Soft toy. What should be a useful children's toy? What should be the annotation on the toy

MOU "Mogoytuy secondary school No. 2"

Research.

Subject:

Completed by: Baradieva Seseg

2nd grade student

Head: Batoeva Dorzhopagma

Batomunkuevna

Primary school teacher

town Mogoytuy

2015

Content:

Soft toy (brief summary)………………………….3p.

Soft toy (abstract)……………………………………4p.

Research plan:

The history of the creation of a soft toy……………………………5str.

The value of a soft toy in human life…………………7p.

Safety measures when creating a soft toy…………8str.

Creating a soft toy using a pattern……………9p.

Testing………………………………………………………………………………………11p.

Conclusion………………………………………………………..12p.

References……………………………………………….13p.

Appendix.

Soft toy.

Brief annotation.

The most popular type of toy is soft, it is liked by children and adults, girls and boys. But if a funny toy causes a kind smile in an adult, then for a child aged from one to ten years, a toy is his companion, his friend. Children subconsciously consider toys as their friends.

There are millions of people in the world and we are all different, but there is something in common that unites us all. All of us once played or still play with toys! Each of us had or has a favorite teddy bear, a shabby hare, we do not part with a new model of an airplane or dress up our favorite doll endlessly. So it was and probably always will be.

So what is the soft toy that brings us all together? Soft toy - a children's toy made of faux fur, fabric and stuffed material. Previously, straw, sawdust, shavings, cotton wool, and cotton fibers were used for stuffing. Now modern materials are used: synthetic winterizer, synthetic granules.

Soft toy.

Annotation.

I have a huge variety of toys: rattles that have been preserved since when I was very small, plastic and many soft toys. One day, my mother offered to sew a soft toy with her own hands.

Is it possible? - I was surprised.

It became interesting to me how the emergence of soft toys begins, what significance they have for a person, because, despite the fact that in the modern world there are many different modern toys, such as computers, computer games, we still play with soft toys. And most of all I wondered how we would sew a toy and what we would end up with!

Purpose of the study:

Create a soft toy with your own hands.

Tasks:

To study the history of the creation of a soft toy;

Learn about the importance of soft toys in human life;

Learn about safety measures when sewing;

Learn how to sew a soft toy using a pattern;

Conduct testing;

Analyze the results.

Research plan.

The history of the creation of soft toys.

Did you know that toys are as old as the world? Yes, you were not mistaken.

As historical data and archaeological excavations show, the very first toys appeared long before our era in the cave of a primitive man. At first, these were pebbles hewn in the form of some kind of animal. Then they began to sculpt from clay. The tusks of dead mammoths were also used to make toys. Later, when a person learned to process wood, wooden toys appeared.

Many toys depicting a mammoth, a rhinoceros, a bear were found on the territory of Siberia. The same toys were found on the territory of modern Ukraine and other regions. A large number of ancient toys are found in China.

In Russia there was a wide variety of pupae. The very first pupae were made from ash. Another very ancient doll "haircut" is known. It was made from cut grass.

What about soft toys? Of all types of toys, soft toys are the latest in time of occurrence. Soft toys are models of animals that caring mothers sewed for their children from multi-colored patches and stuffed them with cotton wool or cloth.

Rag dolls were made in Russia, but is it interesting to play tied knots? Then a soft toy appears. So cozy and kind, loved by us since childhood, the best gift with or without a reason. Invented a soft toy for mom. Despite the fact that caring mothers themselves began to make soft rag dolls and animals for their children, probably from the very moment the fabric appeared in people's lives, a soft toy entered industrial production later than all other toys. It happened in the 19th century. And already at the beginning of the 20th century, almost every inhabitant of the earth dreamed of acquiring a soft teddy bear for himself. The most popular soft toy is a teddy bear named Teddy. Plush is a traditional material for soft toys. In modern times, the material has changed a little. Faux fur became widely available, so plush was replaced.

The soft toy is also popular in the 21st century, when children play computer games, are addicted to barbies, ninja turtles and other childhood idols. But still, the most favorite toy remains a shabby teddy bear, which may have been inherited from an older brother or sister, or even from parents.

Currently, manufacturers offer a huge variety of soft toys that it is difficult to divide them into types, but the main ones can be distinguished:

A simple toy that does not have any mechanisms.

Musical, contains a sewn-in electronic device that makes sounds when you press the built-in button.

Soft books, on the pages of such books scenes from life are depicted in the form of applications. Designed for the youngest readers.

Beanbag. A soft toy with a rattle inside.

Cubes and balls. Soft cubes and balls differ from ordinary ones only in materials and sizes.

Purpose of a soft toy in human life.

We are very attached to our favorite soft toy and just don’t want to part with it ever. This toy accompanies us almost everywhere. No matter how many other interesting toys we have, only this one remains the most beloved and no one can force us to part with that toy. Soft toys are intended to help the child form an emotional response to positive tactile sensations. Soft toys also help develop a child's sense of affection and empathy. Each touch on the warm, soft and slightly rough surface of a soft toy causes pleasant sensations for us and gives him a sense of security.

Soft toy gives joy:

For children - it does not allow you to feel lonely, it drives away sadness and boredom! She gives children the magical world of a fairy tale, where amazing miracles happen!

Parents - joyful smiles. Moms and dads admire us playing with a toy. She is a faithful assistant in the development and education of the child from birth.

Safety measures when sewing.

In any production in any profession, there are security measures, whether it be construction, engineering, medicine, training, etc. Even at home, we observe safety measures: in the kitchen, we know that, in order not to get burned when removing the pot or kettle from the stove, there are potholders. Flammable objects should not be placed near the fire, and we subconsciously observe many other safety rules.

When creating (sewing), it is imperative to observe safety measures:

When sewing by hand, always use the correct size needle;

Be sure to use a thimble so as not to prick;

Use scissors only on the table, so as not to cut yourself and not accidentally cut your clothes;

Do not use razors, knives or other sharp objects;

Work in a well-lit room.

Soft toy with your own hands.

A handmade soft toy is not only an exciting activity, it is always a great mood at the end of the work.

How to sew a soft toy yourself? To sew a soft toy ourselves, we need:

Strong threads of different colors,

Pieces of fabric of various sizes

Sintepon for filling toys,

Different needles, scissors and a thimble,

Chalk or pen

Pattern.

So, let's begin.

Stage number 1. Pattern.

On the Internet, we found a pattern of a lamb. Why sheep? The sheep is a symbol of the coming 2015 according to the lunar calendar, so I decided that the soft toy I sewed in the form of a sheep will become the talisman of our house for this year.

We transferred (copied) the pattern onto thick paper, making all the necessary notes (body, leg, ears, etc.) so as not to get confused in the details. Cut out using scissors and only on the table(Appendix No. 1).

Stage number 2. Cutting details.

Mom found an old beige blouse with a little pile, reminiscent of sheep's wool. We cut it open, and we will use it for the main parts of the body. And for the muzzle, small shreds of dark gray fabric. All fabrics have been washed and ironed.

On the prepared fabric of beige flowers I lay out the details of the pattern: the back of the head, arms, legs, so that all the details fit. I circle the details, while retreating from the edge of the pattern around the circumference by 5 millimeters, for seams(Appendix No. 1). I cut out.

I lay out parts of the muzzle on a gray fabric, observing all the rules. I cut out(Appendix No. 2).

Stage number 3. Stitching details.

I sweep away all the cut out parts, observing the safety rules from the wrong side(Appendix No. 3). When sweeping, be sure to use a thimble so as not to prick.

Now, along the sour cream line, you need to sew the details with a sewing machine. I still don’t know how to sew on a sewing machine, so my mother helped me in this matter. Stitched parts must be turned right side out (Appendix No. 4).

Stage number 4. Filling.

Now various materials are used for filling, such as synthetic granules, synthetic winterizer. Mom suggested using the most accessible material - synthetic winterizer. I fill the parts carefully so that no lumps form(Appendix No. 5). As a result, I got parts of a soft toy ready for assembly.

Stage number 5. Assembly of parts of a soft toy.

We assemble the parts manually, using a needle, thread and a thimble. Buttons were used for fastening(Appendix No. 6).

Stage number 6. Eyes and clothes.

At the very last turn, we sew clothes for toys and make eyes(Appendix No. 7). My mother helped me with this.

Stage number 7. Names.

My handmade toys are ready!

Testing.

It became interesting to me - do the guys like to play with toys, and if so, what toys do they prefer to play with. To do this, I decided to interview my peers.

Questionnaire:

1. Do you have a favorite toy?

Yes; -No.

2. What kind of toy (type)?

soft; - plastic.

3. Which toy do you prefer (manufacturing)?

Branded; - self-made?

52 people took part in my survey, students of grades 2 "B" and 2 "G" of MSSH No. 2.

As a result of the survey, the guys found out that:

Of the 52 children surveyed, everyone has a favorite toy.

38 people have a favorite toy - soft and 15 people - plastic.

30 children prefer to play with branded toys, and 22 people prefer home-made ones.

Conclusion.

While working on a research paper, I did the followingfindings :

I learned about the history of soft toys.

Now I know how important soft toys are.

When sewing, be sure to observe safety measures!

We sewed soft toys for three days. Products are made in accordance with the purpose of the project. A do-it-yourself soft toy is not only an exciting and interesting activity, it is always positive emotions and a great mood at the end of the work.

As a result of a survey of children, I found out if they have favorite toys and what toys they prefer to play with.

At the end of the research work, I can confidently formulate a hypothesis:

A soft toy created with your own hands is more expensive, closer, more beloved!

I advise everyone to try to sew their own soft toy!

Bibliography.

Lavrova S. Russian toys, fun. - M .: White City, 2007. - 48s.

Arkin E.A. From the history of toys. // Preschool education, 1995, No. 3. - 815s.

Ed. Kossakovskaya E.A. A toy in a child's life. - M .: Education, 1980. - 64 p.

Lokshin A. Toys of the ancient world. // Preschool education, 1976, No. 3 - 8s.

Abramenkova V. What do our children play? // Education of schoolchildren. - 1998. No. 4 - 34 p.

Internet resources:

http://www.mirtilda.ru//

http://www.tildes.ru//

http://www.iuntiki.ru/blog/igrushka/

Application No. 1.

Pattern

We found an old blouse and laid out a pattern on the fabric.

Application number 2.

Cut out the cut out parts of the toy.

Application No. 3.

Previously, the parts were swept away by hand.

Application No. 4.

Stitched the pieces on a sewing machine.

Application No. 5.

We stuff the details of the toy with stuffed materials, we used a synthetic winterizer.

Application No. 6.

We sew together all the details.

Application No. 7.

It remains to sew clothes for our toys and give them names.

For clothing, we also found small scraps of fabric.

Keywords

GAME ACTIVITY/ TOY / GAME ENVIRONMENT / PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SAFETY

annotation scientific article on health sciences, author of scientific work - Lyubov Ivanovna Ulitina

This article touches upon the problem of compliance of a children's toy with the requirements for it. The necessity of quality control of children's toys for preschool children is emphasized. A generalized characteristic of the significance of the examination of children's toys is given. Psychological and pedagogical criteria for the selection of children's toys for preschool children are considered. An analysis of toys for preschool children is given in terms of their psychological and pedagogical safety . With the beginning of the development of the production of children's toys, their range has increased significantly. Toys of the new generation have become more diverse, technologically advanced and detailed, significantly different from traditional ones. As a result, the demands placed on them have increased. Toys must comply with the sanitary and hygienic requirements prescribed in SanPin 2.4.1.3049-13 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the arrangement, maintenance and organization of the working hours of preschool educational institutions” (approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of May 15, 2013 No. 26). This document contains requirements for the materials from which toys are made, requirements directly for toys, as well as for their use in the pedagogical process of a preschool educational institution. Since the toy is an integral part of the developing subject-spatial environment, then compliance with the psychological and pedagogical requirements must be mandatory. But, unfortunately, at present there is no unified comprehensive system for assessing the psychological safety of gambling aids. Therefore, it is rather difficult to talk about what specific qualities a toy should have in order for it to be useful for a child. It should be recognized that among the large number of modern children's play aids, there are those with which games can adversely affect the development of children. Therefore, when organizing a child's play environment both at home and in a preschool educational institution, it is very important to understand and determine the pedagogical potential of toys. Thus, the question of the implementation of the psychological and pedagogical examination of toys is very relevant. The verification process takes into account the sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic properties of toys, as well as their possible impact on the development of children. Russian and foreign scientists are actively engaged in the study of children's toys, assessing their quality. But it is worth noting that in different countries, experts have noticeable disagreements in relation to the examination of gaming products. Toys began to be perceived not only as a subject for games, but also as a way for self-expression and development of the child. The need to control the quality of children's play aids led scientists to create expert centers. Currently, the most famous are the Moscow Center for the Psychological and Pedagogical Expertise of Toys, Games and Game Materials at the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education and the public center for the expertise of toys "Spiel gut" in Germany. A characteristic feature of these centers is their independence from manufacturers and the market of goods. As mentioned earlier, the toy must meet certain requirements. In this study, we used methodological recommendations that were developed on the basis of the Federal Institute for the Development of Education of the Russian Academy of Education. Scientists have formulated specific characteristics of the negative impact and uniform principles for the selection of play products for preschool children. From this point of view, let's analyze some toys from the assortment of the Detsky Mir online store: the dog VIP IMC Toys Alex from the Vip Pets game set and the MLP Equestria Girls doll rock star Twilight Sparkle. According to the criteria, play products should not pose physical, psychological and moral risks to children. So, the toy from the Vip Pets game set has no pronounced physical risks. But there is a psychological risk, which consists in the disproportion of the toy. The toy fully corresponds to the gender and age characteristics of children, height, body weight and hand size, which satisfies the anatomical and physiological requirements. It should be noted that it serves only as an object of entertainment, not allowing the child to develop creatively and intellectually during the game. Thus, this toy cannot be considered completely safe and necessary for preschool children. Another toy taken for analysis is a common example of a figurative toy. This is a doll made based on the famous children's series "My Little Pony". This toy has a visible physical risk, which is caused by a sharp flicker of light, and a psychological risk, due to skin and hair color that is unusual for people. So, this toy is also not completely safe, as it corresponds to reality to a small extent. At present, it is not easy to find toys that are beneficial for children, developing them comprehensively. But still such toys, of course, exist. For example, the world-famous LEGO constructor, which is a set for creativity from a number of classic plastic cubes, as well as other special details. Another example of an educational toy is a floor puzzle. This is an interesting and educational game for children over 2 years old. The value of such a toy lies in the fact that it helps to develop sensory skills, associative thinking and attention of children. In conclusion, I would like to note that all toys offered to children must be repeatedly checked for compliance with the requirements put forward to them. This is necessary because the presence of any deviations from the requirements may adversely affect the health and development of children.

The text of the scientific work on the topic "Psychological and pedagogical requirements for a modern children's toy"

Psychological and pedagogical requirements for a modern children's toy

Ulitina Lyubov Ivanovna

Saratov National Research State University named after N.G.

Chernyshevsky, Saratov

Keywords:

Game activity, toy, game environment, psychological and pedagogical safety Abstract.

With the beginning of the development of the production of children's toys, their range has increased significantly. New generation toys have become more diverse, technologically advanced and detailed, significantly different from traditional ones. As a result, the demands placed on them have increased. Toys must comply with the sanitary and hygienic requirements prescribed in SanPin 2.4.1.3049-13 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the arrangement, maintenance and organization of the working hours of preschool educational institutions" (approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated May 15, 2013 No. 26) . This document contains requirements for the materials from which toys are made, requirements directly for toys, as well as for their use in the pedagogical process of a preschool educational institution. Since a toy is an integral part of a developing subject-spatial environment, then compliance with psychological and pedagogical requirements should be mandatory. But, unfortunately, at present there is no unified comprehensive system for assessing the psychological safety of gambling aids. Therefore, it is quite difficult to talk about what specific qualities a toy should have in order for it to be useful for a child.

It should be recognized that among the large number of modern children's play aids, there are those with which games can adversely affect the development of children. Therefore, when organizing a child's play environment both at home and in a preschool educational institution, it is very important to understand and determine the pedagogical potential of toys. Thus, the question of the implementation of the psychological and pedagogical examination of toys is very relevant. The verification process takes into account the sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic properties of toys, as well as their possible impact on the development of children. Russian and foreign scientists are actively engaged in the study of children's toys, assessing their quality. But it is worth noting that in different countries, experts have noticeable disagreements in relation to the examination of gaming products. Toys began to be perceived not only as a subject for games, but also as a way for self-expression and development of the child.

The need to control the quality of children's play aids led scientists to create expert centers. Currently, the most famous are the Moscow Center for the Psychological and Pedagogical Expertise of Toys, Games and Game Materials at the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education and the public center for the expertise of toys "Spiel gut" in Germany. A characteristic feature of these centers is their independence from manufacturers and the market of goods.

As mentioned earlier, the toy must meet certain requirements. In this study, we used methodological recommendations that were developed on the basis of the Federal Institute for the Development of Education of the Russian Academy of Education. Scientists have formulated specific characteristics of the negative impact and uniform principles for the selection of play products for preschool children.

From this point of view, we will analyze some toys from the assortment of the Detsky Mir online store: the dog VIP IMC Toys Alex from the Vip Pets play set and the MLP Equestria Girls doll rock star Twilight Sparkle. According to the criteria, play products should not pose physical, psychological and moral risks to children. So, the toy from the Vip Pets game set has no pronounced physical risks. But there is a psychological risk, which consists in the disproportion of the toy. The toy fully corresponds to the gender and age characteristics of children, height, body weight and hand size, which satisfies the anatomical and physiological requirements. It should be noted that it serves only as an object of entertainment, not allowing the child to develop creatively and intellectually during the game. Thus, this toy cannot be considered completely safe and necessary for preschool children.

Another toy taken for analysis is a common example of a figurative toy. This is a doll made based on the famous children's series "My Little Pony". This toy has a visible physical risk, which is caused by a sharp flicker of light, and a psychological risk, due to skin and hair color that is unusual for people. So, this toy is also not completely safe, as it corresponds to reality to a small extent.

At present, it is not easy to find toys that are beneficial for children, developing them comprehensively. But still such toys, of course, exist. For example, the world-famous LEGO constructor, which is a set for creativity from a number of classic plastic cubes, as well as other special details. Another example of an educational toy is a floor puzzle. This is an interesting and educational game for children over 2 years old. The value of such a toy lies in the fact that it helps to develop sensory skills, associative thinking and attention of children. In conclusion, I would like to note that all toys offered to children must be repeatedly checked for compliance with the requirements put forward to them. This is necessary because the presence of any deviations from the requirements may adversely affect the health and development of children.

Bibliography:

1. Gorina L.V. 2014. Development of preschool education in Russia at the turn of the XX - XXI centuries // Scientific Review: Humanitarian Studies. No. 7. S. 47-53.

2. Karabanova O.A. Organization of a developing subject-spatial environment in accordance with the federal state educational standard of preschool education / O.A. Karabanova, E.F. Alieva, O.R. Radionova, P.D. Rabinovich, E.M. Marich. M.: FIRO, 2014. 96s.

3. Savenkov A.I. 2015.Psychological and pedagogical examination of toys as a condition for the cognitive and personal development of the child // Bulletin of the Moscow City Pedagogical University. Series: Pedagogy and psychology. No. 1 (31). pp. 8-17.

4. Smirnova E.O. 2010. Toys of children of Europe // Psychological science and education. No. 5. S. 106-117.

Among the variety of children's toys it is easy to get lost. At the same time, a children's toy should not only please the child and be interesting to him, but also suit his age, be safe, and meet many regulations and standards.

The eve of the holidays is a time for choosing and buying gifts. Children's toys should be treated with special passion, since when choosing a gift for a child, you need to take into account many points at once.

What to buy?

You do not know what exactly to buy as a gift, but the child has no obvious hobbies yet? Focus on age. So, children under one year old usually buy rattles, small plush toys, medium-sized cubes and pyramids of rings. For children from one to three years old, you can choose toy dishes, plasticine, mosaics or washable paints.

For children over three years old, drawing tools are suitable, such as a board and crayons, paints and felt-tip pens, and you can also buy various development kits. An almost win-win option is dolls with accessories, soldiers and cars, as well as toys in the form of animals or cartoon characters. Older children, already after six years, will be interested in radio-controlled car models, complex small designers, dolls and realistic accessories, board games, puzzles, machine guns, pistols, military figures, noise musical instruments.

Rules for choosing children's toys

When choosing a toy, look at it and examine it, read everything that is written on the package. It is important to pay attention to:

Material. The toy must be made of safe materials. Do not buy toys made from natural fur and tree bark, and leather toys are not recommended for children under 3 years of age. When choosing soft toys, it is worth remembering that they must have a dense and well-stitched pile, as they can shed. Bacteria also accumulate in soft toys, and they can become a source of infections, so this is not the best option for the smallest children and those who are prone to allergic reactions.

shape. The toy must be free of sharp protruding parts, burrs and sharp corners that the child can get hurt on.

Colour which should be as natural as possible. Firstly, this does not violate the child's understanding of the real world, and secondly, toys of "poisonous flowers" can scare children and contain "toxic" dyes. It is also worth avoiding black and bright red toys, they can be poorly perceived by the child.

When choosing, it should be borne in mind that up to 4 months, children see yellow best, then orange and red, and by 6 months they distinguish almost all colors of the rainbow.

Smell. Feel free to sniff the toy right in the store. It should not have a persistent unpleasant odor, and if it does, then it is made of "toxic" materials.

instruction, which is worth studying in advance, even before buying. Instructions for the correct use of the toy may be on the toy itself, on the packaging and on the label, or in the form of an insert.

The instructions should include the following information:

about the need to assemble and install the toy by an adult (for toys that should not be assembled by a child);
by the presence of parts that potentially pose a danger to the child in case of improper installation of the toy (for a slide with a sliding board, hanging swings, rings, trapezoids, ropes, etc.);
toy operation and safety precautions;
warning about the possibility of accidents if safety precautions are not observed;
an indication of the storage of the toy in places not accessible to children under the age of 3 years;
about the need for regular checks of the main elements of toys (suspension devices, fasteners, braces);
instructions for using the toy with care to avoid falls or collisions that cause injury;
recommendations on the use of protective equipment: helmets, gloves, elbow pads, knee pads (for toys - roller skates and skateboards).

Warning labels. Pay attention to the rules for the safe use of toys.

for example:

“Not recommended for children under 3 years old” - on toys that are dangerous for children under 3 years old;
"Attention! Use only under the direct supervision of adults” - on functional toys that are dangerous for children;
"Carefully! To avoid the possibility of entangling the child, remove the toy when the child begins to rise on his hands and knees!” - on toys used in a cradle, baby bed or stroller.

Topics. Buy toys that will not harm the psyche of the child. Psychologists do not recommend buying children different monsters, mutants, etc.

realism. Rospotrebnadzor experts recommend choosing toys that look like real animals or people so that the child can draw an analogy.

Sound- it should not irritate the ear and scare the child. If the toy has musical accompaniment, listen to all the tunes before buying and make sure that the baby is not scared. In addition, pay attention to the volume of the sound or the possibility of adjusting it.

By the way, when buying musical wind toys, pay attention to the places for contact with the lips of children - they should be made of easily disinfected materials that do not absorb moisture.

Details. Non-removable parts of toys made of hard materials, such as metals, wood or plastic, must be installed so that the child cannot grasp them with his teeth. If the parts are separated from the toy, then they should not have sharp edges and ends.

Child's age. When choosing a toy, be sure to pay attention to the age for which the toy is intended. In accordance with clause 3.4 of SanPiN 2.4.7.007-93, information on the age of children must be indicated on the consumer packaging or insert, for which a particular game or toy is intended, in particular:

up to a year (early);
from one to 3 years (nursery);
from 3 years to 6 years (preschool);
from 6 years to 10 years (junior school);
from 10 years to 14 years (secondary school).

Where do you buy toys?. Buy toys in specialized stores, do not buy toys "by hand" in places of unauthorized trade.

For the little ones

Rattles for infants have special requirements. In particular, they must not be painted or painted and must not weigh more than 100 grams. Choose dense and durable rattles - this is especially important if there is liquid inside the toy. Parts intended to come into contact with the lips of children should be made of materials that are easily disinfected and do not absorb moisture.

Consumer Rights

The buyer has the right to exchange a non-food product of good quality for a similar product from the seller from whom this product was purchased, if the product did not fit in shape, size, style, color, size or configuration. This requirement also applies to children's toys, in accordance with Art. 25 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Protection of Consumer Rights". You can change the non-food type of goods of good quality within 14 days, not counting the day of its purchase.

But it is worth remembering that the exceptions are electronic toys and non-periodical publications for children, such as books, brochures, albums, cartographic and musical publications, sheet art publications, calendars, booklets, publications reproduced on technical media of appropriate quality. These items cannot be returned or exchanged.

If, after the purchase, you have found shortcomings in the toy you have chosen, then you, as a consumer, have the right:

demand to replace the toy with a similar one (of the same model or article);
demand a replacement for the same product of a different brand (model, article) with a corresponding recalculation of the purchase price;
demand a commensurate reduction in the price (cost of the toy);
demand immediate and free of charge elimination of defects in the goods or reimbursement of expenses for their correction by the consumer or a third party;

Anna Trukhova
Abstract of the children's toy "LEGO DUPLO"

ABSTRACT OF CHILDREN'S TOY« LEGO DUPLO».

Nowadays there is a huge choice toys and no matter how strange it may sound, but it is becoming more and more difficult for parents to choose what to give a child to a toy was not only aesthetically attractive, but also developing. I also faced the same problem.

Choosing toy for daughter(Vika is 3 years old, my choice fell on the children's designer« LEGO DUPLO". First of all, I started from her preferences in games, and then, like any parent, on the ethical and aesthetic characteristics, operational and technical characteristics and her developmental potential in the game.

1. Ethical and aesthetic characteristics

The Lego company was founded by Kirk Christiansen in Denmark. In 1947, the first plastic a toy Lego and since then the Lego company has established itself as a quality manufacturer children's toys.

Lego "Hollow"- this Lego series specially created for kids attracts with its colorfulness, quality plastic, lack of small parts that can harm the child. Lego "Hollow" includes different characters; people, animals and cartoon characters familiar to children, as well as cars, trains, planes and doll houses and additional elements. The number of parts will allow the child to build buildings according to the attached schemes or build buildings according to their own design. All this will help the child to simulate different life situations.

2. Operational and technical characteristics

Lego "Hollow" has a certificate of quality, as well as an expert opinion. On the box indicated age limit from 2 to 5.

Material quality: The constructor is made of high-quality plastic, has no smell, is not brittle, does not leave paint marks after prolonged contact with the child's skin.

Execution quality: the toy is easy to handle. All elements are well fixed when connected, which allows the child to build tall buildings. The pasted pictures on the parts are of good quality, they are bright, with clear images and perfectly glued, the surface of the stickers is laminated.

Age-related operational opportunities: The constructor meets the declared age from 2 to 5. The child independently assembles the structure, based on the attached diagrams. All parts are light, the size of the cubes is not large, the daughter holds the parts well in her palm, there is no difficulty in attaching them, no adult help is required.

3. Developing potential of game action

At the Lego constructor "Hollow" I only see the positives.

The constructor does not require a lot of space, both for playing and for storing it. With this constructor, the child develops perseverance, imagination, spatial thinking, fine motor skills of hands, mental operations. So building houses, farms, zoos, etc. from blocks, a daughter from a very early age can learn to embody her ideas, develop her imagination and apply previously acquired knowledge. Walking down the street, you can draw her attention to the escaping building, and then apply what you see in the game with the designer. Given that there are characters in the kit, we can play with different plots for role-playing games.

The color scheme will help you learn colors, applied stickers with numbers will help you master counting, all this, of course, not without the help of an adult.

This designer can captivate not only a child, but also an adult.

In my opinion, this a toy meets all psychological and pedagogical requirements. I would recommend it to every parent with a toddler. The child can play both independently and together with the parents.

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A normal childhood is unthinkable without toys. Toys are the environment for the child, which, on the one hand, allows him to explore the world around him, form his creative abilities, express his feelings, and also teaches him to communicate and learn about himself. On the other hand, a toy is a product that an adult chooses and buys for his children. The selection of toys is a serious and responsible business. Not only the game of the child, but also the progress in his development depends on the success of this business.

Nowadays it is extremely difficult to choose a toy for a baby. Along with traditional dolls, bears, cars, balls, new, never seen before toys appeared - dinosaurs, transformers, spiders, Pokemon, etc. How to navigate in this sea of toy products? How to choose what your child needs? With the existing elements of the market, it is not easy to understand this. In most cases, toys are chosen and bought spontaneously, due to circumstances or external, superficial signs of a toy (attractiveness, size, cost, desire to please the baby). Parents either do not take into account the developing potential of the toy, its pedagogical “usefulness”, or completely trust the attached annotation, in which the manufacturer writes whatever he wants. As a result, children's rooms are often littered with the same type and, as a rule, useless (and sometimes harmful!) Toys, and there are nowhere necessary and important for children's development. Therefore, when choosing toys, it is extremely important to take into account not only their beauty and sanitary and hygienic properties, but also the possible psychological impact on the development of the child.

The main function of the toy is to enhance children's activities. The toy should stimulate meaningful activity of the child. When choosing a particular toy, you need to immediately imagine what your child will do with it.

It is quite obvious that children play with the toy. The best toys for a preschooler to play are those that stimulate role-playing and directorial play. For a role-playing game, it is good to have sets for playing a doctor, a hairdresser, a store, as well as costume details and attributes that help to accept and maintain a playing role (doctor's gown and headband, car steering wheel, police cap, little red cap, etc.) . This group also includes transport toys (trucks, trains, cars that allow something to be transported).

For a director's game, you need small and, if possible, cute toys that involve communicating or treating them like living characters - bears, bunnies, dogs - and of course dolls with all kinds of doll utensils. I would like to talk about dolls in more detail.

The fact is that recently the puppet world of our children is rapidly changing. More and more detailed and automated dolls appear, that is, as if living an independent life. For example, the choice of Barbies that have already become traditional today has been significantly expanded and specified: Barbie with a dog, Barbie on a bicycle, Barbie on skis, Barbie is a geography teacher, etc. In each version, an extensive set of appropriate accessories is attached to the doll (for example, a dog - leash, bowl, brush and even food). The child practically no longer needs to invent anything - you just need to open the box and use all this wealth for its intended purpose. The pinnacle of naturalism is a doll waiting for a baby: the "door" in the stomach opens, and from there a baby child comes out with all the anatomical details.

Most recently, Barbie has been "successfully" complemented by Bratz dolls. These dolls create an image of a tough, battered teenage girl, with bright makeup, languid eyes and defiant, trendy outfits. They also almost always come with a rich set of all kinds of attributes: a mirror, lipstick, mobile phone, PDA, unisex wardrobe, business lady accessories and furniture.

Baby dolls, which reproduce in detail a living baby (Baby born), are very popular with girls. A pink body with folds, bandaging and gender signs creates a complete illusion of a real newborn. They "know how" to eat and cope with natural needs. Such baby dolls are technically improving right before our eyes. They have growing teeth that can be "pushed" back, an inflated (and then shrinking) body. Particularly impressive are the interactive dolls and animals that begin to sing, dance, wave their arms and perform all sorts of funny actions on a specific command or signal, for example, a bear cub, a kitten or a puppy that can hug, wag its tail, recognize the voice of the owner and respond to it. "That's who will be your true friend!" - written in the annotation.

The so-called make-up kits are absolutely shocking. This is a female head (life-size or reduced copy) offered as a trainer for learning the art of makeup or hairdressing. Of course, accessories for creating hairstyles and makeup are also included. They are sometimes stored inside (!) the head, which opens like a hinged box, or even cut in half for ease of reunion and separation.

And quite a lot of such "new dolls" appeared. These are all kinds of transformers, and monsters, and Pokemon, etc. All of them have a certain attraction for both children and adults, they seem very modern, because they are well equipped technically, have a bright, sometimes shocking appearance and correspond to the latest fashion trends . How to relate to these novelties of the toy market from the point of view of child development? What are they bringing to the child? To answer these questions, you need to return to the essence of the puppet question and see what a puppet is and why a preschooler needs it.

A doll is, first of all, an image of a person. This toy most of all evokes and enlivens the child's idea of his own human nature. Therefore, a doll in children's play can and should act like a person. Playing with dolls, the baby is included in the world of people: he reflects his experience, especially what excites him, reproduces the actions of familiar people or fairy-tale characters. In such a game, on the one hand, the child puts his words, thoughts, experiences into the mouth and "organism" of the doll, that is, it is, as it were, an external expression of his inner world. On the other hand, the same doll sets the image of a person, which becomes for the baby a model for assimilation, a role model, and it is through the doll that ideas about a person and related categories (beautiful and ugly, good) "enter" into the soul and mind of the child. and bad, good and evil).

The preschooler sees himself in the doll. A child with a sufficiently developed imagination can represent the same person as cheerful, sad, tired, preoccupied, crafty, careless. The kid revives the doll, and she gains the ability to act and show her character. But imagination and fantasy require space. In this case, it is the absence of redundant details, the lack of details that are the fertile ground that nourishes the development of children's imagination.

What happens when a child has clearly fixed human images and a programmed way of behavior in a toy? The first is the inhibition of the imagination and independence of the child himself. Dolls with detailed faces, poses, accessories impose on the baby something once and for all given, determined in advance by someone - something that has nothing to do with his own game ideas. Children reproduce exactly the character of behavior that is expressed in the doll. The given image is so strong that it cannot be changed. So, playing with monsters is always a chase, a battle, a devouring. Playing with Barbie dolls is an endless series of dressing up and shopping, narcissism and rivalry. Playing with a baby robot turns into a training of conditioned reflexes: to make him laugh, you need to press on his head, to start dancing - swing once, cry - shake three times, etc.

The disadvantage of such dolls is not even that they are too naturalistic, that they have too pronounced aggressiveness or sexual characteristics, but that they deprive the child of the opportunity to act independently: invent, imagine and think, i.e. play. These dolls themselves offer strictly defined actions: what and how to wear, which button to press, what to feed, etc. Children only have to reproduce the proposed stereotypes of actions, which they do willingly. The main qualities that should be manifested and developed in children's games - freedom of action, emotional saturation, creative activity, ingenuity - remain completely unclaimed and do not develop. At the same time, children quickly get used to such beautiful and "complete" toys and ask for more and more. A child who receives more and more toys of this kind practically does not play with them, but only manipulates them. He begins to depend on what is "embedded" in such a toy, and willingly obeys its requirements. It seems to the child that he is manipulating the toy, but in reality the toy itself imposes certain actions on him.

Recently, the problem of children's dependence on various types of games has become more and more acute: computer, game consoles, slot machines, etc. Children do not want and cannot overcome the "magnetism" of these activities, they leave friends, books, studies and go into the world thrills of virtual sensations, thus losing their freedom and living by the imposed rules of the game. It can be assumed that the first step towards such independence is playing with toys that deprive children of initiative, imposing their own "rules of the game" on them.

Another danger posed by the latest developments in the toy industry is associated with the very image of the doll. The fact is that through the game with human images, a model of the child's behavior is formed not only in the game, but also in everyday life outside the game. Puppet figures literally have a bodily effect on children at an early and preschool age. Unfortunately, very little attention is paid to this phenomenon. Meanwhile, it is extremely important, since it directly has a deep formative physiological effect on the bodily appearance of the child.

It is noticed that children reproduce the facial expression, posture and posture of their favorite doll. Sometimes they rub or scratch the lower back or back where their favorite doll has a maker's stamp. Therefore, the "terrible", aggressive or arrogant expression on the doll's face, the flaws in her figure can stick to your child, literally "imprinted" into him. It turns out that both the mental and physical health of your own children depends on your conscious approach to choosing a doll.

The developmental effect of a particular toy depends on what and how the child can do with it. The possibility (or impossibility) of the active action of the child depends on many qualities of the toy. Sometimes it seems to adults that the more different properties and qualities a toy contains, the better. So, a plastic elephant on wheels, which is both a train and a telephone, opens up, it would seem, a variety of opportunities for children's activities. But such a "variety" disorients the baby - he does not know what to do with this complex toy - to carry, talk on the phone or feed the elephant. Moreover, the full implementation of the listed actions is very limited: it is impossible to transport anything on such an elephant (you won’t put anything and you won’t put anyone in jail); the handset falls off all the time; an elephant is not fully an elephant, as it is a telephone on wheels. It would be much more useful in this case to separate these functions and offer the child three different objects that are understandable in their purpose and mode of action.

However, the "usefulness" of a toy is far from being the only criterion for evaluating it. The toy must bring joy and pleasure to the baby. It should be exciting and attractive, which, in fact, makes it a toy, and not a didactic tool. The interests and preferences of children and adults often do not coincide. Adults are attracted by the external beauty of the toy, its complexity, richness of details, or the developmental value described in the annotation. However, the main advantage of a toy that attracts a baby is the ability to do something with it.

With toys stuffed with technical innovations, the child does not need to invent or imagine anything. Toys that are simpler in design and less defined in terms of how they are handled allow for a wide range of play activities. Such universal and popular at all times toys as balls, cubes, liners, ordinary dolls, etc., cannot bore a child, because due to their simplicity they are extremely plastic, allow endless complications and thousands of new combinations with them.

And finally, the most important thing. No toy alone will teach a child to play and develop his abilities. A toy can only help or interfere with a real child's game, turn the game into automatic manipulations. But if a child does not know how to play, if he lacks imagination, the desire to think, transform and create new images and plots, then no toys will help. Only in the hands of an older partner who knows how to play will the toy become alive, necessary, stimulating the imagination, and therefore useful.

annotation scientific article on health sciences, author of scientific work - Lyubov Ivanovna Ulitina

Related Topics scientific works on health sciences, author of scientific work - Ulitina Lyubov Ivanovna

The text of the scientific work on the topic "Psychological and pedagogical requirements for a modern children's toy"

Rules for choosing children's toys

For the little ones

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