In inlay, straw is used as a decorative material. First, a product is made from wood, then its surface is primed, painted, and then decorated with straws.

For inlay (application) use rye, oat, meadow grass straw. It is harvested for future use during the period of milky-wax ripeness, in July - August: cut, dried for 2-3 days, spikelets, knee nodes and leaves are removed with scissors, then sorted by length, thickness, color and stored in a dry dark place.

To give the stem a more uniform shade, remove spots, grayness, the straw is pre-bleached. To do this, prepare the following composition (g): water - 1 l; 15% hydrogen peroxide - 150; ammonia - 20; caustic soda - 40. Straws are immersed in a warm (not lower than 30-35 ° C) solution and kept in it under load from 10 minutes to 1.5 hours, constantly stirring. Then they are taken out and washed at least twice in cold water, adding vinegar to the last water.

Straw is well bleached with a solution of hydroperite (18 tablets per 3 liters of water). The straws are immersed in the solution and bleached over low heat for 1 hour, stirring constantly.

Colored straws are obtained by dyeing with aniline dyes for fabrics. A little salt is put into the dye solution to fix the paint, and vinegar essence is also added. To obtain the desired tone, the following compositions are recommended (per 5 liters of water):

for a light tone: 1-3 g of dye; 7 g salt; 2 g of vinegar essence;
- for medium tone: 3-6 g of dye; 12 g salt; 4 g of vinegar essence;
- for a dark tone: 6-10 g of dye; 15 g of salt; 5 g of vinegar essence;
- for black tone: 10-12 g of dye; 25 g salt; b g vinegar essence.

Before dyeing, the straws can be held in a soda solution (1 tablespoon of soda per 2 liters of water) - then the shade will be more uniform.

Straws are loaded into a metal container with a hot coloring solution, covered with a lid and boiled for 20-90 minutes, constantly stirring with a wooden stick. They take out the straw from the cooled solution, wash it at least twice in cold water and put it in vinegar solution for 10-15 minutes (2 tablespoons of vinegar essence per 5 liters of water) - this will fix the paint and it will not stick to the fingers during operation . Then the straws are placed on the end, when the water drains, they are laid out in a thin layer and dried at room temperature for a day. Dry dyed straws are stored in bundles in a dry place.

You can turn straws brown by holding them under a hot iron or in a hot oven for a few minutes.

In addition to the straw, to perform the inlay, it is necessary to prepare glue, nitrolac, stain, nitro enamel, sandpaper, putty and other materials, which will be discussed later, as well as various tools and fixtures.

The main tool for inlaying is a scalpel and a cutter (jambs), sharpened at angles of 30, 45, 60°. You will also need semicircular chisels, punches for making curved elements, a penknife, a pencil, brushes, a ruler, a square, a compass, a thickness gauge. Of the auxiliary accessories, it is necessary to have a glue maker, a jar for varnish, a bath with a sponge soaked in water, abrasive bars for sharpening tools, a press (weight) for gluing.

Before starting work, the straw is moistened with water so that it becomes more pliable and breaks less. Then, with a knife blade, cut the stem along the fibers and straighten it on a wooden block, passing the knife from the inside and outside in the direction away from you at an angle of about 30 °.

You can smooth the split straw on paper with a hot iron several times on both sides, thus obtaining a shiny straw ribbon. In this case, it is recommended to pre-steam the straws for 20-30 minutes before splitting.

Qualitatively processed straw after straightening will fit into a ring.

Straws prepared in this way are sorted by shades.

Drawing for inlay is usually performed in life size. Transfer to the surface to be decorated using carbon paper with a sharpened pencil. Only the main lines are outlined, since small details only pollute the base.

Inlay with straws can be done on the ground or on the varnish.

Ground inlay technique. Soil composition (g): joiner's glue - 400; water - 500; black dye - 8; glycerin - 40; detergent "Extra" - 8. The primer is applied in two thin layers with intermediate and final drying for 4 - 5 hours and carefully sanded along the fibers with a fine-grained sandpaper. When laying out the ornament, a strip of straw is held in the left hand, a scalpel in the right (Fig. 54, a). The soil under the straws at the place of their connection should be slightly moistened with water with the index finger right hand. With a scalpel, the necessary pattern element is cut off from the strip and gently rubbed to the plane with the blunt end of the handle or with a scalpel blade at an angle of 30 °.

Rice. 54. Techniques for working with straws during inlay (application): a - cutting off a pattern element from a straw ribbon; b - reception of work with a brush.

The finished inlaid surface is covered with nitro-lacquer at least twice, drying each layer well.

Lacquer inlay technique. The surface to be decorated is carefully primed and sanded - it should be smooth, shiny and dry. As a background coating, it is recommended to use stains, gouache with the addition of PVA glue, nitro enamel. Apply it with quick movements of the brush, first along the fibers, then across. The product is well dried for 3 - 4 hours and covered with NTs-218, NTs-221, NTs-222, NTs-228 nitro-lacquer (with a brush, swab or paint sprayer) at least twice with intermediate and final drying. The pattern element is glued with a mixture of nitro-varnish and solvent (1: 3), applying it to the inlaid area with a small brush with soft bristles. At the same time, both a scalpel and a brush are held in the right, working hand, holding it between the index and middle fingers (Fig. 54, b).

Technique set of elements. Start inlaying from the center, gradually moving to the right, left, up and down. Simple patterns are made up of various combinations of geometric elements: squares, rhombuses, triangles, rectangles (stitches).

A set of simple chains is shown in fig. 55. It is carried out as follows. On the prepared surface, nine pairs of parallel guide lines are drawn at a distance of 10 mm from one another. Using a ruler or compass, divide the surface in half and draw a perpendicular. Between the first two lines, a chain of square rhombuses is placed. To do this, a rhombus is cut off from a strip of straw and glued so that the upper and lower corners coincide with the perpendicular and lie no lower and no higher than the guide lines. Then, with identical square rhombuses, a strip is filled to the right and left of the central rhombus. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the corners of the rhombuses are in contact.

Rice. 55. A set of simple chains: a - from squares, 6 - from rhombuses; in - from triangles; g - from strips (stitches); e - from parallelepipeds.

The zigzag chain is made up of narrow rhombuses.

A set of chains of rectangles (stitches) and squares is as follows. Two horizontal lines are drawn on the surface at a distance of 21 mm from one another. Divide the segment horizontally in half and stick a strip of straw 5 mm wide so that the cut-off rectangle (stitch) of the straw 13-15 mm long lies in the middle of the horizontal. Four squares with sides of 2 mm are glued to the four corners of the stitches. Connect the squares with stitches 2 mm wide. Repeat this element first to the left along the guide, then to the right.

Rice. 56. A set of complex chains: a - from large and small squares; b - from squares and stripes (stitches); in - from squares and rhombuses; g - from rhombuses and stitches; d - from rhombuses, squares and stitches.

Complex chains (Fig. 56) are recruited on the basis of simple ones, as a rule, increasing individual geometric elements up and down from the center.

Borders (Fig. 57) decorate the sides of the lids of boxes, chests, frames. It is made up of combinations of individual geometric elements that form the main pattern. It is collected from strips no longer than 250 mm.

Rice. 57. Border.

Often the ornament is built from square, rhombic, triangular grids filled with rosettes. Grids (Fig. 58) are drawn using a thickness gauge, ruler, square and compass. Thin (1-3 mm) strips of straw are glued to the plane, first horizontally, then vertically. The joints are carefully trimmed, they must be clean and tight. The free space of the grid is filled with rosettes (Fig. 59). They are a conditionally depicted open flower of five, six, eight or more petals. Most often, the rosette is drawn from rhombuses: the circle is divided into the appropriate number of parts, each of which serves as a cell for the rhombus. Straw strips can either fit snugly against each other, or form an openwork with additional elements.

In plot compositions, it is sometimes necessary to fill most of the surface with a continuous flooring of straw. To do this, strips 5-10 mm wide are glued close to each other, without gaps, changing direction (vertically, horizontally, diagonally), onto the moistened inlaid area and carefully rubbed. Joints at cut points must be tight and clean.

Straw inlay is especially good when it combines a delicate openwork pattern and solid flooring. It is also very important in which direction the strip is placed, as this creates a special play of light, shine.

Having mastered the technique of performing the elements of the inlay set and acquiring practical skills, you can create interesting, unique compositions with plant, zoomorphic and other motifs.

Straw application. The basis for it can be wood, plywood, fiberboard, fabric, cardboard, thick paper. Tools, accessories are the same as in the inlay.

Rice. 58. Grids.

The straw application technique is as follows. The base, such as plywood, is well sanded with sandpaper, smeared with black or brown gouache, and then with carpentry glue. When the glue dries, transfer the drawing through the carbon paper to the prepared base, as well as to a thin sheet of paper. Split and smoothed straws of a certain shade are glued (by the method of flooring) with the help of PVA emulsion to the corresponding elements of the pattern copied onto paper. Then these elements are sequentially cut out with scissors and glued onto the base pattern. The finished application is smoothed along the fibers and pressed with a load for 10-15 minutes.

The application uses a wide variety of types of ornament and decoration techniques, similar to inlay. In this technique, decorative panels, frames, postcards, bookmarks, decor for household and souvenir items.

Rice. 59. Sockets.

Combinations of flat, openwork elements of the pattern with volumetric ones look spectacular in the application. This technique is often used when creating plant and plot compositions.

There are many color options available. We recommend starting with the simplest (Fig. 60). A colored or natural golden-colored strip of straw is glued onto a thin sheet of paper. According to a pre-prepared template, a flower petal is cut out with nail scissors. The middle of the petal is cut in the form of a triangle approximately to the center. The cut halves are glued, the resulting petal is glued to the base.

Rice. 60. Volumetric elements used in the application of straws.

decorative elements perform in the form of brushes, "suns". For the "sun" 5-6 well-steamed wet straws 30-50 mm long are tied in the middle. With a needle, each straw is carefully divided into thin strips 1-1.5 mm wide. The top and bottom of the workpiece are bent, the ends are connected, they are straightened evenly around the circumference, the ends are leveled with scissors. The finished element is ironed or placed under a press.

For a brush, the straws are also tied up in the middle, then bent at the base, tied up again, split, straightened and placed under the press.

For the manufacture of various applied items, both the tree trunk itself and the growths on it (burl) and on the roots (kapokoren) are used with equal success.

Burl wood, due to the serpentine arrangement of fibers and various inclusions of dark color, has an unusually beautiful texture. In addition, due to the lack of straightness, it has high strength and hardness, after carpentry processing it does not crack, does not warp, does not swell, does not shrink, it is well polished. The significant hardness of the burl makes it possible to make products from it with thin walls (3-4 mm), light and elegant, and also to use internal hinged devices in them (this is how secretly opening caskets, cigarette boxes, etc. are made).

Due to the richness of the patterned pattern of wood with an amber-yellow color of the polished surface, burl is considered one of the best materials to create products of a utilitarian and decorative nature: various caskets, caskets, candy bowls, fruit dishes, powder boxes, cigarette cases, mouthpieces, pipes, chessboards, matchboxes, etc.

The process of manufacturing products from burl consists of a series of successive operations: marking, sawing, steaming, drying, carpentry, polishing and, in some cases, varnishing. The main tool is a set of chisels of various widths and configurations and an electric drill.

The cap is sawn into plates with a thickness depending on the size of the intended product. Usually, on a fresh cut of a burl, the pattern is pale. To reveal the texture, the plates are steamed. Wet sawdust is placed on the bottom of the pan with a layer of about 20 mm, burl plates are placed on them, covered with a layer of wet sawdust and the pan is put in the oven for 2-3 hours. During the steaming process, the natural dye contained in the cap dissolves in water and after drying, the texture of the material is dyed in Beautiful colors- from golden amber to dark chocolate. The steamed burl is dried for a week. After that, it is possible to cut, grind and glue various products from the blanks, which were mentioned above. Finish them with polishing, if necessary, cover with alcohol shellac varnish.

A novice carver can be advised to make an object of a simple shape from a burl, for example, a vase-plate. The contours of the product are applied to the workpiece with a pencil. Then the unnecessary parts are hatched and removed with a chisel. The pattern of the product is re-applied on the roughly processed surface and processed again: holes are drilled in the marked recesses and then they work with chisels. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the direction of the fibers, their interlacing and zigzag arrangement, during gouging, make sure that no chips are obtained.

The surface treated with a cutting tool is somewhat rough, so it must be sanded. They usually grind with three types of skins: large on a fabric basis, fine and velvety on paper.

After grinding, the product can be covered with the thinnest layer of varnish, then smeared with heated beeswax and rub with a cloth.

MUNICIPAL BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

ADDITIONAL EDUCATION

"CENTER OF CREATIVITY

ZAVODSKOY DISTRICT" OF THE CITY OF KEMEROVO

Straw inlay

Educational activities: Straw appliqué

Children's age: 11-12 years old

FULL NAME. teacher: Suslyakova Lidia Yakovlevna

The Department: Decorative and applied

Compiled by: teacher

additional education

Suslyakova Lidia Yakovlevna

Kemerovo 2016

Summary of the lesson on the topic:

"Straw Inlay"

Target: - mastering by students of ornaments, methods of performing inlay, technology for performing inlay "marquetry" and "intarsia".

Tasks:

To teach how to draw up a sketch of an ornament for decorating a rectangular product in the style of "inlay";

Develop straw skills, imagination, aesthetic taste;

Cultivate responsibility for the work performed.

Visibility:

Chopping boards inlaid with straw;

Dolls in inlaid clothes;

Inlaid eggs and wooden spoons;

Samples of ornaments in a rectangle.

Equipment:

Candy box;

prepared format;

PVA glue;

Tassels;

Scissors;

Napkin;

Cardboard;

Glued strips of straw.

Lesson type : combined.

Basic concepts: inlay, marquetry, intarsia.

During the classes:

Student activities

I. Organizational moment.

Greetings;

Checking readiness for the lesson;

Reporting the topic of the lesson, setting goals.

What will we learn in class?

What will we learn?

II. TV instruction.

Safety rules when working with scissors.

(Appendix 1)

Students repeat the rules

III. Presentation of new material .

Do you know what holiday will be soon?

Yes, this is the feast of Holy Pascha, and the Holy Week of preparations for this feast is now underway. The custom of dyeing and decorating eggs began from the moment when Mary Magdalene (this is a holy follower of Christ) told Emperor Tiberius the news about the resurrection of Christ and at that very moment she brought the egg to him as a gift. But the emperor did not believe this and said that the egg would sooner change color than the dead one would rise again. After these words, the egg turned red. Since then colored egg is considered a symbol of eternal life, and painting and decorating eggs for Easter has become a tradition of many peoples.

I will show you samples of straw-encrusted eggs (Appendix 2)

You already know that the art of straw mosaic originated in Belarus and more recently, altar doors made in the 18th century were discovered in 2 abandoned churches in the Brest region of Belarus. So these truly royal doors were inlaid with straw

The first tried to stick out of pieces of straw simplest pattern craftsmen - cabinetmakers who own the technique of mosaic wood finishing.

Inlay - decoration of products with straw patterns, pieces that are embedded in the surface and differ from it in color or material.

Grooves were cut out on a wooden base, into which straws were then glued.

encrust means cut.

The modern straw inlay technique differs from the old one in that its elements do not cut into the wooden base, but are glued onto its surface and this is called appliqué.

Marquetry - the background is completely closed.

intarsia - most of the base is open and serves as a background.

2. Types of ornament:

Geometric, floral, combined.

Display of samples of ornaments and works. (Appendix 3)

Students name the feast of Easter

IV. Consolidation of new material.

front poll.

What types of applications do you know?

What is the name of the type of application in which most of the background is open?

What are the types of ornaments?

Students answer:

marquetry, intarsia.

Students answer: intarsia.

Students answer:

geometric, floral, combined.

V. Practical work.

1. Drawing up a geometric ornament. Choose an ornament from technological map(Appendix 4).

2. Cutting out appliqué details. Straws are easily cut with scissors into rectangular segments, squares, rhombuses. It is more difficult to cut triangles and pyramids out of it. It is almost impossible to use ornamental drawings with elements of a circle, oval, semicircle.

3. Sticking appliqué details on a cardboard strip

After selecting a drawing and marking it, begin to paste over the product, gradually cutting out the necessary geometric shapes sticking to the right place.

4. Self-control actions:

During work, monitor posture;

The details of the appliqué should be symmetrically arranged;

Apply the adhesive evenly, in moderation, immediately after gluing

Remove adhesive residue with a tissue.

Pasting a product with a geometric pattern can only be good when it is done exactly according to the markup, the same shape and the same size.

Students choose an ornament from the technological map.

Cut out the details and stick them on a strip of cardboard.

VI. Summing up the lesson.

1. Cleaning jobs.

2. Analysis of work.

3. Reflection (Appendix 5).

Isle of Disappointment

Island of bad luck

Island of misunderstanding

Hope Island

Island Have a good mood

Students clean the workplace, put the remains of straw ribbons, tools, devices in boxes, analyze the work done and fill out the questionnaire.

Appendix

Isle of Disappointment

Island of bad luck

Island of misunderstanding

Hope Island

Feel Good Island

Appendix 1

Safety precautions when working with scissors

1. Store the scissors in the specified location in the specified position.

2. When working, carefully monitor the direction of cutting.

3. Do not use blunt scissors or loose hinges.

4. Do not hold scissors with the blade up.

5. Do not leave scissors with open blades.

6. Do not cut with scissors on the go.

7. Do not approach a friend during work.

8. Pass the closed scissors rings forward.

9. While working, hold the material with your left hand so that your fingers are away from the blade.

Straw inlay

Straw inlay is an applique of small repeating details that are used as a decorative material. In all likelihood, cabinetmakers were the first to try to glue the simplest pattern out of pieces of straw; they mastered the technique of mosaic wood finishing - marquetry and intarsia. The essence of marquetry is that details in the form of elements cut from thin chips are glued to the surface of a wooden product. Occasionally in museums you can find the earliest samples of products inlaid with straw, which date back to the 18th century.

Modern straw inlay is characterized by the fact that individual elements do not cut into the wooden base, but are only glued to its surface. Each element, carved from the straw, rises above the background. Only in some cases are the elements tightly fitted to each other, but usually most of the base remains open and serves as a background. Whereas in inlay (in the true sense of the word) for each straw element of the pattern, it would be necessary to cut out a special nest into which it is then glued. The word "inlay" means cutting out (from the Italian "incrustio" - to cut). This technique is based on the remarkable property of the straw: depending on the change in the angle of view, the pattern pasted out of it shimmers like mother-of-pearl. This effect is explained by the heterogeneity of the straw tissue structure. From under the transparent glossy film on the surface of the culms, striated fibers appear, running along the trunk. They reflect light rays depending on their angle of inclination with respect to the light source. When the straw is turned so that the light glides along the fibers, it appears dark, as if quenched. When the light falls perpendicular to the fibers, the straw, as it were, glows due to the reflected rays. This natural phenomenon can be easily simulated by placing straw plates at different angles. In order to decorate a small product with inlay, it must be pasted over with many tens or hundreds of elements cut out of straw with different directions of fibers. And if you slightly turn the object inlaid with straw, the inlay will flicker and begin to shimmer.

The main tool used for inlaying with straws is a joint knife. It is advisable to have at your disposal several knives with different blade angles, which can be made from old scalpels or hacksaw blades. For the handle, it is better to take durable and uniform hardwood: birch, beech, pear, apple. For a glued knife handle, you need two boards about 7 mm thick, with carefully polished wide edges - they should fit snugly against each other.

On the polished edge of one or two planks, cut out a nest in the shape of a hacksaw blade. When assembling, put the canvas into the finished nest, grease the edges with carpentry or epoxy glue, firmly clamp the planks in a vice. After the glue dries, the boards form a monolithic wooden block. It must be processed to make the future handle comfortable and beautiful shape. The handle should gradually taper towards the blade, and have a beveled end on top, which is necessary for smoothing the glued straws.

To apply various parallel lines to the inlaid product, you can use factory-made or own production. A thickness gauge is a block with through holes, one or two rods are inserted into it with strong needles driven in at the ends. A hole should be located perpendicular to the rods, a wedge is driven into it, fixing the rods with needles in the desired position.

Straws are split into strips of the same width using special cutters, which look like a round wooden stick with two thin needles at the end (points outward). The distance between the needles should be equal to the width of the straw strips. It is necessary to have several cutters with different distances between the tips of the needles. To split the straw simultaneously into 2-3 identical strips, you need to use a cutter with 3-4 needles driven in at an equal distance from each other.

Inlay - a kind of surface decoration method, in which the decor elements are partially buried in the surface being decorated and create a single plane with it.

This is a glueless way to make a composition. If we approach strictly the understanding of the term "inlay", then in relation to working with straws this is not entirely accurate, because inlay involves preparing a nest for a recessed element, but due to the small thickness of the straw part and the peculiar way it is fixed on the surface, it is customary to call the application of a straw pattern on wood inlay, and on paper, textiles - appliqué.

By technology There are two types of inlay:

Ground inlay

Lacquer inlay.

Ground inlay. To prepare the soil in an oilcloth in a water bath, a composition is prepared: carpentry glue - 400 g, water - 500 g, aniline dye - 8 g, glycerin - 40 g, soap shavings - 8 g.

Glue is poured cold water for 6-12 hours. Then boil until softened. Add dye, glycerin, shavings, stirring for 20-30 minutes, bring to a boil, but do not boil.

The solution should be viscous, but flow freely from the brush, forming a drop on the surface of the wood. The finished solution is filtered through a fine sieve or gauze. Apply with a brush or spray no more than 2 times. Each layer is dried for 4-5 hours, the first is polished along the fibers with a fine sandpaper. The primed surface must be well sanded, smooth and shiny, dry.

The principle of inlay "on the ground". The place where it is necessary to stick the inlay element cut out of straw is lightly moistened with water using a brush or finger. Due to the glycerin and soap contained in it, the wetted soil swells almost instantly and becomes sticky. While it retains its viscosity, a part cut from a straw is pressed against it and smoothed. It is rubbed on top with the end of the handle of the knife-jamb. After some time, the soil hardens again and firmly grasps the straw planted on it.

When inlaying on lacquer pre-lacquer is applied with a brush, swab or spray at least twice along and across the fibers (NTs 218, 221, 222, 228). Each layer is well dried. Since the varnish used for the primer is transparent, wood products are pre-painted with various stains, aniline (textile) dyes, gouache paints, and ink. To enhance the adhesion of wood to gouache, a little PVA glue is added to it. Straw parts are glued with a mixture of nitro-lacquer and solvent in a ratio of 1: 3. A drop of the composition is applied with a brush at the intended location of the element, thereby softening the varnish layer and making it viscous, capable of holding a straw plate. At the same time, the brush and scalpel are held in one hand, changing their position as needed. At this moment, the tip of a straw strip is placed on it and a rhombus, square, triangle, etc. is cut off from it (depending on need). subject. Also stick the next and all other elements of the pattern. At the same time, they make sure that the corners of the geometric straw figures coincide with the applied auxiliary lines.

The main types of drawing construction in inlay

A) rapport construction - grids of squares or rhombuses are filled with pattern elements

B) symmetrical construction - the location of the same type of elements relative to the horizontal or vertical axis, when the pattern is repeated with a rotation of 180 degrees.

C) ornamental ribbons - consist of the same elements, can be repeated or alternated, can be arranged according to the principle of decreasing or increasing rhythm

D) centric construction - the elements of the pattern are located on the same straight line, but in different directions from the center point

D) free distribution of the pattern over the entire surface. They are used in asymmetric compositions, more often of a plot nature.

Inlay technology

Basic tool, used when inlaying with straws - a knife-jamb. The master should have several knives with different blade angles at his disposal. It is necessary that the handle gradually narrows towards the blade, and has a beveled end on top - it is used to smooth out the glued straws.

When applying all kinds of parallel lines to the inlaid product, thicknessers are used, both factory-made and home-made. The thickness gauge consists of a block with through holes, into which one or two rods are inserted with strong needles driven in at the ends.

To split the straw into strips of the same width, special cutters are used. Each cutter is a round wooden stick, at the end of which are two thin needles with their points outward. The distance between them should be equal to the width of the straw strips. You need to have several such cutters with different distances between the tips of the needles. To split the straw into two or three identical strips at once, use a cutter with three or four needles driven in at an equal distance from each other.

To cut out the same elements of the pattern from straw, having the shape of a circle, oval, flower, etc., special punches made of steel tubes are used. Straw elements are pushed out of punches and thick wire.

Glue or varnish is applied to the inlaid surface with a soft brush knitted from squirrel hair. To make the brush comfortable to hold in your hand, its length should be no more than 150 mm.

Basic working methods

Markup. The drawing is not transferred to the background. Mark the main lines of the drawing with a compass and ruler, using a thin needle. Circles and arcs are marked with a compass or meter.

stem splitting. The straw is split, smoothed into a tape, and then divided lengthwise into strips of the required width. With the help of cutters, calibrated, that is, having a certain width, strips are cut from the prepared material.

Preparation of elements. Identical elements of future patterns (rhombuses, triangles, squares, trapeziums and parallelograms) are cut off from the calibrated strips with a joint knife on a wooden scoring board or directly on the inlaid surface. The straw strip is pressed against the wood surface with the left hand, and the joint knife and brush are held in the right hand at the same time.

encrust, starting with the main element (socket), gradually moving to the right, up, left.

The main motifs of inlay

chains- narrow tapes consisting of homogeneous or repeating geometric elements. Distinguish chains simple- made up of the same elements complex- consisting of elements different, but repeating in a certain rhythm. Complex chains are usually slightly wider.

Border- a pattern for decorating the edges and side walls of products. It is built from combinations of individual geometric elements that form the main pattern (sometimes simple and complex)

roseta- a conventionally depicted open flower of 5-8 petals. Rosettes fill the squares of the grids, but they can be the middle of the patterns. Rosettes are marked with a compass, limiting the circumference of the edges of the petals and dividing it into equal parts according to the number of petals.

Grids- planes divided into cells various shapes narrow straw strips or chains that form the rapport nature of the ornament and are the basis for the development of more complex ornamental patterns. To make grids, thin strips (1-3 mm) are glued first horizontally, then vertically, cutting at the intersections.

decking– areas completely covered with straw strips located in different directions

Plant and zoomorphic motifs- stylized images of plants and parts, as well as animals and humans. In inlay, they have a stylized geometric shape.

The final finishing of the inlay involves the removal of traces of markings, glue stains, as well as subsequent varnishing of the work. At the same time, the surface of the straw acquires a protective layer, becomes more glossy and bright, and the varnish layer masks the traces of marking with a needle.