When is the day of the military signalman. Children's educational games, lessons, crafts. Forecast for the future

October 20 annually in the Armed Forces Russian Federation the professional holiday of military signalmen is celebrated.

The date for celebrating Signalman's Day was chosen on the basis that it was on October 20, 1919 that special signal troops were created in Soviet Russia. We are talking about the creation, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council, of a centralized leadership of military communications, which was defined as strategically important in the conditions civil war and foreign military intervention. The military communications service was allocated to the special service of the headquarters, and the troops themselves - to independent military formations as part of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army.

The holiday itself appeared in the new calendar of important dates of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the basis of presidential decree No. 549 of May 31, 2006.
Military signalmen of Soviet Russia, the USSR and the Russian Federation took part in all wars and armed conflicts without exception, in which they were involved Armed forces Fatherland. One of the most difficult trials was the Great Patriotic War, during which the feat of military signalmen cannot be overestimated.

As a result of the first strikes of the Nazi troops, communication at various levels and purposes was partially broken. Often, the command did not have information about the state of affairs on a particular sector of the front, which actually undermined the foundation for developing an effective operation plan. The expansion of the zone of occupation of the territory of the USSR led to the loss of existing communication systems. So, by December 1941, the length of telephone and telegraph lines of all-Union significance decreased by more than a third. The number of telegraph devices operated by the USSR has decreased by at least 40%.

All the forces and means of military signalmen were thrown into the restoration of communication lines. By decision of the command in the USSR, 10 repair and restoration battalions of 750 people each were created for the three active linear communications battalions. Highly qualified specialists from the Military Academy of Communications, the Moscow Institute of Communications Engineers, the Central Research Institute of Communications and other specialized technical universities and scientific laboratories were called up for service in the signal troops.

Military signalmen sometimes, at the cost of their own lives, restored broken channels, and also created new lines for the exchange of information. In a very short time, communication lines were laid from Moscow to Leningrad - through Ladoga. This line made it possible to keep in touch with the besieged city and clarify the probable possibilities for the supply of food and ammunition, as well as the planning of operations. During the war, a communication line appeared from Stalingrad to Nevinnomyssk, which passed through the territory of Kalmykia.

Per a short time special units were formed and prepared to provide communications in the Stavka-Front link. In addition, lines were serviced in the "army-corps-division" link. By the summer of 1942, the front commanders were provided with personal radio stations, which were used during the trip to the troops.

A truly huge contribution to the development of signal troops, as well as the technological base for their activities during the Great Patriotic War, introduced the legendary People's Commissar of Communications of the USSR (1939-1944) Ivan Terentyevich Peresypkin (1941-1944 - part-time Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR). Prior to his appointment to the post of People's Commissar, Ivan Peresypkin served as Deputy Head of the Communications Directorate of the Red Army.

Ivan Terentyevich is by no means a staff official. During his tenure as People's Commissar of Communications during the war, he directly took part in virtually all of its major battles: from the battle for Moscow and the Battle of Stalingrad to the battles to liberate Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic States from the Nazis. Ivan Peresypkin went to the front at least 20 times, as evidenced by the military archives. He became the first marshal of the communications troops in the USSR. Ivan Terentyevich was awarded 4 orders of Lenin, 2 orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the October Revolution, the Order of the Red Star, the Order of Kutuzov 1st degree and other orders and medals, including foreign ones.

Today, signal troops are the most important element of command and control of the Armed Forces. The condition of the communication lines provided by the servicemen of the troops largely determines the efficiency of command and control of the troops and the timeliness of making the most important decisions, including decisions on the use of certain types of weapons.

Military communications play a huge role in assisting the Syrian army in the fight against international terrorism. On the eve of Signalman Day, Chief of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces, General of the Army Valery Gerasimov, said that Russia would redirect part of the space intelligence assets to Iraqi Mosul, in the area of \u200b\u200bwhich a situation is developing that allows ISIS militants (banned in the Russian Federation) to advance to the Syrian border and cross it. To monitor the situation near Mosul, the RF Armed Forces will also use unmanned aerial vehicles that will transmit information to the Coordination Center. This information will allow the Russian Aerospace Forces to timely determine the places of accumulation of militants heading from Mosul through Syrian territory and destroy them before they have time to settle in any relatively large city.

Servicemen of the signal troops conduct their daily activities to ensure the security of the borders of the Russian Federation. The troops are receiving new equipment that makes it possible to effectively solve the tasks of exchanging information. On October 19, it was announced that the “military” Internet began to work as part of the RF Armed Forces. This is a specially protected computer network, called the "Closed Data Transfer Segment". The segment differs in that it does not switch to the usual Global Network and is reliably protected from connecting disks that are not certified in the system.

"Military Review" on this day congratulates all military signalmen of Russia and veterans of the signal troops on their professional holiday!

Last week Moscow's Expocentre on Krasnaya Presnya hosted Russia's largest telecommunications show, Svyaz-Expocomm 2004. The tone this time was set by telecom operators who presented new services. Subscribers can use some services right now, and many can be subscribed to in the near future.

Like abroad
Surprisingly, it is a fact: despite the image of a technically backward company, the Moscow City Telephone Network promised Muscovites such a package of services that any subscriber of a cellular company would envy. For example, a call can be forwarded from one number to another; leaving home, you can redirect calls to any other number, whether fixed or mobile. If you still haven’t received a call, it’s okay: everyone can leave a message in the virtual mailbox provided by MGTS (voice mail). And if, on the contrary, you want someone not to call you, dialing from certain numbers can be blocked. MGTS will also offer a number identification service. This is not a complete list of benefits that the capital's telephone company will bestow (for a small fee, according to the assurances of the MGTS management) to Muscovites. So far, Russian subscribers of fixed communication networks of general use have not been supposed to do anything like this.

Internet in "hot spots"
Wi-Fi is a technology of wireless Internet access at high speed (up to 11 Mbps) - strictly speaking, it is not among the novelties. But in Russia, Wi-Fi access points are present only in those places where a lot of foreigners accumulate. Operators and equipment manufacturers are feeling a growing interest in Wi-Fi. This year, for example, MegaFon, one of the largest mobile operators, deployed its Wi-Fi zone at the exhibition. And the American corporation Cisco Systems, known as one of the world's largest manufacturers of professional telecommunications electronics, for the first time introduced Wi-Fi devices for individual users. For example, from your apartment you access the Internet through a telephone socket. In order not to be tied to one point, you put a Wi-Fi module at home and go online, lying on the couch, sitting on the toilet, and generally from where it is convenient for you.
Not a single "Svyaz-Expocomm" recent years could not do without demonstrating another type of wireless Internet access - third-generation cellular communications. Like at the last exhibition, Russian 3G was personified by the Skylink company and its Moscow subsidiary MCC. Just like last time, Skylink's IMT-MC-450 network capabilities were demonstrated with the help of video pictures broadcast over phones connected to laptops. However, there is a difference from last year's exposition: now it will be possible to connect not two phone models to the Sky Link network, but much more. For example, the collection of IMT-MC-450 devices was presented by the Chinese company Huawei Technologies (formerly, by the way, it produced exclusively professional equipment). Outwardly, the most "advanced" phones look very attractive - compact "clamshells" with color displays and a host of additional features, including MMS. However, upon closer inspection, these phones seem odd. For example, they do not have Bluetooth, a function for wireless data exchange with other mobile devices. They don't have cameras either. “What is all this for?” Chinese specialists, in turn, are surprised.

Riding the bus - watching TV
The Moscow branch of the cellular company "MegaFon" presented the "Mobile TV" service, which can be called a third-generation service. It allows subscribers to receive and view television channels in real time on the screen of a cellular handset. Now mobile TV is working in test mode and allows you to view two channels - RBC-TV and Rambler-TV. To access the service, you need a phone that supports GPRS high-speed data transfer technology. By the end of May, MegaFon intends to put mobile television into commercial operation on the territory of the Moscow license zone. The operator will not charge mobile TV users for traffic. The service will be provided unlimited for $15-22 per month. MegaFon hopes that by the end of the year about 10,000 subscribers will be connected to mobile television.

Refrigerator for computers
The world's largest manufacturer of uninterruptible power supply computer systems, the American company APC, for the first time showed the InfraStruXure High Density computer system cooling system at the Svyaz-Expocomm 2004 exhibition. It is a special cabinet in which all cluster components are installed - servers, control systems and uninterruptible power supply. All of them highlight great amount heat and need an efficient cooling system. Traditionally, hot air from computer components was vented directly into the room, so the air conditioners in the building had to run at full blast. To simplify the cooling procedure, a small air conditioner is designed, which APC engineers installed right in the cabinet. This air conditioner throws hot air out of the room through a special outlet and allows several times to reduce the cost of electricity for cooling computers.

homegrown pipe
Cellular operator "Mobile Telesystems" starts selling GSM-phones under its own brand. The first 3,000 MTS S-680 telephones manufactured by Zelenograd Sitronics on MTS's order will go on sale this summer. The S-680 has an original design, GPRS and EMS support, polyphonic melodies; the model weighs 81 g and will cost about $100. According to the president of MTS Vasily Sidorov, the company has not yet decided how exactly the MTS phone will be promoted. Most likely, it will be offered bundled with a certain tariff plan at a special price, or maybe completely free of charge, as Western European cellular companies have been doing for a long time.
VALERY KODACHIGOV, DMITRY ZAKHAROV

How familiar are these telephone booths!

On March 7, 1876, Alexander Bell received patent No. 174465 for a device that became the prototype of the modern telephone.

The first telephone sets, external calls (at first they were not in the devices) and switches.

In many films there are scenes when the hero of the film speaks in a telephone booth. For me, the most memorable is the film "Every Evening at Eleven". This is an old bright Soviet melodrama about love, purity of feelings. So the hero of the film (actor Mikhail Nozhkin) spent every evening in this telephone booth, and often talking with a stranger until morning.

Well, now a little history.
The history of the telephone goes into the distant past. Information has been preserved that in 968 a Chinese inventor created an apparatus called thumtsein that transmitted sound through pipes. Even in ancient times, the so-called rope telephone was used. A rope was stretched between the two diaphragms and it was possible to talk over short distances. In this case, the sound was transmitted from one end to the other due to the vibrations of the rope.

But these were primitive telephones transmitting sound through vibrations. The history of the telephone, which transmits sound through electricity, begins in the second half of the 19th century. The first to use the word telephone was Charles Boursel, in 1854 he published a dissertation in which he described the principle of the telephone, but before practical application it didn't work out.

The first device that could transmit musical tones (not voice, only tones) was invented in 1861 by the German physicist Johann Philipp Reis. He called this device Telephon.

Alexander Bell invented the world's first telephone designed for voice transmission. He participated in a competition to solve the problem of sealing telegraph circuits and discovered the effect of telephoning. And on February 14, 1876, he filed an application with the patent office for his invention. On the same day in Chicago, only two hours later, a similar application was submitted by E. Gray, who also participated in the competition for solving the problem of sealing telegraph circuits. But since Alexander Bell applied first, he received a patent for his invention. Therefore, the first person who invented the telephone is Alexander Bell.

Alexander Bell

In 1889, William Gray's wife fell ill. The inventor then spent a lot of time and effort persuading one of the owners of a few telephone sets to allow him to make a much-needed call. Subsequently, Gray set himself the goal of creating a telephone that could perform the functions of a cashier.

Such the first payphone, or payphone in the modern sense, was demonstrated in 1890 at the World Exhibition in Paris. And in the same year, the first public payphone was installed in the American city of Hartford. The fee for the use of this innovation was instructed to collect the controller.

In Russia, the payphone first appeared in Moscow in 1909. And since then, for a long time, this type of communication has not lost its popularity in Russia, despite the fact that it was pay phones that courageously took on the most powerful outbursts of aggression. .

A "dvushka" (a coin of 2 kopecks) for many years was a mandatory coin during city travel. Of course, the development of modern mobile communications has clearly reduced the severity of problems - both with vandals and with "kopeck piece". And also canceled one of the most famous ways of street dating: “Girl, can you tell me where the nearest pay phone is here? Don't you have two kopecks?"

Special communication in the metro was organized with the help of such devices.

At the beginning of 1910, there were more than 10,000 telephone exchanges throughout the world, serving more than 10 million telephones.

Such a payphone is in the memory of more than one generation.

To date, the development of telephone communication has reached its heights. Almost every person in the world has a wired telephone and a wireless - cellular telephone. Phones provide communication around the world, allow people to communicate at a distance. And 150 years ago, telephone communication was the dream of many inventors and enthusiasts. Let it go Cell phones, we have already had our home telephone replaced and earlier, sometimes, a much-needed street payphone. But how faithfully they served us! And such a pleasant trace was left in our memory.

In our country, many professions are awarded a special date in the calendar - the day of a professional holiday. Signalman's Day is one of many such festivities. Such attention from government agencies talks about the importance of this profession.

When is the holiday celebrated

The calendar of professional holidays includes about ten days associated with the work of a signalman. Modern Russia twice a year pays special attention to this specialty. To celebrate Signalman's Day, the date of which is scheduled for May 7th, you need to know that it is listed on the calendar as Radio Day. This is a holiday for all branches of communication.

The reason for choosing the number was the date of the first communication session conducted by Alexander Popov, the inventor of the radio. In 1895, on April 25 (old style), Popov demonstrated the work of his invention. The wireless session showed the great future of this device. For the first time, communication workers began to glorify in 1925.

Specialization of profession and holiday

In autumn, a separate date is the Day of the military signalman. Highlighting the military orientation of the profession of a signalman indicates the need for such a specialist to work in the modern army. The authorities first paid attention to the communications service in 1919. On October 20, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Soviet Republic organized a communications department, assigning signalmen to special independent troops. This number was chosen to celebrate the Day of the military signalman.

In order to revive the prestige of a military signalman and in honor of honoring those who died on the battlefields, the President of the Russian Federation in 2006 restored Signalman's Day in Russia. October 20 is a holiday for military personnel and civilian communications workers.

history of the holiday

After the allocation of signalmen to a special service, the formation of modern signal troops begins. USKA (Communications Directorate of the Red Army) was in charge and managed all means of communication for the troops. It was engaged in checking the communication departments and supplying them with special equipment. Gradually, the radiotelegraph and telegraph-telephone departments, the military division of Electrotrest, passed under his department.

In fact, Signalman's Day could have been scheduled for another time. The specific number of initial actions of military signalmen has not been clarified. The first communications units appeared in Russian army in the last quarter of the 19th century. The telegraph began to be used to transmit and receive information between different parts of the troops. After effective experiments in the Baltic in 1897, the inventor Popov A.S. new attempts were made to establish a connection between the land and the ship. The distance between transmitter and receiver was constantly increasing.

At the final stage of the experiment, information was transmitted between the two ships. All attempts to improve the devices ended with the planned results. In the Russo-Japanese War (1904 - 1905), signalmen began to use radio receivers in the conditions of warfare. After confirming the need for constant communication with the headquarters, signalmen became an integral part of military units.

The Great Patriotic War provided another chance to prove the importance of the work of a signalman. Allocate for the celebration of a special Signalman's Day demanded historical justice. Several dozen communications workers were awarded the high title of Hero Soviet Union. The most famous feat is the act of Sergeant Novikov. Having received the order to restore the damaged communication line, the sergeant coped with the task at the cost of his life. Finding a break in the wires, he connected them with his teeth, firing at that time from the Nazis.

Communication today

The modern communication system is different from its original form. The simplest sound and visual means have been replaced by multi-channel automated systems. The latest devices are able to transmit and receive a signal at any distance. They are also in constant contact with stationary and moving objects. They can send a message and receive a response in any conditions: on land and on water, in the air and under water.

The value of the work of a signalman cannot be overestimated. The functioning of the combat means of the army and all troops depends on the organization and effectiveness of the means of communication. To glorify the work of such specialists, to evaluate the merits to the fatherland involves the Signalman's Day. It is to this day that the results of the work of specialists for the year are summed up. The best of the best are singled out, rewarded and exalted.

Forecast for the future

The near and distant future cannot be imagined without the work of post offices. Therefore, Signalman's Day will be of great importance in attracting attention and raising the status of such professionals. To train specialists of various levels becomes a priority.

The qualified performance of their duties is aimed at ensuring the smooth operation of a complex multifunctional organism. Radio, tropospheric, wired and other types of communication lines, which are thousands in length, mean nothing without workers with special training. Their importance increases at critical moments. The merit to the motherland and society is the fulfillment of the order to prevent interruption of contact at the right time.

The date for celebrating Signalman's Day was chosen on the basis that it was on October 20, 1919 that special signal troops were created in Soviet Russia. We are talking about the creation, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council, of a centralized leadership of military communications, which was defined as strategically important in the context of the civil war and foreign military intervention. The military communications service was allocated to the special service of the headquarters, and the troops themselves - to independent military formations as part of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army.

The holiday itself appeared in the new calendar of important dates of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the basis of presidential decree No. 549 of May 31, 2006.
Military signalmen of Soviet Russia, the USSR and the Russian Federation took part in all wars and armed conflicts, without exception, in which the Armed Forces of the Fatherland were involved. One of the most difficult trials was the Great Patriotic War, during which the feat of military signalmen cannot be overestimated.

In a short time, special units were formed and prepared to provide communications in the Stavka-Front link. In addition, lines were serviced in the "army-corps-division" link. By the summer of 1942, the front commanders were provided with personal radio stations, which were used during the trip to the troops.

A truly huge contribution to the development of the signal troops, as well as the technological base for their activities during the Great Patriotic War, was made by the legendary People's Commissar of Communications of the USSR (1939-1944) Ivan Terentyevich Peresypkin (1941-1944 - part-time Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR). Prior to his appointment to the post of People's Commissar, Ivan Peresypkin served as Deputy Head of the Communications Directorate of the Red Army.