affects appearance finished product.

Furnishings made of wood, particle boards are actively used in home and office interiors. Under the influence of external negative factors, products can be deformed, cracked, covered with mold. To protect and prevent the loss of an attractive appearance, special varnishes for furniture are used. The products have a film-forming property, which manifests itself after the composition is applied to the surface of the furniture and it dries completely. Lacquered ready product on the final stage processing.

Furniture varnishes can have different shades, matte or glossy finish, but their coating remains transparent or translucent. This allows you not to hide, but, on the contrary, to emphasize natural beauty wood structures.

Depending on the degree of gloss of the coating, the following types of product are distinguished:

• Matte varnish for furniture is practical, it does not leave fingerprints and stains at all. Matted surfaces are appropriate in business, office premises, they are combined with chrome-plated fittings;
• Glossy coatings have a maximum degree of light reflection. Glossy furnishings often become the main accents of the interior. They look noble and elegant;
• Semi-gloss and semi-gloss varnishes are universal. They are suitable for decorating any furniture, have a moderate sheen and hand marks are not very visible on them;
• Some products are suitable for garden furniture, they are resistant to moisture, contain substances that protect against the negative effects of UV rays.

Glossy

semi-gloss

Varieties

There are several varieties of varnishes that differ in composition, appearance of the coating and degree of environmental friendliness. To evaluate which product is better in each case, you need to familiarize yourself with all types.

Oily

Funds are obtained by mixing linseed oil with turpentine and hardened resin. Today, to reduce the cost of the product, natural components are replaced by synthetic ones. The solvent component is white spirit.

The agent cures after the solvent has evaporated, forming a very durable coating. For garden furniture, high-fat oil varnishes are suitable, which have strength, water resistance, and elasticity. Interior furniture can be coated with products with a low oil content and a high percentage of resins. Such compositions dry quickly. The surface covered with a low-fat varnish can be sanded to a glossy finish.

The oil product is sold ready-made, does not require mixing. If it is necessary to add matting or tinting components, they are carefully dissolved in the varnish. The tool has a universal purpose, care for lacquered furniture is minimal.

Nitrocellulose

The product is obtained from a mixture of organic components, resin and colloxylin. Nitrocellulose does not dissolve in water; a special component is used for this. This varnish is suitable for processing any wood furniture, including products for home and outdoor use.

After coating, it dries completely in 60 minutes at a temperature of about 20 C. The resulting film has high hardness and smoothness. The product can be described as odorless, quick drying. It is very popular in industrial and home applications.

Water based products

Water-based furniture varnish is popular due to its high environmental friendliness. The product does not contain toxins, has no smell. When applied to the surface of furniture, the varnish dries quickly, the film is strong and highly elastic. It is suitable for decorating furniture for any purpose, including children's. The water base of the product ensures its high fire safety.

Water resources are divided into several types:

• One-component,
• Two-component,
• Acrylic.

Two-component products with the addition of polyurethane are stronger than those made from a single component.

A relative disadvantage that water-based varnish has is its low moisture resistance. Therefore, they do not cover garden furniture and bathroom furnishings.

Acrylic

The product is obtained by dissolving acrylic resin in water. The composition also includes several types of solvents, referred to as coagulating agents. They turn the resin into a strong film after the water evaporates. In a jar, acrylic furniture varnish has a milky White color, but when dried, it forms a transparent colorless coating.

The tool can only be used under conditions high temperature and low humidity. Dampness, low temperature can lead to the fact that the varnish does not dry out, the film does not harden. The tool is quick-drying, so the painted product can be used in a day. The surface of wood with such a coating does not turn yellow over time, retains its natural texture. You can use such varnishes in children's, healthcare and social institutions.

Polyurethane

The composition of the products includes polyesters and diisocyanates, they are divided into one- and two-component. Mixed products require the components to be connected before starting work. Polyurethane varnishes have increased coating strength and elasticity.

The treated surface of the furniture will not be subject to abrasion, it is resistant to mechanical damage. The transparent coating does not darken for many years, it is applicable to all kinds of furniture. Polyurethane varnish in terms of wear resistance surpasses even formulations with a high oil content.

Alkyd

Products are based on alkyd resins of synthetic origin. Lacquers are easy to apply on any surface, including natural wood. The coating is moisture resistant, withstands intense humidity and temperature extremes.

It is possible to cover with such varnish not only cabinets, beds, but also garden sets, built-in furniture of open or closed verandas. Alkyd compositions are superior in many respects to oil, acrylic.

craquelure

A special kind of furniture varnishes is craquelure varnish. The product is used to obtain the effect of aging. Achieving such an effect is possible due to the difference in the drying time of the product itself and the top coat that is applied to it. The varnish composition dehydrates the paint with which the product is processed, causing the formation of cracks on the surface.

Only a dry surface can be varnished. A layer of paint is applied to the slightly dried varnish layer. To achieve a fine-textured pattern, you need to dry the varnish layer longer. It is recommended to apply such a coating on products that are intended for placement in antique style, vintage. For the restoration of antiques, shellacs on a natural basis are used.

Selection rules for different materials

Lacquer products can not only give the furniture an attractive appearance, but also extend their service life. However, it is important to choose the right product for you. Before choosing a jar, it is recommended to evaluate the following aspects:

• For home use not worth buying professional tools. A beginner will not be able to achieve factory application;
• Assess the degree of deterioration of the furniture structure. For painting products or their parts, which account for the maximum load, choose two-component polyurethane compositions. This is true for tables and chairs. When decorating cabinet doors, frames, platbands, you can use a nitrocellulose product or a water-based furniture varnish;
• Depending on the purpose of the piece of furniture and the conditions in which it will be used, the most resistant compositions or water-based products are chosen. For furnishings in living rooms, oil, acrylic and alkyd products are most suitable. With repeated cleaning, they prevent the appearance of cracks. Outdoor furniture is covered with products with antibacterial additives, which exclude the appearance of rot and mold.

When choosing, it is important to consider after what period of time it will be necessary to use the piece of furniture. If you only have 4-6 hours, then use a water-based product. To speed up the drying process, processing with an industrial hair dryer helps.

If you plan to varnish products made of wood-based panels, models with curly cutouts, panels, then it is possible to use varnish in aerosols. It does not require mixing and painting brushes. A wide palette of shades allows you to choose both the darkest and the whitest product.

The tool applies equally evenly on smooth and carved surfaces, does not leave unpainted areas or streaks. Lacquered furniture acquires shine, looks elegant and is easily cleaned of dirt. It is also worth paying attention to the manufacturer and the cost of the product. The cheapest products will not create a durable durable coating. The maximum cost is for products that are suitable for outdoor use. Products for internal use, such as oil products, take a long time to dry, but form a film that is resistant to abrasion.

At the request of the consumer, choose a transparent or tinted varnish. Colorless products are suitable for products made of expensive solid wood with a beautiful natural texture: beech, oak, mahogany. It provides the necessary protection, but does not hide the natural beauty. For products from inexpensive species: pine, walnut, birch, you can use colored compositions. They will give the furniture a more stylish appearance, make the interior richer. The offered palette of colors includes a wide variety of wood shades, as well as white and black colors, other colors of the RAL palette. Depending on the degree of penetration into the wood, choose a product that is a shade darker or lighter than desired.